274 “Hey”: Ibid.
274 “We go”: Ibid.
274 “One motioned to me”: Paul J. Leonard, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942).
274 “I didn’t know”: Potter oral history interview with Hasdorff, June 8–10, 1979.
274 “There is no worse sight”: Doolittle, I Could Never Be So Lucky Again, p. 12.
275 “This was my first”: Ibid.
275 “disconsolate”: “Diary Reveals Doolittle Believed Raid Failed,” Reading Eagle, April 23, 1943, p 15.
275 “What do you think will happen”: This exchange comes from Doolittle, I Could Never Be So Lucky Again, pp. 12–13.
275 “It was the supreme compliment”: Ibid.
276 “Tokyo successfully bombed”: James H. Doolittle, Personal Report, May 4, 1942.
276 “Now you guys”: Potter oral history interview with Hasdorff, June 8–10, 1979.
276 Missionary John Birch had fled: John M. Birch oral history interview with 14th Air Force Historical Office Staff, March 20, 1945, AFHRA; “Who Was John Birch,” Time, April 14, 1941, p. 29.
276 “Have you any Americans”: This exchange comes from Birch oral history interview with 14th Air Force Historical Office Staff, March 20, 1945.
277 “Well, Jesus Christ”: This exchange comes from Potter oral history interview with Hasdorff, June 8–10, 1979.
277 “Come in here!”: Birch oral history interview with 14th Air Force Historical Office Staff, March 20, 1945.
277 “Of course, I was glad to”: Ibid.
277 “I will see”: This exchange comes from Greening, “The First Joint Action,” p. 54.
277 Chase Nielsen awoke: Unless otherwise noted, details of the Green Hornet’s survival are drawn from the following sources: Chase J. Nielsen testimony in the case of United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.; Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3; C. Jay Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Raider Tortured in Effort to Learn Point of Takeoff,” News and Courier, Sept. 17, 1945, p. 9; Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000; Nielsen oral history interview with Randle, Feb. 22, 2005; Glines, Four Came Home, pp. 46–59; Glines, The Doolittle Raid, pp. 102–6.
278 “Good Lord”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3.
278 “Why”: Chase Nielsen oral history interview with Rick Randle, Feb. 22, 2005.
278 “Boy, this is a fine pickle”: Ibid.
278 “The next thing I saw”: Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.
278 “Stand up or me shoot!”: Glines, The Doolittle Raid, p. 103.
278 “I might be able”: Glines, Four Came Home, p. 50.
278 “You Japanese”: This exchange comes from Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.
278 “They dead”: Chase Nielsen, undated manuscript, in Glines, The Doolittle Raid, p. 103.
279 “Japanese come”: Chase Nielsen oral history interview with Winston P. Erickson, July 11, 2000.
279 “It was a welcome sight”: Glines, Four Came Home, p. 51.
279 The men returned: Earl L. Dieter letter to Jesse and May, Sept. 6, 1945, Box 2, Series II, DTRAP.
279 “Hallmark, Meder and myself”: Chase Nielsen letter to Mrs. Dieter, Sept. 18, 1945, ibid.
279 “Hurry, hurry, hurry”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3.
279 “Soon”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Raider Tortured,” p. 9.
279 “We felt we had”: Ibid. In later interviews and oral histories, Nielsen stated that the airmen were smuggled aboard a sampan and taken to Wenchow, where the Japanese captured them. However, both his sworn testimony before the war crimes tribunal and a detailed newspaper account he authored in 1945 contradict that account.
280 “Japanese come”: Ibid.
280 “We talked briefly”: Ibid.
280 “The Chinese led”: Ibid.
280 “You now Japanese prisoner”: Ibid.
280 David Thatcher returned: Unless otherwise noted, details of the Ruptured Duck crew’s escape through China are drawn from the following sources: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, pp. 87–106; McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5; McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Flyers Trek to Safety,” p. 6; Charles L. McClure, tape transcription, Dec. 1987; David J. Thatcher, Personal Report, May 15, 1942; David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942; David Thatcher interview with author, Aug. 27, 2011; David Thatcher oral history memoir, Aug. 10, 1999; McClure to Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).
280 “I got to the plane”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 87.
280 “It was no comfortable sedan chair”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5.
281 “They slipped in the mud”: Ibid.
281 “As we rose”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 91.
281 “One of the toughest-looking”: Ibid., p. 92.
281 “It was hard not to moan”: Ibid., p. 96.
282 “With sick, mingled fears”: Ibid., p. 97.
282 “We moved along like a snail”: Ibid., p. 98.
283 “Only after getting tired”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.
283 “With this injury”: Ibid.
283 “He tried to sleep”: Ibid.
283 “Don’t let them cut”: This exchange comes from Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 99.
283 “I was pretty darned hungry”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.
283 “It was like raw”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 100.
283 “the blackest night”: McClure to Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).
283 “Lawson was wanting water”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report, May 18, 1942.
284 “I was carried”: McClure to Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).
284 “Anything we got is yours”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 102.
284 “They had nothing”: Ibid.
284 “Sitting in one of the anterooms”: McClure to Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).
284 “man-eating bug”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Flyers Trek to Safety,” p. 6.
285 “I didn’t get much rest”: Ibid.
285 “I tried to go to sleep”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 102.
285 Dr. Chen Shenyan arrived: Statement by Dr. Shen-Yen, Co-Direction, En-Tse Hosptial, Ling Hai, undated (ca. May 1942), included with Cooper, “The Doolittle Air Raid on Japan,” June 22, 1942.
285 “There was a compound fracture”: Ibid.
285 “He also had multiple”: Ibid.
285 “We were given”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.
286 “It brought a lump”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, p. 104.
286 “At the top of a ridge”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Flyers Trek to Safety,” p. 6.
286 “There were times”: Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, pp. 104–5.
286 “You’re safe here”: This exchange is ibid., p. 106.
286 “It was a hospital now”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Flyers Trek to Safety,” p. 6.
286 “It was forty miles”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.
CHAPTER 17
287 “I had many things”: Kenneth Reddy diary, April 18, 1942.
287 The Russians woke York: Unless otherwise noted, details of York’s arrival in Russia are drawn from the following sources: Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, pp. 32–58; Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982; York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984; “Intervie
w with B-25 Crew That Bombed Tokyo and Was Interned by the Russians,” transcript, June 3, 1943; Pohl as told to Dwiggins, “We Crash Landed in Russia—and Escaped,” pp. 55–56.
287 “Business must never”: Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, p. 33.
287 “During this time”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.
288 “Tell you what”: Pohl as told to Dwiggins, “We Crash Landed in Russia—and Escaped,” p. 55.
288 “Are you sure”: Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, p. 35.
288 “You must hurry”: Ibid., p. 36.
288 “My God”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.
288 “I finally had to pull York”: Ibid.
288 “Roosky Dooglas”: Ibid.
288 “Where are we going”: This exchange comes from Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, p. 37.
288 “Khabarovsk”: Ibid., p. 38.
288 “May I introduce to you”: Ibid., p. 39.
289 “General Stern was the nearest”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.
289 “The General has asked”: Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, p. 40.
289 “Well, here we are”: Ibid., p. 44.
289 “There wasn’t anything”: Ibid.
290 “I speak a little English”: Ibid.
290 “My God”: Ibid., p. 47.
290 “Anything that resembled”: “Interview with B-25 Crew That Bombed Tokyo and Was Interned by the Russians,” transcript, June 3, 1943.
290 “Every day had been”: Emmens, Guests of the Kremlin, p. 55.
291 “Leaving!”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.
291 “Where are we going?”: Ibid.
291 An influx of visitors: Unless otherwise noted, details of Smith’s crew’s time in China are drawn from the following sources: Donald G. Smith, Mission Report of Doolittle Project on April 18, 1942, May 14, 1942; Donald G. Smith, Personal Report, May 14, 1942, Griffith P. Williams, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942); Howard A. Sessler, Personal Report, May 14, 1942; Edward J. Saylor, Personal Report, May 15, 1942; Thomas White diary, April 19–24, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” pp. 42–45; Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” pp. 14–29.
291 “He was still intact”: Thomas White diary, April 19, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 42.
291 “Several times other boats”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 15.
292 “The only sound”: Ibid.
292 “Damn and fuck”: Ibid., p. 16.
293 “I noticed the extreme age”: Thomas White diary, April 20, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 43.
293 “The old priest”: Ibid.
293 “We felt trapped”: Thomas White diary, April 21, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 43.
293 “Several times we heard”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 19.
294 “I don’t know whether”: Edward Saylor, “Doolittle Tokyo Raid,” Jan. 14, 1989.
294 “The air in the cave”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 19.
294 “Clattering noises”: “For Public Relations Branch: When, As, and If War Department Thinks Proper,” June 12, 1942.
294 “Everyone relaxed”: Thomas White diary, April 21, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 43.
294 “They had evidently”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 19.
294 “Fascinating countryside”: Thomas White diary, April 21, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 43.
295 “Glad to get”: Ibid., p. 44.
295 “We replied”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 22.
295 “Had a gorgeous night’s sleep”: Thomas White diary, April 23, 1942, in White, “The Hornet Stings Japan,” p. 44.
295 “Safe and well”: Ibid.
295 “a triumphal procession”: Ibid.
295 “We went up a long valley”: Ibid.
296 “Everywhere we went”: Ibid.
296 Lawson’s conditioned had worsened: T. R. White to Department Surgeon, Far Eastern Dept., “Report of Injuries Received in Aircraft Accident,” April 26, 1942, included with Cooper, “The Doolittle Air Raid on Japan,” June 22, 1942. For description of his wounds, see also T. R. White to Air Surgeon, “Report of Activities Covering the Period from March 1, 1942, to June 16, 1942,” June 23, 1942.
296 “All of the wounds”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 27.
296 “The area of gangrene”: Ibid.
297 “The fact that Ted”: Ibid., p. 26.
297 The Japanese loaded: Tatsuo Kumano and George Barr testimonies in the case of United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
297 Guards ushered the raiders: Glines, Four Came Home, p. 67.
297 Guards tossed: George Barr testimony in the case of United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.; Watson, DeShazer, p. 36.
297 The Japanese pulled DeShazer: Watson, DeShazer, pp. 36–37; DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.
297 “I’m the kindest judge”: This exchange comes from DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.
298 “When you speak”: Watson, DeShazer, p. 37.
298 “Tomorrow morning”: This exchange comes from DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.
298 “You will please to sit down”: This exchange comes from Glines, Four Came Home, pp. 68, 70.
299 “You couldn’t fly that far”: This exchange comes from Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.
299 George Barr suffered: George Barr testimony in the case of United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
299 “The water was going”: Ibid.
299 “My hands were tied”: DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.
300 The Japanese loaded: This scene is based on Nielsen’s testimony in the 1946 war crimes trial and the series of newspaper articles he authored after the war in 1945.
300 “Nobody said anything”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Raider Tortured,” p. 9.
301 “We have methods”: Ibid.
301 “That crack about my folks”: Ibid.
301 “There was absolutely”: Ibid.
301 “A man has to breathe”: Ibid.
301 “I felt more or less”: Chase Nielsen testimony in the case of United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
301 “With the water trickling”: C. Jay Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Raider Tortured in Effort to Learn Point of Takeoff,” News and Courier, Sept. 17, 1945, p. 9.
301 “Talk”: Ibid.
302 “I can’t stand this”: C. Jay Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Sadistic Delight Taken in Torturing Captured Yanks,” News and Courier, Sept. 18, 1945, p. 7.
302 “The sweat was pouring”: Ibid.
302 “With each blow”: Ibid.
302 “I’ve given you”: Ibid.
302 “I could feel the edges”: Ibid.
302 “Well”: Ibid.
302 “We’ll see about that”: Ibid.
303 “Tell it to me”: Ibid.
303 “How do you like that?”: Ibid.
303 “If you insist on not telling”: Ibid.
303 “My mind was in a whirl”: C. Jay Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Japs Change Pace in Their Methods of Torturing Yank,” News and Courier, Sept. 19, 1945, p. 5.
303 “The sweat was pouring”: Ibid.
303 “My whole life flashed”: Ibid.
304 “Well, well, well”: Ibid.
304 “If you boys don’t”: Ibid.
304 “Panic seized me”: Ibid.
304 “There were periods of consciousness”: Ibid.
304 “When I let my arms down”: Chase Nielsen testimony in the case of United States of Am
erica vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
304 “I could see a little bit”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Japs Change Pace,” p. 5.
CHAPTER 18
305 “Far from winning”: “Remember Tokyo,” editorial, Pittsburgh Press, April 20, 1942, p. 10.
305 “As the enemy position”: Yoshitake Miwa diary, April 18, 1942.
305 The lack of widespread damage: Toland, The Rising Sun, p. 309.
306 “Helped in my hard-labored”: Goldstein and Dillon, eds., The Pearl Harbor Papers, p. 129.
306 Early reports: Matome Ugaki diary, April 18, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 111–13.
306 “We have missed”: Ibid., p. 113.
306 Erroneous reports of new attacks: War History Office, National Institute for Defense Studies, Hondo Hōmen Kaigun Sakusen, pp. 92–95; Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, “Homeland Defense Naval Operations: December 1941–March 1943,” Japanese Monograph #109, pt. 1, 1953, pp. 10–11.
307 Reports indicated: Matome Ugaki diary, April 19, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 113–14.
307 “The reason”: Ibid., p. 113.
307 “What relation there was”: Yoshitake Miwa diary, April 19, 1942.
307 The Japanese captured: War Department, Office of Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, Magic Summary, “Bombing of Tokyo,” April 22, 1942, in The Magic Documents: Summaries and Transcripts of the Top Secret Diplomatic Communications of Japan, 1938–1945 (Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1980), Microfilm Roll #1; Matome Ugaki diary, April 19, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 113–14.
307 “They never told”: Matome Ugaki diary, April 19, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 113.
307 “What the enemy intended”: Ibid., p. 114.
308 By the following evening: Matome Ugaki diary, April 20, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 114–15.
308 “The enemy, already withdrawn”: Ibid., p. 115.
308 “One has the embarrassing feeling”: Agawa, The Reluctant Admiral, p. 300.
308 Ugaki knew by April 21: Matome Ugaki diary, April 21–22, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 115–16.
308 “How the sixteen planes”: Matome Ugaki diary, April 22, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 116.
308 A final tally: Shibata and Hara, Dōrittoru Kūshū Hiroku, p. 211.
309 In Tokyo: Legal Section, 1st Demobilization Ministry, “Damages Sustained in the Air Attack of 18 April 1942.”
Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor Page 70
