“I am aware that this avowal”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 148.
helped several up-and-coming: Ibid., 180.
“loco-foco” Democrat: Ibid., 103.
“he was always for fair play”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“handsomely dressed couple”: Fitzpatrick, Endless Crusade, 7.
“Well, Colonel”: Abbott, “Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge,” 418.
“She got on all right with the boys”: Fitzpatrick, Endless Crusade, 7.
“temporary”: WCPB to SPB, Oct. 3, 1884, BFP.
“hard for people raised with our prejudices”: Issa Breckinridge to SPB, Sept. 19, 1884, BFP.
“nothing of the colored girls”: SPB to Issa Breckinridge, Sept. 26, 1884, SBP.
“proud, even haughty”: Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 142.
“uncomfortable at their house”: Ibid., 150.
some southern women cultivated: Lewis and Lockridge, “Sally Has Been Sick,” 5.
“I have loved you Willie”: Issa Breckinridge to WCPB, Oct. 24, 1884, BFP.
“You know you are”: Issa Breckinridge to SPB, Sept. 20, 1884, BFP.
“I know it is inevitable”: WCPB to SPB, March 30, 1884, BFP.
9. THE NEEDLE, THE SCHOOL ROOM, AND THE STORE
“quicksilver—ever active, amazingly fluid”: Wright, “Three Against Time,” 41.
“the most brilliant student”: Cook, “Notes and Comments,” 94.
“keen Southern wit”: Ibid.
“an ease and grace of manner”: Ibid.
“We hear pleasant and sweet things”: WCPB to SPB, Oct. 22, 1884, BFP.
“dutiful”: WCPB to SPB, March 30, 1885, BFP.
“my own food”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“the problem of racial relationships”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“heavy dresses and things”: SPB to Issa Breckinridge, Feb. 1, 1887, BFP.
“I ache to get out and work”: SPB to WCPB, March 20, 1887, BFP.
“The great contradiction”: Fitzpatrick, Endless Crusade, 8.
“in chemistry, botany and such sciences”: WCPB to SPB, Oct. 22, 1884, BFP.
208 women lawyers: Report on Population of the United States at the 11th Census: 1890. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1895.
Ada Kepley: Norgren, Rebels at the Bar, 36.
state bar associations, however, that proved: Ibid., 36–38.
“feminine wiles”: Ibid., 109.
“were designed by God”: Ibid., 39.
“natural and proper timidity”: Ibid., 42.
“mix professionally with all the nastiness”: Ibid., 65–66.
Ada Hulett: Ibid., 36–37.
Belva Lockwood: Ibid., 87–92.
only two women practicing law: Ibid., 156.
“I wish you would be very clear”: SPB to WCPB, March 9, 1887, BFP.
“good girl”: SPB to WCPB, June 10, 1887, BFP.
“She would be a valuable acquisition”: Quoted in Klotter, Breckinridges of Kentucky, 198.
“penchant for a professional career”: “Congressman Breckinridge’s Daughter’s Legal Studies,” NYT, Nov. 28, 1892.
“I had expected to study law”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“I had promised myself”: Ibid.
“did a good deal of the housework”: Ibid.
“incredible number”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 105.
“at homes”: Ibid., 107.
“fashionable”: Ibid., 95.
“welsh rabbits”: Ibid., 112.
“I fear in my scamper”: Ibid., 97–98.
“family claim”: Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 71.
“hard years”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“The salary was”: Ibid.
“it was hard enough”: Ibid.
“I don’t expect Sodom and Gomorrah”: Mary Desha to Breckinridge family, Sept. 16, 1888, BFP.
“muskets instead of shears”: Aron, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Civil Service, 70.
“The truth is”: Ibid., 71.
“war smitten and impoverished South”: Ibid., 46.
“pay such miserable prices”: Ibid., 45.
“special center”: Quoted in Moldow, Women Doctors in Gilded Age Washington, 10.
“heroines and pioneers”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 89.
“plan her conferences”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“colored and white ladies”: “Women’s War Still On,” WP, March 9, 1891.
“colored men to the entertainments”: “No Color Line Drawn,” WP, March 7, 1891.
“the executive ability of a Yankee”: “Women of High Rank,” WP, Feb. 8, 1891.
“Were there no mothers”: WP, July 13, 1890.
“determined that the contribution”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“daring feat of horsemanship”: “Women of High Rank,” WP, Feb. 8, 1891.
“brought in members by the thousands”: Foraker, I Would Live It Again, 137.
“quite ill for some time”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“One word suffices abundantly”: “’88 Class Letters: 1890–1891,” Wellesley College Archives.
“I am glad that you are studying law”: WCPB to SPB, July 19, 1891, BFP.
asked for a study the organization had done: SPB to Marion Talbot, Jan. 3, 1882, BFP.
“I have seen young girls suffer”: Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 70.
“The law practice”: WCPB to SPB, Sept. 4, 1891, BFP.
“more wholesome”: WCPB to SPB, June 28, 1891, BFP.
“you will find”: WCPB to SPB, June 4, 1892, BFP.
“gives me a better idea”: WCPB to SPB, Nov. 7, 1891, BFP.
“entirely herself”: WCPB to SPB, Nov. 30, 1891, BFP.
“better today than she had been”: WCPB to SPB, June 9, 1892, BFP.
“I hardly know exactly”: WCPB to SPB, July 5, 1892, BFP.
“made up his mind”: WCPB to SPB, June 4, 1892, BFP.
“veracity, courage, affection”: WCPB to SPB, Nov. 13, 1891, BFP.
“advantages of college”: Addams, “Twenty Years at Hull House,” 71–72.
“Bowery boys can be found”: Quoted in Fitzpatrick, Endless Crusade, 10.
“day to day was often so exhausting”: SPB to Madeline McDowell, Sept. 20, 1893, in Hay, Madeline McDowell Breckinridge, 33.
“Neither really loved me”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“more pulled down”: Desha Breckinridge to WCPB, Aug. 31, 1893, BFP.
“But when she tried”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“do some work along”: SPB to Madeline McDowell, Sept. 20, 1893, in Hay, Madeline McDowell Breckinridge, 37.
“I shall do some work”: SPB to WCPB, Sept. 6, 1893, BFP.
“seems a great deal”: SPB to WCPB, Jan. 11, 1894, BFP.
“I am very anxious”: WCPB to Desha Breckinridge, Jan. 22, 1894, BFP.
“To tell the truth”: SPB to WCPB, Jan. 27, 1894, BFP.
“until some time”: Enoch Totten to WCPB, Nov. 24, 1893, BFP.
“I wrote to you some little”: Lydia M. Fox to WCPB, June 5, 1893, BFP.
“sent several letters”: Hoffman House to WCPB, Aug. 6, 1893, BFP.
“very worthy liveryman”: James Moore to WCPB, July 27, 1893, BFP.
“was not adequate”: SPB Autobiography, SBP.
“would take the best part”: Carpenter, Carp’s Washington, 2.
six live-in servants: 1870 U.S. Federal Census (database online). Ancestry.com.
“the advantages he had enjoyed”: Chalkley, Magic Casements, 23.
“I am thoroughly convinced”: Charles Stoll to WCPB, Jan. 16, 1894, BFP.
10. A HOUSE OF MERCY
“wide formal avenues”: Hall, Travels in North America, vol. 3, 1.
“a great, sprawling country village”: Stern, So Much in a Lifetime, 99.
a quarter million: Table 12, “Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1890, U.S. Bureau of the Census,” June 15, 1998,
https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab12.txt.
“fairy-tale sense of instability”: Carpenter, Carp’s Washington, 4.
“it has sprung up in a morning”: Ibid., 5.
“capital’s various charms”: Jacobs, Capital Elites, 168.
“beautiful homes with large ballrooms”: Ibid., 147.
“rootless rich”: Ibid., 171.
“it is the fashion”: Quoted in Jacobs, Capital Elites, 168–69.
“the season”: Ibid., 178.
“Houses had been opened up”: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 251.
“brilliant”: Foraker, I Would Live It Again, 6.
“rich, spectacular New York-crowd-with-the-names”: Ibid., 7.
“There is enough silk worn here”: Carpenter, Carp’s Washington, 91.
“monumental floral decorations”: Ibid., 88.
“pink and gold” Valentine’s luncheon: “St. Valentine Luncheons,” NYT, Feb. 15, 1891.
“drifting in the dead-water of the fin-de-siècle”: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 259.
“a vast army of unemployed”: “Helping the Destitute,” WES, Nov. 30, 1893.
“pitiful tale”: Charles Stoll to JAT, Jan. 22, 1894, in Tucker, TRMP, 16.
“Don’t you know”: JAT to Charles Stoll, Jan. 27, 1884, in Tucker, TRMP, 21.
“delighted”: Ibid., 20.
“carefully curtained windows”: JAT to Charles Stoll, Jan. 30, 1894, in Tucker, TRMP, 23.
“overcoming a strong desire”: Ibid.
“My child”: Ibid., 24.
“going to tell a lie”: Ibid., 24–25.
“could not stand it”: Ibid., 25.
“this resolve on your part”: Ibid., 25–26.
“appalling proposition”: Ibid., 26.
“miserable sinking feeling”: Ibid., 28.
“in a false position”: Ibid.
“a teacher”: Ibid., 29.
“seems determined to tell”: Ibid., 30.
“the woman’s ward of a prison”: Ibid., 31.
“The tea certainly was”: Ibid., 31–32.
“None of them seem”: Ibid., 32.
Sisters of the Good Shepherd: Wood, The Freedom of the Streets, 190.
“millionaire evangelist”: Kunzel, Fallen Women, Problem Girls, 14.
“social purity”: Pivar, Purity Crusade, 111–13.
Working Girls Society: Ibid., 108–9.
“grandeur of womanhood”: “The Welfare of Women,” NYT, April 16, 1890.
“a house of refuge”: “The House of Mercy,” Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Sept. 18, 1884.
“deserving indigent and unprotected females”: “‘Infant Asylum’ Undergoes Renovations,” WP, March 22, 2011.
“The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon”: Pivar, Purity Crusade, 133.
WCTU also started campaigning: Ibid., 104–5.
“Please accept this little outcast”: “Notes pinned to babies at the Foundling Asylum,” in Ephemeral New York, records from the New York Foundling Hospital from a collection at the New-York Historical Society, https://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-notes-pinned-to-babies-at-the-foundling-asylum.
“fancy dress” and “excitement”: Kunzel, Fallen Women, Problem Girls, 31, 28.
“disproportionate number of the fallen women”: Deutsch, Women and the City, 59.
“dissipation and degradation”: “Reclaiming Fallen Women,” WP, May 2, 1887.
“taught to sympathize”: Tucker, TRMP, 19.
“the necessity of suspending judgment”: “Discussing Society Purity,” WP, May 2, 1887.
“that this woman was really ruined”: Tucker, TRMP, 21.
“very well indeed”: Ibid., 35.
“Her face is almost repulsive”: Ibid., 33–34.
“When she smiles”: Ibid., 34.
“no idea beds”: Ibid., 31.
“cold, cheerless”: Ibid., 36.
“and generally had whatever she wanted”: Ibid., 38.
“stood all the time”: Ibid., 39.
“the luxury of”: Ibid., 43.
“small, weak voice”: Ibid., 40–41.
“the soft side of a pine board”: Ibid., 31.
“fairy tales”: Ibid., 41.
“real prisoner”: Ibid., 42.
“hardly keep back the tears”: Ibid., 44.
“quite confidential”: Ibid., 45.
“begin life anew”: Ibid., 46.
“the pleasantest sort of Bohemian life”: Ibid., 47.
“vexed and disappointed”: Ibid., 55.
“sort of a household drudge”: Ibid., 56.
“vexed her by some little impertinence”: Ibid., 56–57.
“too ill to get up”: Ibid., 63.
“gave him all her girlhood”: Ibid., 64.
“how she had discovered his infidelity”: Ibid., 66.
“strength giving out”: Ibid., 71.
“I am getting out of prison”: Ibid., 68.
“in a sort of stage whisper”: Ibid., 69.
“marble calm”: Ibid., 69.
“a very bitter fight”: Ibid., 69.
“like an Arctic explorer”: Ibid., 71.
“I was simply starved”: Ibid., 71.
“due to a lack of courage”: Ibid., 75.
“the sisters objected to me”: Ibid., 71.
“I think a cold chill”: Charles Stoll to WCPB, Jan. 31, 1884, BFP.
“contemptuous authority”: Tucker, TRMP, 70.
“It is like a jail there”: Ibid., 79.
“I did the best”: Ibid., 79.
“out of the question”: Ibid., 73.
“a certain quick wit”: Ibid., 72.
“a very good actress”: Ibid., 73.
“parents were Kentuckians”: Ibid., 48.
“I thought you were one of those dreadful reporters”: Ibid., 61.
“Mr. S’s associates seem to think”: JAT to Mary Tucker, Feb. 6, 1894, TFP.
11. A GOOD WOMAN
“a little icy”: Tucker, TRMP, 81.
“The day my suit”: Ibid., 98.
“had gone about among Madeline’s”: Ibid., 86.
“would not have to be stared at”: Ibid., 83.
“the money to square”: WCPB to Charles Stoll, Feb. 21, 1894, BFP.
“How are you for money”: Desha Breckinridge to WCPB, Feb. 17, 1894, BFP.
“tried to employ him to produce an abortion”: Robert J. Breckinridge to WCPB, Oct. 10, 1893, BFP.
“letting her get sick on their hands”: Charles Stoll to WCPB, Feb. 8, 1894, BFP.
“did some work”: D. Robertson to Charles Stoll, Feb. 15, 1894, BFP.
“absolute falsity of all the more serious”: WCPB to Al Core, Jan. 9, 1894, BFP.
“disorder consequent upon child-birth”: “Madeline Helped by Lady Doctors,” CE, Feb. 11, 1894.
“The name Louise Wilson means nothing”: Charles Stoll to WCPB, Feb. 10, 1894, BFP.
“she and the Buchanan woman had performed”: Charles Stoll to WCPB, Feb. 3, 1894, BFP.
“went into hysterics”: “Scenes Shift in the Famous Case,” CE, March 22, 1894.
“took therefrom a copy of Washington Irving”: “Here in Cincy the Pollard Case Is to Be,” CE, Feb. 27, 1894.
“she must be a bad woman”: Sister Sebastian to Miss Todd, Dec. 28, 1894, BFP.
“Oh no. I was a bad girl”: “Fair Madeline and Colonel Billy,” LMT, Feb. 15, 1894.
“decidedly in favor of Colonel Breckinridge”: “Madeline Pollard,” LMT, Feb. 13, 1894.
“She could not bear to talk of it”: Tucker, TRMP, 102.
“I cannot give this up now”: Ibid., 100.
“unsophisticated”: Ibid., 82.
“by no means able”: Enoch Totten to WCPB, Feb. 23, 1894, BFP.
“rather the best lawyer”: WCPB to “Hinton,” Feb. 22, 1894, BFP.
“I am in a hole”: WCPB to Enoch Totten, Feb. 25, 1894, BFP.
“a mock marriage”: “A Bad Woman,” LCJ, Feb. 17, 1894.
“formerly a sporting woman”: Ibid.
“caused frequent family disturbances”: Ibid.
“the mistress of James Rhodes”: Ibid.
“she told her that her father”: “They Came Near Fighting,” LMT, Feb. 16, 1894.
“a sensation of great magnitude”: “Dead Involved; The Late Col. A. M. Swope Dragged into the Breckinridge Case,” LCJ, Feb. 20, 1894.
“bombshell”: “Scandalized the Name of Col. Swope,” CE, Feb. 20, 1894.
“intensely favorable to Miss Pollard”: “‘Willie,’ That’s What Miss Pollard Called the Colonel,” CE, Feb. 19, 1894.
“came into the parlor”: Ibid.
“looked shocked”: Ibid.
in the spring of 1857: Baird, Luke Pryor Blackburn, 18.
“This seems to me: “‘Willie,’ That’s What Miss Pollard Called the Colonel,” CE, Feb. 19, 1894.
“she was a woman”: “‘Willie,’ That’s What Miss Pollard Called the Colonel,” CE, Feb. 19, 1894.
“appalled”: Ibid.
“terrible denouement”: “Mrs. Blackburn’s Deposition,” LCJ, Feb. 21, 1894.
“star-chamber”: “‘Willie,’ That’s What Miss Pollard Called the Colonel,” CE, Feb. 19, 1894.
“Blackburn put things into my mouth”: WCPB to “Hinton,” Feb. 22, 1894, BFP.
“a gang in Lexington”: WCPB to John Andrew Steel, Dec. 13, 1893, BFP.
“those who have been disappointed”: WCPB to Al Core, Jan. 9, 1894, BFP.
“unqualifiedly false”: “Mock Marriage,” LCJ, Feb. 21, 1894.
“very drunk”: “More Testimony,” LMT, Feb. 21, 1894.
“that he had pulled up the plaintiff’s”: Notes to file, Breckinridge case file, n.d., BFP.
“I mean no disrespect”: “Mock Marriage,” LCJ, Feb. 21, 1894.
“on account of the reputation”: Ibid.
“had attended Mrs. Pollard”: “Mrs. L. P. Blackburn,” LMT, Feb. 21, 1894.
“generally quarreled all the time”: “He Loved Her,” LCJ, Feb. 23, 1894.
“saying that he had an important case”: Ibid.
“friendship led to an engagement”: Ibid.
“a double life”: “Madeline Pollard Accompanied by Her Attorney,” LMT, Feb. 13, 1894.
“he said he was educating”: “Her Character,” LCJ, Feb. 24, 1894.
“his girl”: Ibid.
“soon fell in love”: Ibid.
“prove every thing”: Desha Breckinridge to WCPB, Feb. 23, 1894, BFP.
Bringing Down the Colonel Page 40
