by Max Hastings
830 “Poor Harry, the public is done with him”: Hassett, p. 161, March 9, 1943.
831 “the reported recalcitrance of Churchill”: Selden Menefee, Washington Post, January 13, 1944.
832 “quite enthralling”: Brooke, p. 483, November 28, 1943.
833 “Of course the man was ruthless”: Eden, p. 514.
834 “Do you think they know that we are listening?”: Beria, p. 124.
835 “He was turning his hose on Churchill”: Marshall interview, November 15, 1956, cited in Pogue, Organizer of Victory, p. 313.
836 Cadogan recorded the distress: Cadogan, p. 580, November 29, 1943.
837 Soviet eavesdroppers reported to Stalin: Beria, p. 126.
838 “That the President should deal with Churchill”: Wheeler-Bennett, Action, p. 210.
839 “Roosevelt has given a firm commitment”: Zhukov, 3:94.
840 Cunningham and Portal declared the conference: Moran, p. 168.
841 “Every morning when I wake”: Coote Papers, January 27, 1944, quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 646.
842 “the Americans have been taking their islands”: December 9, 1943.
843 “sitting on his suitcase in a very cold morning wind”: Bryant, Triumph of the West, p. 114.
844 “If I die,” he told his daughter Sarah: Quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 606.
845 “We all hope and pray”: IWM, diary of W. A. Charlotte, 93/19/1.
846 “Papa much better today”: quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 613.
847 Macmillan strongly urged: Macmillan, p. 322, December 8, 1943.
848 “Our object is the liberation of Europe”: Churchill to Chiefs of Staff, January 2, 1944.
849 “while Winston, very pink”: Nicolson, pp. 344–45, January 18, 1944.
850 “That all right?”: Ibid., p. 321, September 9, 1943.
851 “We did become like animals in the end”: Quoted in d’Este, Fatal Decision, p. 316.
852 as American corps commander Maj. Gen. John Lucas: See Atkinson, Day of Battle, p. 354.
853 “The more one sees of this peninsula”: Macmillan, p. 429, April 23, 1944.
854 “Sitting in a chair in his study”: Colville, p. 474, February 18, 1944.
855 “Their chirpings will presently be stilled”: Hansard, February 27, 1944.
856 “In the H of C smoking room”: Headlam, p. 403, April 25, 1944.
857 “On no account”: Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 715, March 21, 1944.
858 “Soviet attitude on this business”: Eden, p. 439, March 4, 1944.
859 “I confess to growing apprehension that Russia”: Ibid.
860 “I would much rather get what we want”: Macmillan, p. 124 (June 15, 1943) and p. 126 (June 18, 1943).
861 “Much as I love Winston”: Ibid., p. 335 (December 23, 1943) and p. 338 (December 25, 1943).
862 “We both got quite heated at one time”: Eden, August 20, 1943.
863 “He feels about De Gaulle”: Macmillan, p. 335, December 23, 1943.
864 “I am much distressed to see”: Ibid., p. 389, March 4, 1944.
865 “He may be mentally the man he was”: Eden, p. 442, May 1, 1944.
866 “rather like a small boy”: Kennedy diary, LHA, September 24, 1942.
867 “The raids are very fine”: CAC, Churchill Papers, CHAR1/381/11-18.
868 “Late at night”: Colville, p. 476, March 4, 1944.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: SETTING EUROPE ABLAZE
869 “Subjugated peoples must be caused”: Pownall, 2:21.
870 “simultaneous attacks by armoured forces”: Gilbert, War Papers, 3:1313.
871 “I hope they will, even at the worst, maintain a gigantic guerrilla”: Gilbert, Finest Hour, p. 473.
872 On May 27, 1941, Churchill sent: BNA, CAB120/827.
873 “Far from welcoming”: Gildea, p. 165.
874 “Nothing must be done”: Cabinet Defence Committee, August 2, 1943.
875 “Here, we want every citizen to fight”: Colville, pp. 192–93, July 12, 1940.
876 Berlin wanted only economic plunder: See, for instance, Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, passim.
877 “The cycle is simple”: Quoted in Hastings, Das Reich, pp. 148–49.
878 “Other evidence exists that maquis violence was widely condemned”: Julian Jackson, France, p. 534 and passim.
879 “I think the dropping of men”: AHB/1D3/1588, quoted in M. R. D. Foot, SOE in France (HMSO, 1966), p. 153.
880 “Nobody who did not experience it can possibly imagine”: Sweet-Escott, p. 73.
881 “I was disturbed … by the lack of security”: Chandos, p. 239.
882 “Many French people”: Hastings, Das Reich, passim, interviews by the author.
883 A whimsical November 1941 proposal: Astley and Wilkinson, p. 117.
884 “He believed that all his geese”: Hastings, Das Reich, p. 35.
885 “There is no doubt that, in this critical phase”: Mackenzie, p. 415.
886 German records, by contrast, reveal only thirty-five killed: Hastings, Das Reich, p. 278.
887 “In the history of France”: Julian Jackson, France, p. 387.
888 “of seething factions, who would turn to whoever would give them most support”: BNA, CAB99/28.
889 “How pleased I shall be to return to civilisation again”: Quoted in Bailey, Wildest Province, p. 134.
890 “No one is ever free from the struggle for existence”: Quoted in Mackenzie, p. 486, May 26, 1944.
891 As so often in occupied Europe, political and military objectives: Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece, passim.
892 “I am very impressed, and oppressed and depressed”: IWM, audio archive, quoted in Bailey, ed., Forgotten Voices, p. 250.
893 “pundits overestimated what guerrillas could achieve”: Annan, p. 75.
894 “Armed resistance in the open countryside”: Hammond, p. 180.
895 “But by that time, certainly in the case of EAM and ELAS”: Bailey, ed., Forgotten Voices, p. 251.
896 “Self-organised bands … are already getting out of hand”: Quoted in Molony, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 210.
897 “A Resistance movement may suddenly transfer itself”: Ibid.
898 Michael Howard, a historian of British wartime strategic deception: See Howard, 5:135–55.
899 “Deakin was outstandingly intelligent”: Djilas, p. 253.
900 “we of course felt honoured”: Ibid., p. 368.
901 “The British had no choice”: Ibid., p. 348.
902 “It is a little doubtful whether the Missions”: Mackenzie, p. 434.
903 “the difficulty is that with … the universal listening”: Macmillan, p. 445, May 1 through 23, 1944.
904 “I have come to the conclusion”: BNA, PREM4/381C/341 and 4/369/438, December 19, 1944.
905 “Paradoxically, British influence on Resistance in Europe”: CAC, Deakin Papers, A Note on Resistance MS, DEAK16, p. 25.
906 “He wished and believed it possible to bring about a situation”: War Cabinet paper, quoted in Mackenzie, p. 612.
907 “Only in the USSR did German counter-terror fail”: Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, p. 485.
908 “It was only just worth it”: To the author, interview, March 4, 1980.
909 “The game was not worth pursuing”: Mackenzie, p. 483.
910 Gubbins was even rash enough: Astley and Wilkinson, p. 202.
911 “Moreover, in our desire to attack the Germans”: Macmillan, p. 545, October 9, 1944.
912 “gave a damning account”: Colville, p. 581, April 3, 1945.
913 “The occupied nations believed with passion”: CAC, Deakin Papers, DEAK16, p. 24.
914 “If war, carried out”: Thomas Arnold, Lectures on Modern History (Longman, 1874), pp. 160–61.
915 David Reynolds notes the remarkable fact that: Reynolds, In Command, p. 175.
916 “‘Setting Europe ablaze’ had proved a damp squib”: Ibid., p. 176.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: OVERLORD
>
917 “It’s not the hard work, it’s the hard worry”: Dalton, p. 714, April 29, 1944.
918 “Spirits remain at a low level”: BNA, INF1/293.
919 “Considerable disquiet”: Nicholas, ed., p. 345.
920 “We discussed … how best”: Brooke, p. 533, March 21, 1944.
921 “Until the invasion”: USAMHI, Carlisle, OCMH Forrest Pogue notes of 1947 interview with Morgan for The Supreme Command.
922 “Difficulties again with our American”: Brooke, p. 537, April 5, 1944.
923 “This battle has been forced upon us”: Cadogan, p. 621, April 19, 1944.
924 “preferred to roll up Europe from the south-east”: BNA, CAB99/28.
925 “Struck by how very tired and worn out”: Colville, p. 484, April 12, 1944.
926 “In my view, it is the Germans”: Kimball, 3:87, April 12, 1944.
927 So skilful were German disengagements: See, for instance, Atkinson, The Day of Battle, passim.
928 “How magnificently your troops have fought”: Kimball, 3:163, June 4, 1944.
929 “Lots of Americans and British”: Gunther, p. 59.
930 “a place that has long been vacant”: Mr. T. Bowman, Times (London), May 30, 1942.
931 “A man who has to play”: Churchill, Second World War, 5:551.
932 “Winston … has taken his train”: Brooke, p. 553, June 4, 1944.
933 “Mr. Churchill seemed to be always in the bath”: Eden, p. 452, June 4, 1944.
934 “Cheap at the price”: Ibid., p. 454.
935 “Yes, there’ll be a landing”: Djilas, Wartime, p. 39.
936 “Don’t look so glum”: Pogue, Marshall: Organizer of Victory, p. 394.
937 “We are surrounded by fat cattle”: Brooke, p. 557, June 12, 1944.
938 “The PM asked if I were frightened”: Holmes diary, quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 813.
939 “[Churchill] was at his best, and said the matter”: Cunningham diary, quoted in ibid.
940 “I do hope it will soon”: IWM, Papers of Mrs. E. Elkus, letter of September 2, 1944.
941 “He kept on repeating”: Brooke, p. 563, June 27, 1944.
942 “Sitting in the drawing-room”: Macmillan, p. 474, June 25, 1944.
943 “We have now reached the stage”: Brooke, p. 581, August 15, 1944.
944 “Whatever the PM’s shortcomings”: Colville, p. 489, May 13, 1944.
945 “By July, the American soldier”: USAMHI, Carlisle, OCMH Forrest Pogue notes of January 21, 1947, interview with Alan Moorehead for The Supreme Command.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: BARGAINING WITH AN EMPTY WALLET
946 Roosevelt sent him a headmasterly rebuke: Kimball, 3:201, June 22, 1944.
947 “I cannot think of any moment”: Ibid., 3:202, June 23, 1944.
948 “Whether we should ruin all hopes”: Ibid., p. 219, June 28, 1944.
949 “My interests and hopes”: Ibid., pp. 222–23, June 24, 1944.
950 “What can I do, Mr. President”: Ibid., p. 229, July 1, 1944.
951 “The Arnold-King-Marshall combination is one of the stupidest”: PM’s personal minute to CoS, D.218/4, quoted in Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 843, July 6, 1944.
952 “Up till Overlord”: Colville, p. 574, March 20, 1945.
953 “Up to July 1944 England”: Moran, July 5, 1954.
954 “After dinner a really ghastly defence committee”: Eden, p. 461, July 6, 1944.
955 “A frightful meeting with Winston”: Brooke, p. 566, July 6, 1944.
956 “I called this ‘a deplorable evening’”: Eden, p. 462, July 6, 1944.
957 “He is very tight”: Dalton, p. 473, April 29, 1944.
958 “Lunched alone with W”: Eden, p. 463, July 17, 1944.
959 On 4 August, when Eden called: Ibid., p. 467, August 4, 1944.
960 “he was far more law-abiding”: Brooke, p. 673, March 23, 1945.
961 “Of course it was true that the Germans”: BNA, CAB79/77.
962 “We know that such ‘right-minded people’”: Howard, Liberation or Catastrophe, p. 75.
963 “There is no doubt”: BNA, FO371/42809.
964 An intelligence officer: See Richard Breitman, Official Secrets (Penguin, 1999), p. 216.
965 “This seems to be the best ever”: Kimball, 3:261, July 29, 1944.
966 “After all, he is a frustrated man”: CAC, Randolph Churchill to Winston Churchill, Churchill Papers, CHAR1/381/42-44, August 11, 1944.
967 “I feel that de Gaulle’s France will be a France more hostile”: Soames, ed., Speaking, p. 501, August 17, 1943.
968 “They did not know that if I had had my way”: Churchill, Second World War, 5:84.
969 “The English are clever”: Djilas, p. 401.
970 “all spread along twenty miles of coast”: Soames, ed., Speaking, p. 500, August 17, 1944.
971 “I feel sure this is a secondary”: IWM, diary of W. A. Charlotte, 93/19/1.
972 “fooling about in Italy”: Harvey, p. 355, August 26, 1944.
973 David Reynolds notes: Reynolds, In Command, p. 395.
974 “The PM can be counted on to score”: Colville, p. 595, May 1, 1945.
975 “Our Cabinet meetings certainly get more”: Amery, p. 994 (August 9, 1944) and p. 1020 (November 23, 1944).
976 “Churchill is preoccupied by his own”: Berlin, pp. 13, 15.
977 “I do not consider it advantageous”: Kimball, 3:296.
978 “old, unwell and depressed”: Brooke, p. 589, September 8, 1944.
979 “gargantuan in scale”: Colville, p. 509, September 6, 1944.
980 The prime minister said that he would not regret: Ibid.
981 “All he could now do was to finish the war”: Colville, p. 510, September 7, 1944.
982 Earlier that year, Churchill: Brooke, p. 525, February 25, 1944.
983 “high political consequences, but also has serious military potentialities”: Churchill to Chiefs of Staff, September 9, 1944.
984 Brendan Bracken dismissed him: Colville, p. 555, January 23, 1945.
985 Yet there is no reason to suppose: BNA, FO371/38550/AN4451.
986 “my illusions about the French”: Colville, p. 517, September 20, 1944.
987 “The affairs go well”: Soames, ed., Speaking, p. 306, October 13, 1944.
988 “We fucked this England!”: Chuev, p. 75.
989 “Our lot from London are, as Your Majesty knows”: BNA, CAB120/165.
990 “The Poles’ game is up”: Moran, p. 249, October 17, 1943.
991 “Far quicker than the British”: CAC, Deakin Papers, DEAL16, p. 14.
992 “You must remember … that our armies”: BNA, PREM4/337/23, December 3, 1944.
993 “How much depends on this man”: Headlam, p. 435, December 13, 1944.
994 “He oughtn’t to do it”: Nicolson, p. 406, October 9, 1944.
995 “He is not of course”: Ibid., p. 352, February 22, 1944.
996 “The upper classes feel that all this sacrifice”: Ibid., p. 356, March 27, 1944.
997 “Winston Churchill is a bastard”: Ibid., p. 347, February 7, 1944.
998 “Collins, I should like a whisky and soda”: Ibid., pp. 408–9, October 27, 1944.
999 “completely frozen”: Brooke, p. 625, November 13, 1944.
1000 “[He] is fighting for the future of the world”: Spectator, November 24, 1944.
CHAPTER NINETEEN: ATHENS: “WOUNDED IN THE HOUSE OF OUR FRIENDS”
1001 “It is good that there is one country”: Eden, October 26, 1944.
1002 “Despite Churchill’s belief”: Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece, p. 352.
1003 “My darling Winston”: Soames, ed., Speaking, p. 507, December 4, 1944.
1004 “We expect the Italians to work out their own problems”: Foreign Relations of the United States, Conferences at Washington, 1942, 3:1162.
1005 “‘Liberal’ papers, pleading for a greater representation”: USNA, RG59, Box 11, State Department Surveys of Public O
pinion on International Affairs, 1943–1975.
1006 “Substantially universal approval has greeted the proposition”: USNA, RG59, Box 11, Survey No. 17, December 23, 1944.
1007 “seeking to bury”: Ibid.
1008 A Princeton poll: USNA, RG59, Box 11, Princeton Poll, December 23, 1944.
1009 “Winston Churchill, the present”: Tribune, December 1944.
1010 “This is good”: Churchill to Eden, November 23, 1944.
1011 “at its best was one of distressed”: Nicolson, p. 416, December 8, 1944.
1012 “He rambled on”: Macmillan, p. 600, December 8, 1944.
1013 “Our version of the facts is largely disbelieved”: BNA, CAB121/559.
1014 “We do not wish to start the Third World War”: Macmillan, p. 612, December 19, 1944.
1015 “These ELAS guerillas don’t care”: IWM, 06/110/1, letter of January 7, 1945.
1016 “but I think the bulk of Greek youth wants socialism”: IWM, 86/61/1, letters of December 5 and 12, 1944, and February 5, 1945.
1017 “Poor Winston!”: Macmillan, December 21, 1944, p. 613.
1018 “I won’t instal a Dictator”: Cadogan, p. 689, December 21, 1944.
1019 “Indignation with Britain has given way”: Nicholas, p. 481, December 24, 1944.
1020 “Glad I am not going on an expedition”: CAC, Martin Papers, MART/2, December 24, 1944.
1021 “had the air of men to whom a brilliant idea”: Osbert Lancaster, Spectator, November 12, 1965.
1022 “in a most mellow, not to say chastened mood”: Macmillan, p. 616, December 25, 1944.
1023 “struck me as a very remarkable man”: Hansard, January 18, 1945.
1024 “We are now in the curious”: Colville, p. 540, December 26, 1944.
1025 “the pink and ochre panorama of Athens”: Hansard, January 18, 1945.
1026 “One can see the smoke of battle”: Colville, p. 540, December 26, 1944.
1027 “The change in his appearance”: Lancaster, Spectator, November 12, 1965.
1028 “three shabby desperados”: Colville, p. 541, December 26, 1944.
1029 “after some consideration I shook”: Soames, ed., Speaking, p. 509, December 26–27, 1944.
1030 “I thought it all very disingenuous”: Macmillan, p. 619, December 26, 1944.
1031 “I cannot tell you the feeling of security one enjoys”: Lancaster, Spectator, November 12, 1965.
