by Max Hastings
426 “‘Tommy’ clapped her hands”: Ibid., p. 16.
427 “the aura of the office was always around him”: Bohlen, p. 210.
428 “a patrician democrat whose every simple gesture”: Amery, p. 882, April 15, 1943.
429 “The difference between the President”: Hassett, p. 171.
430 “one of the most untidy rooms”: CAC, Jacob diary, JACB1/12.
431 “How do these people carry on?”: Cadogan, p. 586.
432 “By the side of the Prime Minister he is a child”: CAC, Jacob diary, JACB1/14.
433 “They will have first to close the gap”: Ibid., p. 90.
434 “They tell me I have done a good job here”: Ickes, February 1, 1942.
435 “The time had now come when I must leave”: Churchill, Second World War, 3:625.
436 Amery noted wryly: Amery, p. 242, January 17, 1942.
437 “He wanted to show the President”: Moran, p. 21.
438 “There is bound to be difficulty in practice”: Eden, p. 319, January 28, 1942.
439 “There is one lesson the United States should learn”: Denver Post, February 6, 1942.
440 “It is unfortunate that Mr. Roosevelt”: Chicago Tribune, February 2, 1942.
441 “Who writes Churchill’s speeches for him?”: Time, book review section, p. 94, March 17, 1941.
442 “Even those closest to Roosevelt”: Lash, p. 195.
443 “proposed to reshape the world”: Michael Howard, Books & Bookmen, October 1977.
444 “The academic yet sweeping opinions”: Eden, p. 374.
445 “My whole system is founded on friendship”: Ibid., p. 323.
446 “The British,” wrote Henry Stimson, “are evidently taking advantage”: Stimson diary, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale, January 11, 1942.
447 “as if these had been swept into”: Pogue, Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, p. 265.
448 “It is odd that Winston should want me”: Quoted in Danchev, p. 10.
CHAPTER NINE: “THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION”
449 “There seems to be plenty of snarling”: Moran, p. 28.
450 “with the mentality of a greengrocer”: Brooke, p. 212, December 19, 1941.
451 “We should thank God for Hitler”: John Kennedy, Business of War, p. 318.
452 “The PM is not really interested in Mackenzie King”: Moran, p. 20.
453 “Mr. Churchill has been unwilling to give”: New Statesman, January 31, 1942.
454 When Amery wished: Bayley and Harper, p. 234.
455 “I think he is”: Harvey, February 9, 1942.
456 “Sometimes … the PM is just like a child”: Dalton, p. 368.
457 “The whole reputation of our country and our race is involved”: Harvey, February 9, 1942.
458 “Lots of people want to”: Bonham Carter, p. 236, February 11, 1942.
459 “striding up and down, all on edge”: Layton Papers, quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 56.
460 “Defeatism is in the air, and … I feel it too”: Garfield, p. 223.
461 “I think it is time he went”: MO report, quoted in Mosley, p. 241.
462 “I’m fed up … I feel very biteful”: Bonham Carter, p. 236, February 11, 1942.
463 “The nature of his words and the unaccustomed speed”: CAC, Colville MS diary, February 16, 1942.
464 “We have so many men in Singapore”: Nicolson, p. 211, February 12, 1942.
465 “But my God, sir, you cannot do that”: Pim Papers, quoted in Gilbert, Road 202 Victory, p. 62.
466 “If the army cannot fight better”: Brooke, p. 231, February 18, 1942.
467 “At the back of his mind and unconsciously”: Harvey, p. 91, February 5, 1942.
468 “We have masses of reinforcements”: Kennedy diary, LHA, February 3, 1942.
469 “These simple rules might help us”: Dill to Brooke, March 5, 1942.
470 “This process does not make Cabinet Ministers”: Bryant, 1:375.
471 “We are indeed walking through the Valley of Humiliation”: Hopkins Papers, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., Box 4, folder 1, Accession 1, Series 1, correspondence.
472 “always been as distant as a lion and an okapi”: Eden, p. 539.
473 “fighting to keep their country free”: Cripps, BBC broadcast, February 6, 1942.
474 “The talk was very much about Winston”: Kennedy diary, March 5, 1942.
475 “Although the British are keeping a stiff upper lip”: Harriman and Abel, p. 126.
476 “he is always careful to consume”: Moran, p. 32.
477 “saddened—appalled by events”: Quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 69.
478 “Poor old P.M. in a sour mood and a bad way”: Cadogan, p. 440, March 4, 1942.
479 “a pregnant fact”: Roskill, Churchill and the Admirals, p. 232.
480 “I believe,” he said, “that if one side in an equal war”: Hansard, November 16, 1937.
481 “built more like a fire-lighter”: Conversation with the author, June 21, 1977.
482 “I hope you were impressed”: Kimball, 1:504, June 1, 1942.
483 “As I lay in bed the other night”: Hodgson, p. 407. August 15, 1943.
484 “a considerable commander—but there was a certain coarseness about him”: Brown, p. 201.
485 perverse to heap praise: New Statesman, Februry 28, 1942.
486 “The disaster of this policy”: Hansard, February 24, 1942.
487 “can be implemented only”: Kennedy diary, LHA, May 31, 1942.
488 “a stubborn and obstinate man”: Roskill, Churchill and the Admirals, p. 130.
489 “I find it very difficult to get over Singapore”: Kimball, 1:438.
490 “CIGS says WSC is often in a very nasty mood these days”: Kennedy diary, LHA, April 7, 1942.
491 “hypothetical post-war problems”: Amery, p. 785, March 8, 1942.
492 “He does not seem to see that the steps”: New Statesman, April 11, 1941.
493 “This nation has become very soft”: Kennedy diary, LHA, February 23, 1942.
494 “lack enthusiasm and interest in the war”: BNA, WO163/52, Quarterly Morale Report.
495 “that America will emerge, after total victory”: BNA, FO371/30656.
496 “When has the Prime Minister made one”: Economist, December 19, 1942.
497 “The feeling is almost universally held”: Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt, 1:446.
498 “a strange combination of great and small qualities”: Amery, p. 746 (November 19, 1941) and p. 750 (November 25, 1941).
499 “the humiliation of being ordered about”: Ibid., p. 822, July 27, 1942.
500 “lay down arms and accept whatever fate”: Tendulkar, 5:291.
501 “Anything like a serious difference between you”: Kimball, 1:449.
502 “We must remember that this is a bad thing”: Cadogan, p. 450, May 7, 1942.
503 “The depression following Singapore”: CAC, Churchill Papers, CHAR1/369/5-8, May 2, 1942.
504 “Everyone feels safer now”: Ibid.
505 “there are many people in the USA”: Nicolson, p. 222, April 15, 1941.
506 “One trouble is that we want everything”: BNA, CAB122/96, April 7, 1942.
507 “It must be accepted that policy will increasingly”: Salter, pp. 185–86.
508 “I don’t know what we can do for that Army”: Kennedy diary, LHA, June 11, 1942.
509 “Our soldiers are the most pathetic amateurs”: Cadogan, p. 374 (April 29, 1941) and p. 389 (June 18, 1941).
510 “What will happen if the Germans get a footing here?”: Ibid., p. 433, February 9, 1942.
511 “He presents to me in those red years”: Churchill, Great Contemporaries, p. 144.
512 “We manage by terrific efforts to pile up resources”: Kennedy diary, LHA, July 31, 1942.
513 “Rommel was an abler general than any on the British side”: Moorehead, p. 418.
514 “There is a general feeling that there is something
wrong”: Garfield, p. 260.
515 “The feeling is growing that we are having”: Ibid., p. 212, February 10, 1942.
516 Ivan Maisky, the Russian ambassador in London: Dalton, November 18, 1941.
517 “Our [career officers] regard [war]”: Pownall, 2:98.
518 “Petrol, food, NAAFI supplies”: Stanford, p. 110 and passim.
519 “the Augean stables are still uncleaned”: Macmillan, p. 322, December 8, 1943.
520 “All this,” noted a general who read Gordon’s rant, “has a devastating effect on army morale”: Kennedy diary, LHA, March 5, 1942.
521 “We are going to lose this war unless we control it”: Brooke, p. 243, March 31, 1942.
522 “too stupid to be employed in any operational capacity”: Macmillan, p. 313, December 2, 1943.
523 “These British administrative generals”: Ibid., p. 347, January 1, 1944.
524 Following Byng’s shooting: See Rodger, 2:272 and passim.
525 Churchill muttered to Dill about the virtues of the Byng precedent: Kennedy diary, LHA, December 5, 1941.
526 “I am devoted to Neil”: Brooke, p. 270, June 22, 1942.
527 Fundamental to many defeats in the desert: French, passim.
528 “Arm yourself therefore my dear”: Quoted in Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, 4:63.
529 “a mere handmaid of the Army”: BNA, PREM3/499/9, Churchill to Attlee, July 29, 1942.
530 “In all its branches, the German war machine”: Moorehead, p. 409.
531 “Father, the trouble is your soldiers won’t fight”: Eden, p. 378, October 6, 1942.
532 “I love Randolph, but I don’t like him”: Brown, p. 148.
533 “a very daring and skilful opponent”: Hansard, January 29, 1942.
534 “These beastly Huns”: McLaine, p. 139.
535 “I gather that production”: Headlam, p. 231, December 5, 1940.
536 “I was disgusted to hear that their production tempo”: Colville, p. 441, September 26, 1941.
537 Of eight serious strikes in the aircraft industry: BNA, AVIA10/269.
538 “a marked absence of discipline”: BNA, CAB102/406.
539 “had failed to improve its productivity”: BNA, CAB70/6.
540 “Strikes continue to cause much discussion”: BNA, INFI/282, October 1943.
541 Byrd complained to harbour security officers: BNA, FO371/34115.
542 “I do not see why the country sh[oul]d not be mobilized”: Kennedy diary, LHA, March 12, 1942.
543 Of all wartime industrial disputes: Inman, p. 365.
544 The Cost of Living Index rose from 88: Ibid., passim.
545 “one can hardly overstress the effect”: Court, p. 325.
546 “The center of the problem … is the bad feeling”: BNA, CAB123/21.
547 “Many of the people had lived for years past”: Ministry of Health report, Cmd.6468.
548 “children in rags”: Titmuss, p. 115.
549 “We [Chamberlain’s ministers in early 1940] were all conscious”: Quoted in McLaine, p. 104.
CHAPTER TEN: “SECOND FRONT NOW!”
550 “I was fortunate if I did not see Winston for 6 hours”: Brooke, p. 247, April 10, 1942.
551 “no very great contribution”: Ibid., p. 246, April 9, 1942.
552 “In many respects he is a very dangerous man”: Ibid., p. 249, April 11, 1942.
553 The CIGS told his staff: Kennedy diary, LHA, April 5, 1942.
554 “The extraordinary thing is that the Russians seem”: Ibid.
555 “I am in entire agreement in principle”: Kimball, 1:448, April 12, 1942.
556 “we are proceeding with plans and preparations on that basis”: Ibid., 1:459, April 17, 1942.
557 “Arrangements are being made for a landing”: Ibid., 1:515.
558 “This universal cry to start a second front”: Brooke, p. 243, March 30, 1942.
559 “I might be the best man to run the war”: Halifax, March 31, 1942.
560 “Concerning the second front, Churchill made a brief statement”: Rzheshevsky, pp. 113, 190.
561 “We do not consider this a meaningless statement”: Ibid., p. 157.
562 “It is the irony of the commitment to the Soviet Union”: Beaumont, p. 99.
563 “Considerable though these achievements and sacrifices were”: Ibid., p. 142.
564 “sending very few aircraft, and not the best they have either”: Ibid., p. 147.
565 “They offered no definite information”: Rzheshevsky, p. 231.
566 “preparations for the second front”: Ibid., p. 222.
567 “Finally, we think it absolutely necessary”: Ibid., p. 250.
568 First, and as the Russian leader acknowledged: Chuev, p. 258.
569 “I mentioned among other things”: Ibid., p. 319.
570 “Roosevelt had calmly told Molotov”: Harvey, p. 244, June 10, 1942.
571 “We had to squeeze everything we could get”: Chuev, p. 66.
572 “the High Contracting Parties … to afford one another”: Pravda, June 14, 1942.
573 found Churchill “smarter”: Chuev, p. 26.
574 “I knew them all, these capitalists”: Ibid., pp. 65–67.
575 “This vicious rag should have no special facilities here”: BNA, PREM4/26/8, June 7, 1942.
576 “Advocacy of a second front has increased”: Nicholas, p. 58, July 25, 1942.
577 A U.S. officer at dinner in London: Kennedy diary, LHA, April 5, 1942.
578 “No Englishman here has the close relationship”: BNA, CAB109/47, Birley to Jacob.
579 “We simply hold no cards at all”: Dykes diary, October 12, 1942, quoted in Danchev, p. 20.
580 Private secretary John Martin was sternly rebuked: Hassett, p. 68.
581 “No responsible British military authority”: CAC, JACB1/14.
582 “it was Britain’s beleaguered helplessness”: Porch, p. 208.
583 “Anti-British feeling is still strong”: Nicholas, p. 38, May 14, 1942.
584 “there was little point in supplying the British”: Ibid., p. 49, June 27, 1942.
585 “These English are too aggressive”: Hassett, June 20 and 24, 1942.
586 “a delightful companion”: Ibid., June 20, 1942.
587 “I knew when I saw your fat-headed PM”: BNA, FO371/30656.
588 “All the old animosities against the British”: USNA, RG84, Box 5.
589 “Phrases such as ‘the British always want someone’”: USNA, RG208, Box 11, Survey of Int. Material, OWI Survey No. 113, June 10, 1942.
590 The OWI’s July survey invited Americans: Ibid., OWI Survey No. 114, July 1, 1942.
591 Some 65 percent said America: Ibid., OWI Survey No. 117, August 29, 1942.
592 “The dominant underlying feeling is not bad”: BNA, FO371/30656.
593 “the Asiatic war has revived”: Lippmann Papers, Yale, April 18, 1942.
594 “old-fashioned imperialism”: BNA, FO371/30656, Clark Kerr dispatch, September 28, 1942.
595 “The Embassy … has a quite fantastically low reputation”: BNA, FO371/30656, July 6, 1942.
596 “were about as friendly to the British”: Ibid., October 5, 1942.
597 “We must have a victory!”: Harvey, p. 249, June 22, 1942.
598 “I told him what Winston had said”: Kennedy diary, LHA, July 18, 1942.
599 “The people do not like him being away”: IWM, Cons Shelf P, Yates letters, June 22, 1942.
600 “I myself felt pretty disgusted with him”: Quoted in Mosley, p. 254.
601 “The enemy did not seem to understand”: Hodgson, p. 293, June 23, 1942.
602 “Mr Churchill’s speech did not contain much comfort”: Ibid., p. 298, July 5, 1942.
603 “We heard yesterday that we have lost Tobruk”: IWM, G. W. King 85/49/1, June 22, 1942.
604 “Where can soldiers go”: Lash, Roosevelt and Churchill, 1939–1941, p. 209, June 25, 1942.
605 “Russian successes continue to provide
”: BNA, INF1/292, January 26 through February 1, 1942.
606 “We received nothing in return”: Brooke, p. 223, January 27, 1942.
607 “There is an extraordinary and misguided”: Kennedy diary, LHA, March 23, 1942.
608 “Little as I formerly liked him”: IWM, Cons Shelf P, January 2, 1942.
609 “That danger will never come through admiration”: McLaine, p. 210.
610 “Reactionary attitudes are spreading”: IWM, Belsey 92/12/1, August 8, 1942.
611 “Why is not Mr. Churchill”: Garfield, Private Battle, p. 274.
612 “When the Anglo-Soviet Alliance was signed”: IWM, Papers of Mrs. E. Elkus.
613 ENGLISH PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO HELP THEIR RUSSIAN COMRADES: Pravda, August 5, 1942.
614 “Every week of successful defence”: BNA, INF1/284.
615 “the trouble … is that no one really has any idea”: Macmillan, p. 46, March 20, 1943.
616 “I suppose that, with the exception of some thirty or forty”: Lascelles, p. 41, July 24, 1942.
617 “The fact that, during one of the most critical periods”: Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1942.
618 “Winston is I think far too inclined”: Amery, p. 818, July 6, 1942.
619 “His speech sounds very good to us”: Millburn, p. 144, July 1, 1942.
620 “He is a giant among pygmies”: Headlam, p. 322.
621 “It is to be hoped that the PM takes some notice”: Millburn, p. 145, July 2, 1942.
622 “The simple question—though the answer may be complex”: Times (London), July 1, 1942.
623 “a most objectionable young pup”: Brooke, p. 276, July 3, 1942.
624 “discreditable” and “deplorable”: Reynolds, In Command, p. 302.
625 “The cheek of the young brute”: Brooke, p. 276, July 3, 1942.
626 “May I suggest with all respect that you must convince”: BNA, AIR8/1074, Dill, JSM 300, Aide Memoire on Future Operations, July 16, 1942.
627 “Churchill, however, believes the other way”: Wallace diary, May 25, 1943, quoted in J. M. Blum, ed., The Price of Vision (Houghton Mifflin, 1973).
628 “Well, how are we going to win this war?”: Kennedy diary, LHA, July 18, 1942.
629 “We failed to see that a leader in a democracy”: Pogue, Organizer of Victory, p. 330.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: CAMELS AND THE BEAR
