Ghost Fleet

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Ghost Fleet Page 47

by P. W. Singer, August Cole


  122known as the Metal Storm: Tyler Rogoway, “The Seven Deadliest Naval Close-In Weapon Systems,” Foxtrot Alpha (blog), Jalopnik.com, April 27, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014, http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-seven-deadliest-naval-close-in-weapon-systems-1568291678.

  123“from the Dahlgren facility”: “About NSWC Dahlgren,” U.S. Navy, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.navsea.navy.mil/nswc/dahlgren/default.aspx.

  123rail gun represented a break point: Spencer Ackerman, “Video: Navy Fires Off Its New Weaponized Railgun,” Danger Room (blog), Wired, February 28, 2012, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2012/02/railgun-real-gun/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%253A+WiredDangerRoom+%2528Blog+-+Danger+Room%2529.

  123called a Lorentz force: “Railgun Physics,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, accessed August 20, 2014, http://web.mit.edu/mouser/www/railgun/physics.html.

  126The original Tank: “The JCS Conference Room: ‘The Tank,’ ” Defense Technical Information Center, Department of Defense, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/history/jcspart5.pdf.

  126Florida subcontractor: Fictional characters were inspired by actual events; see Guy Lawson, “The Stoner Arms Dealers: How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders,” Rolling Stone, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-stoner-arms-dealers-20110316.

  128“A sonic boom”: Esther Inglis-Arkell, “Cherenkov Radiation Is a Sonic Boom for Light,” iO9.com, September 29, 2012, accessed August 26, 2014, http://io9.com/5947197/cherenkov-radiation-is-a-sonic-boom-for-light.

  130their golden hour to save a life: Chris Willis, “After the Battle: The Golden Hour,” U.S. Air Force, March 14, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.bagram.afcent.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123340100.

  131These nearly undetectable vehicles: “Converting Wave Motion to Propulsion,” Liquid Robotics, accessed August 20, 2014, http://liquidr.com/technology/waveglider/how-it-works.html.

  131Great Pacific Garbage Patch: “Marine Debris: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, August 20, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014, http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html.

  132United Kingdom’s new red-and-white flag: Matt Ford, “Will This Be the U.K.’s New Flag?,” Atlantic, March 5, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/03/will-this-be-the-uks-new-flag/284234/.

  133flailed at each other: Francis Fukuyama, “America in Decay: The Sources of Political Dysfunction,” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2014), accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141729/francis-fukuyama/america-in-decay.

  134“ ‘To secure ourselves’ ”: Sun-Tzu, Sun Tzu on the Art of War, trans. Lionel Giles.

  135“Our Weibo micro-blog”: Sign-up page, Weibo, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.weibo.com/signup/mobile.php?lang=en-us.

  136“a very messy manner”: John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001).

  138Sandy Beach Park: “Sandy Beach Park,” Hawaii Beach Safety, accessed August 20, 2014, http://oceansafety.ancl.hawaii.edu/v/2.0/?i=oahu&shid=4&bch=sandy. The beach is known as one of the most dangerous surf spots on Oahu.

  140787-9 executive jet: “787 Dreamliner: Fact Sheet,” Boeing, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/787family/787-9prod.page.

  140the Studio 54 nightclub: Sean O’Hare, “Inside Studio 54: Fascinating Photographs Reveal What Stars Really Got Up to in World’s Most Famous Nightclub,” Mail Online, January 17, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2263800/The-crazy-antics-Studio-54-revealed — pictures-just-stars-got-legendary-New-York-nightclub.html.

  140“A letter of marque”: “Marque and Reprisal,” Heritage Foundation, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/50/marque-and-reprisal. Also see Captures Clause.

  142“It is one of the last”: Chris Hoel, “What It’s Like to Sip a Century-Old Champagne from a Shipwreck,” St. Louis Magazine, February 22, 2012, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.stlmag.com/What-its-Like-to-Sip-a-Century-Old-Champagne-From-a-Shipwreck/.

  143“article one, section eight”: “The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription,” National Archives, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html.

  144the graffiti: “Patent: Method and Apparatus for Creating Virtual Graffiti in a Mobile Virtual and Augmented Reality System, US 8350871 B2,” Google, January 8, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.google.com/patents/US8350871. Also see http://grafiti.mobi/dig-graffiti-applications-and-tools-for-smes-and-users/.

  146first-generation Google Glass: “Google Glass: What It Does,” Google, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.google.com/glass/start/what-it-does/.

  148passed the SIG Sauer P226 pistol: “Pistols — P226,” SIG Sauer, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.sigsauer.com/catalogproductlist/pistols-p226.aspx.

  151The Versatrax 300: “Versatrax 300,” Inuktun, accessed July 24, 2014, http://www.inuktun.com/crawler-vehicles/versatrax-300.html.

  156old Defense Production Act: “The Defense Production Act of 1950, As Amended,” Department of Defense, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.acq.osd.mil/mibp/dpac/final__defense_production_act_091030.pdf.

  157representing a sovereign wealth fund: “Sovereign Wealth Funds — Frequently Asked Questions,” February 27, 2008, European Commission, accessed August 20, 2014, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-08-126_en.htm?locale=en.

  157stepped out for a coffee break: Kay Mathews, “Photo: Sam Walton’s Office in Walmart Visitor Center, Bentonville, Ark.,” Digital Journal, June 4, 2011, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.digitaljournal.com/image/88949.

  163graphene was light and strong: “The Story of Graphene,” University of Manchester, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/explore/the-story-of-graphene/.

  163also known as a 3-D printer: Bob Tita, “How 3-D Printing Works,” Wall Street Journal, June 10, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323716304578483062211388072.

  164a manufacturing revolution: “3D printing: Second Industrial Revolution Is Under Way,” New Scientist, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.newscientist.com/special/3D-printing.

  165just spoken Klingon: Klingon Pocket Dictionary, Klingonska Akademien, accessed August 20, 2014, http://klingonska.org/dict/.

  166“Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects”: “Putin Seeks to Create Russian DARPA Equivalent,” Global Security Newswire, June 21, 2012, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/putin-seeks-create-darpa-equivalent/.

  167the electronic ink used: Jason Koebler, “This E-Tattoo Uses Conventional Chips, No Nanotech Required,” Motherboard, April 4, 2014, accessed August 20, 2014, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/this-e-tattoo-uses-conventional-chips-no-nanotech-required.

  167Dmitri Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony: “Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 5,” Keeping Score, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.pbs.org/keepingscore/shostakovich-symphony-5.html.

  169Iliahi Elementary School: “About Iliahi,” Iliahi Elementary School, accessed August 20, 2014, https://sites.google.com/a/dragons.k12.hi.us/iliahiel/.

  173community development units: “Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs),” Department of State, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.state.gov/p/nea/ci/iz/c21830.htm; fictional unit.

  174Directorate Z-8K assault helicopters: “Product Information — Z8 Helicopter,” Changhe Aircraft Industries Group, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.changhe.com/english/ecpxx/ecpxx.htm.

  174“It was always a risk”: Charles J. Dunlap Jr., “Lawfare Today . . . and Tomorrow,” in International Law and the
Changing Character of War, eds. Raul A. Pedrozo and Daria P. Wollschlaeger (Newport, RI: U.S. Naval War College, 2011), 315–25.

  175The bridge was illuminated: Heather Kelly, “San Francisco Turns a Bridge into Art with 25,000 Lights,” CNN.com, March 8, 2013, accessed August 20, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/06/tech/innovation/bay-bridge-light-installation/.

  177The space was cavernous: “US Naval Air Station Sunnyvale, Historic District (Moffett Field),” National Park Service, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/usn.htm.

  177now filled Hangar One: “Hangar 1, Shenandoah Plaza Historic District,” NASA, accessed August 21, 2014, http://historicproperties.arc.nasa.gov/hangar1.html.

  177come up with a unique plan: “Moffett Federal Airfield,” GlobalSecurity.org, accessed October 6, 2014, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/moffett.htm.

  178Silicon Valley: “Major Silicon Valley Companies,” Google Maps, August 27, 2011, accessed August 21, 2014, https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=203174842897863924077.0004ab7eb4bb25f971c1d&msa=0&dg=feature.

  178NASA’s Ames Research Center: “About,” NASA, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/about/index.html.

  178Google acquired Hangar One: Brandon Bailey, “Google to Restore Hangar One and Operate Runways at Moffett Field,” San Jose Mercury News, February 10, 2014, accessed August 21, 2014. http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25109267/google-restore-hangar-one-and-operate-runways-at.

  179The NSA had cost Silicon Valley: Danielle Kehl et al., “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom, and Cybersecurity,” New America Foundation, July 29, 2014, accessed August 21, 2014, http://oti.newamerica.net/publications/policy/surveillance_costs_the_nsas_impact_on_the_economy_internet_freedom_cybersecurity.

  179human-flesh-search-machine: Celia Hatton, “China’s Internet Vigilantes and the ‘Human Flesh Search Engine,’ ” BBC News Magazine, January 28, 2014, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25913472.

  184his first time on the cover: “Brad Pitt: The Sexiest Man Alive,” People, November 13, 2000, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20132898,00.html.

  185“The old MIG welder works”: “MIG Welding FAQs,” Lincoln Electric, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/welding-solutions/Pages/mig-faqs-detail.aspx.

  187passed Angel Island to starboard: “Angel Island State Park,” California Department of Parks and Recreation, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=468.

  187eBay Park’s pier: “AT&T Park,” San Francisco Giants, accessed August 21, 2014, http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/sf/ballpark/.

  189Art Hodes: Jon Pareles, “Art Hodes, a Pianist Known for the Blues in the Old Style, 88,” New York Times, March 6, 1993, http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/06/arts/art-hodes-a-pianist-known-for-the-blues-in-the-old-style-88.html.

  193ship mission center: Jay Sego and Jim Downey, “Life at Sea Aboard DDG 1000,” Surface Warfare, accessed August 21, 2014, http://surfwarmag.ahf.nmci.navy.mil/feature_ddg_1000.html.

  197“calling it Blackwater”: August Cole, “Blackwater Vies for Jobs Beyond Guard Duty,” Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2007, accessed August 21, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119240518691958669.

  205“the history of wine itself”: Tom Standage, A History of the World in Six Glasses (New York: Walker, 2006).

  206inside the 3-D environment: Betsy Book, “Virtual Worlds: Today and in the Future,” BCS, March 2006, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.bcs.org/content/conwebdoc/3336.

  206submerged rendition of Las Ramblas: “City Visit of Las Ramblas District in Barcelona,” Barcelona.com, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.barcelona.com/barcelona_city_guide/city_visits_of_barcelona/ramblas.

  208a liver shot: Eric C. Stevens, “Analysis of the Liver Shot: Throwing and Defending,” BreakingMuscle.com, accessed August 21, 2014, http://breakingmuscle.com/martial-arts/analysis-of-the-liver-shot-throwing-and-defending.

  210“at DevGru with me”: Brandon Webb, “DEVGRU/SEAL TEAM 6,” Sofrep.com, accessed August 21, 2014, http://sofrep.com/devgru-seal-team-6/.

  211“cognitive augmentation”: Ed Boyden, “In Pursuit of Human Augmentation,” MIT Technology Review, September 17, 2007, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/408686/in-pursuit-of-human-augmentation/.

  211“JSOC”: “Joint Special Operations Command,” U.S. Special Operations Command, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.socom.mil/Pages/JointSpecialOperationsCommand.aspx.

  211“One Hundred Sixtieth helo drivers”: “160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne),” U.S. Army, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.soc.mil/ARSOAC/160th.html; the Persistent Operations Group is a fictional special-mission unit.

  215penthouse suite number 3: “Moana Surfrider Room Types,” Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, accessed August 21, 2014, http://www.moana-surfrider.com/roomsandsuites/roomtypes/.

  222AH-1Z Viper attack helicopters: “AH-1Z Super Cobra/Viper,” U.S. Marine Corps, accessed August 22, 2014, http://www.marines.com/operating-forces/equipment/aircraft/ah-1z-cobra.

  Part 4

  227the Republic of Kalaallit Nunaat: “Greenland: Oil Fortune to Fund Independence,” United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.unric.org/en/indigenous-people/27308-greenland-oil-fortune-to-fund-independence.

  228massive oil fields were discovered: “U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3049 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle,” U.S. Geological Survey 2008, accessed August 23, 2014, http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf.

  228the U.S. Coast Guard had only one: “USCGC Healy (WAGB-20),” U.S. Coast Guard, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.uscg.mil/pacarea/cgcHealy/.

  230steadying a spotting scope: Geoffrey Ingersoll, “New ‘One-Shot’ Rifle Sight Could Make Snipers Deadlier Than Ever,” Business Insider, October 12, 2012, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/new-one-shot-rifle-sight-technology-does-the-aiming-for-every-sniper-2012-10.

  230a QBU-88 rifle: “QBU-88,” World Guns, accessed October 6, 2014, http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sniper-rifles/ch/qbu--e.html.

  230with a TrackingPoint spotter: “What the Shooter Does,” Tracking Point, accessed August 23, 2014, http://tracking-point.com/.

  231Hawaii’s first radar defense network: “Mount Kaala, Oahu, HI,” Radomes.org, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.radomes.org/museum/recent/KaalaAFSOahuHI.html.

  235Gulf of the Farallones: “Welcome to Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary,” National Ocean Service, August 7, 2014, accessed August 23, 2014, http://farallones.noaa.gov/.

  235at full EMCON A: “Emission Control,” U.S. Navy, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.navair.navy.mil/ibst/03_E3/emcon.html.

  235stealthy unmanned surface vessels: Sandra I. Erwin, “Navy Will Deploy Swarms of Autonomous Robots to Protect Warships at Sea,” National Defense, October 5, 2014, accessed October 5, 2014, http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1628.

  239The American military had gotten the idea: Ellen Nakashima and Craig Whitlock, “With Air Force’s Gorgon Drone ‘We Can See Everything,’ ” Washington Post, January 2, 2011, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/01/AR2011010102690.html.

  242“what you should fear”: Jack Pemment, “Blame the Amygdala: The Neuroscience of Crime and Violent Behavior,” Psychology Today, April 5, 2013, accessed October 27, 2014, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/blame-the-amygdala/201301/what-would-we-find-wrong-in-the-brain-serial-killer.

  243the way sandtige
r sharks cooperated: “Co-Operative Hunting in Sandtiger Sharks,” ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/b_coop_hunting.htm.

  243Mark 81 rocket-powered torpedo: Eric Adams, “Supercavitating Torpedo,” Popular Science, June 1, 2004, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-06/supercavitating-torpedo; fictional weapon.

  247idea from that video game: “Call of Duty: Ghosts,” Activision, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.callofduty.com/ghosts/home.

  250dehydrated roast pork and mooncakes: Gregory Mone, “Eat Like a Taikonaut,” Popular Science, July 25, 2007, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.popsci.com/article/2007-07/eat-taikonaut.

  250fired an antisatellite missile: Peter Grier, “The Flying Tomato Can,” Air Force Magazine, February 2009, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.airforcemag.com/magazinearchive/pages/2009/february%202009/0209tomato.aspx?signon=false.

  254“Out of the blue”: Steve Hammond and David Pierce, “Space Pirates,” Flash Fearless Vs. the Zorg Women, Parts 5 & 6, 1975, performed by Alice Cooper, http://www.allmusic.com/song/space-pirates-mt0011871423.

  256Ehukai Beach: “Ehukai Beach Park,” Hawaii Beach Safety, accessed August 23, 2014, http://oceansafety.ancl.hawaii.edu/v/2.0/?i=oahu&shid=1&bch=ehukai.

  257a small black lobster: Maryann Lawlor, “Lobsters Populate Navy Robot Platter,” Signal Online, May 2004, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.afcea.org/content/?q=node/135.

  257the lobster made a final sprint: Joseph Ayers, “Biomimetic Underwater Robot Program,” Northeastern Marine Science Center, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.neurotechnology.neu.edu/.

  258suppressed HK 416 rifles: “HK416 A5,” Heckler and Koch, accessed August 17, 2014, http://www.heckler-koch.com/en/products/military/assault-rifles/hk416-a5/hk416-a5-11/overview.html.

  258swim to shore without oxygen tanks: “110 Predictions for the Next 110 Years,” Popular Mechanics, December 10, 2012, accessed August 23, 2014, http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/110-predictions-for-the-next-110-years.

 

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