The Age of Lincoln and the Art of American Power, 1848-1876

Home > Other > The Age of Lincoln and the Art of American Power, 1848-1876 > Page 45
The Age of Lincoln and the Art of American Power, 1848-1876 Page 45

by Nester, William


  and Congress, 104, 107, 112, 113, 115, 120, 124, 128, 146, 147–48, 149, 151, 158, 163, 164, 168, 169, 207, 217

  and elections

  1860, 90–99

  1864, 209–11

  family of, 22–24, 29–30, 33, 51–52, 106, 127–28, 201, 202

  legacy of, 277

  philosophy and power of, 1, 2–7, 11, 22, 15, 26–28, 29, 30, 31, 33–35, 36, 55, 57–58, 70–71, 73, 75, 78–79, 83–86, 89, 90, 93, 103, 107–8, 113, 114, 115, 145, 148–49, 159, 161–62, 166, 198, 200–204, 225, 288, 289–304, 304–12

  policies of— abolition, 5, 104, 144, 145–58

  District of Columbia, 149

  Emancipation Proclamation, 152, 157–58, 169, 301, 306

  13th Amendment, 146, 216–17, 236, 253, 306

  policies of—Constitutional controversies, 113–14, 200–204

  policies— economic, social, and education, 159–68, 293, 298, 308–9

  Department of Agriculture, 166

  economy, 159–60, 163, 226

  Homestead Act (1862), 166

  Internal Revenue Bureau, 164

  Legal Tender Act (1862), 164, 255

  Morrill Agricultural Act (1862), 166

  Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act (1862), 154

  Morrill Land Great College Act (1862), 167

  Morrill Tariff Act (1862), 165

  National Banking Act (1863), 166

  Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 166, 255

  Thanksgiving, 168

  policies of— foreign, 128–31, 191, 196–97

  Trent Affair, 129–30

  policies of— Reconstruction, 205–7, 210, 229–30

  Freedman’s Bureau Act, 230

  Wade Davis Act (1864), 206–7

  policies of— war, 109–11, 112, 113, 117, 120–21, 121–22, 125, 127, 133–34, 137–38, 138–39, 141, 143, 155, 156, 169–70, 172–73, 174, 175–76, 176–77, 179, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 198, 199, 200, 213, 266–68

  army, 109, 116–17, 227, 298

  Articles of War, 149

  black troops, 150, 151, 197–200, 301

  Confiscation Act (1861), 123, 148

  Confiscation Act (1862), 152

  Enrollment Act (1863), 182, 300

  Lieber Code, 202–3

  Militia Act (1862), 152, 299

  navy, 112, 195, 295–96, 298

  peace talks, 204–5, 216

  punishment, 203

  Sanitary Commission, 204, 300

  War Department, 116, 126, 182, 202

  psychology and character of, 2, 22–24, 28–29, 32–33, 51–52, 125, 208, 210–11, 212, 220–21, 280

  and Republican Party, 104, 106, 117, 122, 146, 151, 160, 162, 169, 209–10, 211, 216, 298

  conservatives, 146, 205, 206, 210

  Radicals/liberals, 146, 185, 205, 206, 210, 278

  speeches and debates of, 12–13, 27–28, 31–32, 57–58, 83–86, 93, 106, 107, 107–8, 115, 158, 185–86, 217–18

  and Supreme Court, 211

  Prize Case (1863), 201–2

  Ex Parte Milligan (1866), 202

  Lincoln, Edward Baker, 30, 51

  Lincoln, Mary Todd, 29–30, 33, 51–52, 93, 127–28, 204, 218

  Lincoln, Nancy, 23

  Lincoln, Robert Todd, 30, 93, 218

  Lincoln, Sarah, 23

  Lincoln, Thomas, 23

  Lincoln, Thomas (Tad), 30, 51, 93, 204

  Lincoln, William (Willie), 30, 93, 127

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 277, 278

  Longstreet, James, 144, 180, 181

  Lopez, Narciso, 67–68

  Louisiana, 57, 68, 98, 179, 191, 207, 238, 239, 249, 286, 287

  Baton Rouge, 137, 176

  Colfax, 245, 249

  New Orleans, 24, 57, 63, 66, 67, 99, 137, 150–51, 244–45

  Shreveport, 191

  Lovejoy, Elijah, 27, 41

  Lovejoy, Owen, 146

  Lowell, James Russell, 277, 278

  Lundy, Benjamin, 40

  Lyon, Nathaniel, 121–23

  Lyons, Richard, 130

  Madison, James, 40

  Magoffin, Beriah, 123–24

  Maine, 39, 40, 95

  Mallory, Stephen, 136

  Manifest Destiny, 9, 14–15, 260

  Marcy, William, 52, 63, 65

  Marshall, James, 16

  Marshall, John, 11, 40, 42

  Maryland, 39, 99, 113, 120–21, 144, 154–55

  Baltimore, 40, 52, 96, 113

  Frederick Town, 208

  Hagerstown, 208

  Sharpsburg, 155

  Williamsport, 175

  Mason, James, 64, 129–30

  Massachusetts, 13, 39, 40, 77

  Boston, 41, 50, 150

  Newburyport, 40

  Matteson, Joel, 59

  Maximilian I, 191, 197, 269

  McAdoo, William, 281

  McClellan, George, 118–20, 125–28, 131, 134, 137–43, 147, 148, 154–56, 170, 175, 189, 210, 290, 291–92, 293

  McClernand, John, 147, 178, 293

  McCormick, Cyrus, 126

  McCulloch, Hugh, 215

  McDowell, Irwin, 117–18, 122, 138, 144

  McGruder, John, 139–40

  McLean, Wilber, 219

  McPherson, James, 132, 178

  Meade, George, 174–75, 176, 182, 190, 192, 226, 291, 292

  Melville, Herman, 89, 259, 276–77

  Merritt, Wesley, 296

  Merryman, John, 114

  Michigan, 39, 71, 93, 169

  Miller, Alfred Jacob, 275

  Milligan, Lambdin, 202

  Minnesota, 169, 266–68

  Mankato, 268

  Mississippi, 56, 57, 68, 76, 79, 98, 233, 238, 289

  Corinth, 136, 137, 143, 156, 171

  Holy Springs, 171

  Iuka, 156

  Jackson, 176, 177

  Oxford, 171

  Port Hudson, 137, 176, 177, 178

  Tupelo, 137, 156

  Vicksburg, 57, 87, 171, 176, 177

  Vicksburg convention, 87

  Missouri, 16, 39, 57, 59, 77, 97, 99, 106, 120–23, 132, 209

  Belmont, 132

  Booneville, 122

  Haun’s Mill, 81

  Jefferson City, 121, 122, 209

  Kansas City, 123, 209, 297

  Lexington, 123

  Springfield, 122, 123, 209

  St. Louis, 57, 121–22, 123, 143, 209, 252

  Monroe, James, 40, 129

  Moran, Thomas, 275, 281

  Morgan, John Hunt, 171, 296

  Mosby, John, 207, 296

  Mott, Lucretia Coffin, 18

  Mount, William Sidney, 275

  mountain ranges

  Appalachian Mountains, 14, 94, 124

  Black Hills, 264, 284

  Cascade Mountains, 264

  Rocky Mountains, 39, 61, 97, 275

  Sierra Mountains, 264

  Mumford, William, 150

  Myrick, Andrew, 259, 266–67

  Napoleon I, 294–95

  Napoleon III, 191, 197, 269

  Nebraska

  Omaha, 167, 255

  Nevada, 15, 298

  New England, 38, 59, 60, 179, 233

  New Hampshire, 39, 40

  New Jersey, 39, 72, 169

  New Mexico, 15, 47, 48, 49, 62, 63, 262, 263, 309

  newspapers and publishers

  Atlantic Monthly, 279

  Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 20

  Charlestown Mercury, 44

  Cincinnati Enquirer, 242, 248

  Evening Post, 210

  Free Press, 40

  Genius of Universal Emancipation, 40

  Harper’s Weekly, 279

  Independent, 210

  Lakeside Library of Chicago, 279

  Liberator, 41

  L’Union (New Orleans), 239

  Nation, 279

  National Era, 37

  National Quarterly Review, 279

  New Orleans Crescent, 66

  New Orleans Tribune, 239

  New York Herald, 127

/>   New York Tribune, 14, 20, 59, 99, 117, 153, 185, 204, 207, 210

  Publisher’s Weekly, 279

  Richmond Enquirer, 37, 43, 89

  Rochester North Star, 20, 41

  Sacramento Union, 215

  Sangamon Journal, 28

  Saturday Evening Post, 279

  Scribner’s Monthly, 279, 281

  Spirit of the Times, 210

  New York, 18, 20, 47, 48, 83, 105, 126, 169, 286

  Albany, 106

  Brooklyn Naval Yard, 110, 136

  Buffalo, 20, 106

  New York City, 67, 93, 106, 113, 182–83, 203, 210, 241, 254, 285

  Rochester, 41

  Seneca Falls, 18

  Wall Street, 256

  Niagara Falls, 204

  Nicolay, John, 104, 128, 215, 290

  North Carolina, 15, 87, 99, 114, 188, 214, 239, 246, 298

  Durham, 225

  New Bern, 135, 141, 190

  Raleigh, 190

  Wilmington, 214

  Nullification Crisis (1833), 303

  Ohio, 27, 39, 93, 95, 105, 118, 124, 146, 169, 184

  Cincinnati, 37, 106, 118, 285

  Cleveland, 106, 234

  Columbus, 106

  Olmstead, Frederick Law, 92, 285

  Opdyke, George, 210

  Ord, Edward, 156

  Oregon, 19, 39, 61, 69, 262, 264, 309

  Ostend Manifesto, 64

  O’Sullivan, John, 14

  O’Sullivan, Timothy, 276

  Owens, Mary, 29

  Pacific Ocean, 5, 61, 62, 69, 260, 283, 310

  Paine, Thomas, 26

  Parker, Ely, 212, 220, 243, 268

  Parker, Theodore, 40, 50, 88

  Parkman, Francis, 276

  Patterson, James, 117, 252

  Payson, Lewis, 281

  Pegram, John, 119

  Pemberton, John, 176, 177, 178

  Pendleton, George, 210

  Pennsylvania, 12, 39, 95, 105, 169, 183, 252, 291

  Chambersburg, 208

  Gettysburg, 185–86

  Philadelphia, 20, 41, 106–7, 113, 282–83

  Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 282–83

  Pittsburgh, 106

  Perry, Matthew, 68–70

  Philips, Wendell, 89, 234

  Philosophy

  abolitionism, 18, 38–39, 40–42, 45, 48, 87, 88, 99, 153–54, 157, 278

  Hamiltonism, 4–5, 71, 79, 83, 160, 164, 278, 308–9

  Jacksonism, 4, 106, 160, 165

  Jeffersonism, 4, 79, 160, 165

  liberalism, 17

  nationalism, 17

  slavocracy, 36, 42–46, 49, 61, 63, 68, 83–86, 87, 96, 98–99, 157, 301–4, 311–12

  Social Darwinism, 249

  socialism, 17

  transcendentalism, 278

  Pickens, Francis, 111

  Pickett, George, 175

  Pierce, Charles, 278

  Pierce, Franklin, 6, 52–53, 54, 57, 62–63, 68, 73, 76, 82

  Pierpont, Francis, 124

  Pinkerton, Allan, 125

  Pinkerton Agency, 125

  Polk, James, 13, 15, 16, 19, 61, 62, 76, 262

  Polk, Leonidas, 124, 132, 309

  Pope, John, 134, 141, 143, 144, 154, 267

  Porter, David, 177, 214

  Porter, Fitz John, 142, 144

  Porter, Horace, 243, 251

  Porterfield, George, 118

  Price, Sterling, 121, 122, 123, 209

  Prosser, Gabriel, 44

  Quantrill, William, 297

  Queen Victoria, 129

  Quitman, John, 68

  Radical Democracy Party, 210

  Ranney, John, 275

  Rawlins, John, 271

  Reagan, Ronald, 258

  Reconstruction, 5, 228

  challenges and setbacks of, 226, 228, 229, 235–36, 239, 243–44, 247–48

  and Congress, 228–29, 233–34, 235, 236, 237, 238, 243, 249, 251, 252, 255, 271, 281, 283

  Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 228–29

  and Constitution

  14th Amendment, 236–37, 238, 249

  15th Amendment, 246, 248

  corruption during, 250–51

  Credit Mobilier scandal, 252

  Gold Ring scandal, 251–52

  Indian Ring scandal, 252, 268

  Whiskey Ring scandal, 252

  economy during, 226, 228, 229, 235–36, 250, 251–52, 254–56

  Gilded Age, 250

  Panic of 1873, 255–56

  elections during

  1868, 241

  1876, 285–87

  and institutions

  Civil Service Commission, 243

  Department of Justice, 246–47

  Freedman’s Bureau, 230–31, 237–38, 239

  Indian Affairs Commission, 268

  Office of Solicitor General, 246–47

  laws during

  Act to Strengthen Public Credit (1869), 255

  Civil Rights (1866, 1875), 236, 248, 257

  Enforcement Act (1870), 249

  Freedman’s Bureau (1866), 235

  Habeas Corpus Act (1867), 238

  Military Reconstruction Act (1867), 238

  Mineral Acts (1866, 1869, 1872), 255

  Resumption Act (1875), 256

  Southern Homestead Act (1866), 235, 247

  Tenure of Office Act (1867), 233–34, 240

  Yellowstone National Park (1872), 281

  legacy of, 287

  policies during— education, 231–32

  policies during— foreign, 260, 269–74

  Treaty of Washington (1871), 273

  policies during— Indians, 268

  policies during— land, 229–30, 235–36

  policies during— national heritage Yellowstone National Park, 281

  policies during— occupation, 238, 245

  policies during— treason, crimes, and justice

  amnesty and pardons, 234

  Andersonville, 234

  Andrew Johnson impeachment, 240–41

  private liberal efforts to aid

  Equal Rights League, 240

  Gideon’s Band/Gideonites, 231

  New England Freedman’s Aid Society, 247

  and Republican Party, 237, 241, 247, 250, 253, 283, 285

  conservatives, 250, 285

  Radicals, 228, 230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240–41, 257, 278, 285

  Supreme Court, 248–49, 286

  Ex Parte Milligan (1866), 202, 249

  Legal Tender Act (1870), 255

  Munn v. Illinois (1876), 250, 282

  Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), 249

  Texas v. White (1869), 249

  United States v. Cruikshank (1876), 249

  United States v. Reese (1876), 249

  white supremacy acts during

  atrocities, 244–45, 249

  black codes, 247–48

  white supremacy groups during, 244, 257

  Democratic Party, 244

  Ku Klux Klan, 244

  Red Shirts, 244, 246, 247

  White Camellias, 244

  White League, 244, 245

  Reeder, Andrew, 59, 60

  religion

  Baptists, 34

  Calvinists, 34

  Catholics, 17, 53–54

  Christianity, 69

  Deists, 33–35

  Jews, 17

  Mormons, 59, 81–82, 154, 254

  Quakers, 40, 268

  Unitarianism, 40, 278

  Republican Party (1854–60), 5, 60, 70–74, 83, 92, 93–95, 306

  Republican Party (original). See Democratic

  Party Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 44, 301

  Rhode Island, 39

  Richardson, William, 250

  rivers

  Appomattox, 193

  Arkansas, 172, 209

  Cape Fear, 214

  Chickahominy, 141, 142

  Colorado, 63

  Columbia, 61

  Cumberland, 132, 133, 134, 295

  Gila, 63
/>
  Green, 82

  James, 139, 193, 295

  Kanawha, 119

  Minnesota, 266

  Mississippi, 112, 124, 132, 134, 137, 171, 176–79, 262, 268, 295

  Missouri, 262, 264, 267

  Monocracy, 207

  Neuces, 13

  Ohio, 37, 39, 124, 132

  Pamunkey, 171

  Platte, 262

  Potomac, 114, 120, 138, 144, 155, 174, 175, 291

  Rapidan, 139, 182

  Rappahannock, 171, 173, 174, 176

  Red, 179, 191–92, 197, 262, 295

  Rio Grande, 12, 13, 15, 49, 191, 197, 269

  Sabine, 197

  Sacramento, 16

  Sagamon, 25

  Saint Lawrence, 65

  Schuylkill, 283

  Tennessee, 132, 133, 134, 136, 180–81, 295

  Yazoo, 171

  York, 138, 139

  Robeson, George, 250

  Robinson, Charles, 60

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 309

  Rosecrans, William, 119, 147, 156, 169, 171, 179, 181–82, 189, 291

  Ruffin, Edmund, 44

  Russell, A. J., 276

  Russell, John, 129, 196–97

  Rutledge, Ann, 29

  Salmon, Robert, 274

  Sanborn, Franklin, 88

  Sanford, John, 77

  San Juan Islands, 273

  Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 63

  Santa Fe Trail, 263

  Schofield, John, 213, 243

  schools

  Alcorn College, 231

  Atlanta University, 231

  Bowdoin College, 52

  Citadel, 292

  Columbia College, 203

  Dickinson College, 76

  Fisk College, 231

  Hampton College, 231

  Harvard Divinity School, 279

  Harvard University, 218, 231, 278

  Howard University, 230

  Kenyon College, 105

  Philips Exeter, 52

  Tugaloo College, 231

  Union College, 105

  University of Nashville, 66

  University of Pennsylvania, 66

  University of Virginia, 204

  Virginia Military Institute, 292

  West Point Military Academy, 117, 119, 131, 133, 143, 264, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294

  Yale University, 231

  Schurz, Carl, 45, 285

  Scott, Dred, 77–79

  Scott, Robert, 246

  Scott, William, 23

  Scott, Winfield, 12, 20, 53, 109, 112, 116–17, 120, 294–95

  Sea Islands, 230, 240

  Seddon, James, 199

  Seward, William, 20, 46, 72, 75, 89, 92, 94, 95, 97, 104–5, 110–11, 129, 130, 158, 215, 216, 220, 269, 307, 309

  Seymour, Horatio, 169, 241

  Seymour, Truman, 196

  Shakespeare, William, 23

  Sharkey, William, 233

  Shepley, George, 150

  Sheridan, Philip, 192, 208–9, 214, 218–19, 244–45, 265, 292, 298

  Sherman, John, 146, 201

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 131–32, 136, 171–72, 176, 177, 181, 187, 188–89, 190, 194–95, 211, 213, 214, 218, 225, 226, 230, 232, 246, 251, 265, 266, 293, 296–97, 298

  Shields, James, 28, 59, 141

  Sibley, Henry, 267

 

‹ Prev