The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics

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The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics Page 41

by Andrew Small


  jihadis 65, 68–91, 109–16, 136–7, 145, 177

  Jinnah, Muhammad Ali 79

  jirgas 110

  Joint Action Plan, Afghanistan157

  Jordan 12

  Jundul Hafsa 172

  K2 base, Kyrgyzstan 134

  Kabul-Jalalabad road 132, 135

  Kabul, Afghanistan 73, 75, 114, 117, 118, 120, 124, 126, 128, 129, 132–3, 135, 138, 139, 140, 158, 185, 187, 188Kabul Zoo 132

  Kahuta, Punjab 33, 34, 40, 43, 149

  Kalashnikov rifles 65, 83, 123

  Kamra air force base, Pakistan 154

  Kandahar, Afghanistan xi, 128–9, 132, 139

  Kandahar-Kabul road 139

  Kang Sheng 77

  Kaplan, Robert 120

  Karachi, Sindh 18, 19, 40, 61, 73, 77, 93, 94, 100, 101, 103, 105, 115, 124, 154, 171

  Karachi Airport 178

  Karachi Nuclear Power Complex 174–5, 184

  Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works 108

  Karachi Stock Exchange x

  Karachi University 128

  Karakoram Highway xv, 4, 70–1, 99–100, 101, 105–7, 115, 121, 167, 172–3, 185

  Karakoram Mountains 99, 106, 107, 121, 124, 167, 172

  Kargil War 16, 57–9, 150, 166

  Karimov, Islam 134

  Karshi-Khanabad, Uzbekistan 133

  Karzai, Hamid 117, 118, 121, 124, 134, 140–2, 160, 161

  Kashgar, Xinjiang 71, 72, 85–6, 99, 185

  Kashgarabad, Rawalpindi 73, 81

  Kashmir x, xi, 10, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24–5, 45, 47, 49, 54, 57–9, 65, 77–9, 150, 166, 186

  1959 Sino-Pakistani border map controversy 21

  1965 Indo-Pakistani War 3, 9, 17–19, 45, 57, 77, 78, 186

  1984 Indian seizure of Siachen Glacier 57

  1999 Kargil War 16, 57–9, 150, 166

  Line of Control 54, 57, 59, 77, 169, 176

  Kayani, Ashfaq 114, 167, 175–7

  Kazakhstan 69, 71, 72, 76, 99, 169

  Kenya 44, 127

  Kerry-Lugar bill 159

  KGB 73

  Khalid, Muhammad Mumtaz 105

  History of the Karakoram Highway 186

  Khan Research Laboratories 28, 34

  Khan, Abdul Qadeer 27–9, 33, 34, 35, 38–9, 41, 43, 44, 62, 187

  Khan, Feroz

  Eating Grass: the Making of the Pakistani Bomb 187

  Khan, Gul Hassan 13

  Khan, Imran 167, 178

  Khan, Riaz Mohammad

  ‘Pakistan-China Relations: An Overview’ 186

  Khan, Sultan 13

  Khartoum, Sudan 104

  Khawaja, Khalid 89

  Khost, Afghanistan 75

  Khrushchev, Nikita 32

  Khunjerab pass, Karakoram Mountains 99, 106, 107, 121, 124

  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 167, 168

  Abbottabad 44, 155–7, 176, 184

  Badaber, 20

  Charsadda 88

  Dera Ismail Khan 88, 110

  Peshawar, xv, 73, 76, 111, 115, 125, 185

  Swabi 88

  Swat 113–14, 115, 152

  Tank 109

  Kidwai, Khalid 46

  Kimili, Wimiyar Ging 68–9

  Kingho Group 115

  Kissinger, Henry 9, 10–12, 14, 36, 37

  Kong Jining 124

  Korea, Democratic People’s

  Republic of (DPRK) 28, 29, 41, 99, 153, 154, 180, 183

  Korea, Republic of (ROK) 119

  Korean War 32

  Korla, Xinjiang 37

  Kunduz, Afghanistan 136

  Kunming, Yunnan 85, 170, 177

  Kunming-Calcutta car rally 170

  Kuomintang 21

  Kyrgyzstan 69, 72, 76, 133–4

  2005 Tulip Revolution 134

  Ladakh 18, 169

  Lahore, Punjab 17, 156, 185

  Lahore International Airport 17

  Lal Masjid, Islamabad ix–x, xi–xvi, 88, 89, 111, 113, 115, 172, 178, 185

  landmines 134

  Landsman, David 27

  Lanzhou, Gansu 84

  Laos 180

  Lashkar-e-Taiba 61, 154, 174

  Lashkar-e-Jhangvi 174

  Leh, Jammu and Kashmir 57

  Lhasa riots (2008) 87

  Li Jue 27, 33

  Li Keqiang 47, 169–71, 173, 178

  Li Peng 58, 59

  Libya 27–8, 35, 50, 62, 104

  2004 A.Q. Khan nuclear proliferation scandal 27–8, 35, 62

  2011 Civil War 104

  Lilley, James 37

  Lin Biao 14, 94

  Line of Control, Kashmir 54, 57, 59, 77, 169, 176

  Liu Jieyi 68

  Liu Shaoqi 17, 18

  Liu Wei 33

  Lockheed C-130 Hercules 34

  Lockheed P-3 Orion 29

  Logar province, Afghanistan 118–21, 132, 135, 137–9, 141, 157

  London, England 77, 112, 165

  Long March 30, 31

  Long War Journal 187

  Lop Nur, Xinjiang 41, 69

  Lower Dir, Swat Valley 113

  Lu Shulin 128–9

  Luo Zhaohui xii–xiii, xv, 160

  M-9 and M-11 missiles 40–1, 149

  madrassas ix, xi, 67, 71, 72–3, 81

  Mahley, Donald 27

  Mahsum, Hasan 75, 83, 147

  majlis shura 145

  Makran Coastal Highway 101

  Malacca Strait 12, 103

  Malik, Abdul 167

  Manas, Kyrgyzstan 133–4

  mangoes 94–5

  Manipur 77

  Mao Zedong 1, 14, 15, 18–19, 20, 22, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 76, 77, 90, 94, 124, 176,

  Maoism 77, 124–5

  Maritime Silk Road 178

  Marjan the lion 132

  Markey, Daniel 187

  Marriott Hotel, Islamabad 172

  Marxism 73

  Matuq, Matuq Mohammed 27

  Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan 127

  Mecca, Saudi Arabia 69, 71

  Médecins Sans Frontières 136

  Medeiros, Evan 187

  Mediterranean Sea 1, 105

  Mehran Naval Base, Karachi 115, 154

  Mehsud, Abdullah 110–11

  Mehsud, Baitullah 89, 90, 146

  Meng Jianzhu 177

  Mes Aynak, Afghanistan 138

  MiG 21s 126

  mining 108, 115, 118–21, 132, 135, 137–9, 141–2, 159

  Mintaka pass 21, 107

  Mir Ali, North Waziristan 146

  Mirs 21

  missiles 28, 40–3, 44, 64, 107, 125–6, 128, 134

  Mizoram 77

  Model of State-to-State Relations, A 186

  Modi, Narenda 65

  Mohamadi, Joma Mohammad 117–18

  Mohan, Raja 45

  Mongolia 69

  Muhammad, Prophet of Islam 40

  mujahideen xi, 35, 57, 72, 74–5, 77–9, 118, 123–6, 136, 183

  Mukhtar, Chaudhry Ahmed 104

  Mullen, Michael 138

  Mumbai, India 170

  Musharraf, Pervez x, xii, xiii, xiv, 57–8, 59, 62, 84, 93, 98, 101, 110–11, 113, 114, 131, 132, 151, 166

  Muslim Khan 113, 114

  Mustafa, Ghulam 171

  Myanmar 170, 183; see also Burma

  Nagaland 77

  Nairobi, Kenya 44, 127

  Najibullah, Mohammad 126, 127

  Namangani, Juma 75–6, 83

  Nanga Parbat, Gilgit-Baltistan 172–3

  Nangarhar, Afghanistan 129

  Naqvi, Syed Ali Zamin 35

  narcotics 135

  National Board for Scientific Research (Libya) 27

  National Command Authority (Pakistan) 29

  National Crisis Management Cell (Pakistan) 111

  National Security Council (United States) 125

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 36, 79, 125, 139, 150, 152

  natural gas 69

  Naxalites 77

  Nehru, Jawaharlal 21, 22, 23, 53

  NEO (non-combatant evacuation operation) 1
04

  Netherlands 33, 39, 50

  New Delhi, India 170, 184

  New York, United States 9–10, 11, 112, 140, 165

  New Zealand 50, 63

  ‘Next 11’ (Goldman Sachs) 98

  Ninth Bureau 33

  Nisar, Chaudry 172

  Nixon, Richard Milhous 1, 9, 10–12

  Nodong missiles 28, 41

  Non-Aligned Movement 20

  Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 32, 49–50, 62

  Norinco 108

  Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia 149

  North Korea see Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of

  North Vietnam see Vietnam, Democratic Republic of

  North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan xii, 133

  Northern Alliance 125

  Northern Light Infantry (Pakistan) 57

  Norway 50, 146

  NSA (National Security Agency) 20

  nuclear power 62–4, 107, 170, 171, 174–5, 184, 186, 187

  Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) 49–52, 62–3, 175

  nuclear weapons 25, 27–46, 49–57, 61–4, 69, 155

  Nuristan, Afghanistan 134

  Obama, Barack 5, 43, 145, 148, 151, 159

  Observer Research Foundation 45

  oil 69, 139–41

  Olympic Games 2008, Beijing xiii, 69, 84–5, 90, 146

  Oman 100, 104

  Omar, Haji Mohammad 111

  Omar, Mullah Muhammad xi, 89, 127, 128, 129, 133, 177

  Operation Silence see Lal Masjid

  Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 87

  Osirak reactor, Iraq 34

  Ottaway, David 44

  P-3 Orion see Lockheed P-3 Orion 29

  P1 centrifuges 38–9

  Pakistan

  1947

  Indo-Pakistani War 77

  1959

  United States-Pakistan bilateral security agreement 11, 20

  Sino-Pakistani border map controversy 21

  1962

  Sino-Indian War 23–5

  1963

  Sino-Pakistani Agreement 24, 107

  1965

  Indo-Pakistani War 3, 9, 17–19, 45, 57, 77, 78, 186

  1966

  Khunjerab force begins work on Karakoram Highway 106

  1968

  Mian Arshad Hussain visits Beijing 93–4

  1971

  Karakoram Highway opening ceremony 106

  Indo-Pakistani War 3, 9–16, 29, 77, 103, 106, 148, 183

  1978

  second Karakoram Highway opening ceremony 106

  1979–1989

  Soviet War in Afghanistan 78–9, 124–6

  1981

  United States military and economic assistance agreement 36, 38

  1984

  Indian seizure of Siachen Glacier 57

  1989

  Hatf missile test 40

  1990

  United States imposes sanctions on Pakistan 149

  1996

  Jiang Zemin makes state visit 48–9

  1998

  nuclear tests 41, 54–7, 150

  1999

  Lahore declaration 59

  Prince Sultan of Saudi Arabia visits Kahuta nuclear enrichment facility 43

  Kargil War 16, 57–9, 150, 166

  2001–2002

  Twin Peaks Crisis 60, 150

  Kunduz airlift 136

  2001–2014

  Afghanistan War x, xii, 109, 131–43, 151–2, 157–62, 163

  2003

  Cessna 402B plane crash in Arabian Sea 117–19

  Hahsan Mahsum killed by Pakistan Army in South Waziristan 147

  2004

  Pakistan Army begins operations in South Waziristan 109

  A.Q. Khan nuclear proliferation scandal 27–9, 35

  Baloch Liberation Army attacks on Gwadar 102, 137

  kidnapping of Sinohydro engineers in South Waziristan 109–11, 113

  2005

  Treaty of Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation 30

  2006

  Pervez Musharraf makes state visit to China 62

  Sino-Pakistani joint counterterrorism exercises in Abbottabad 155

  2007

  Lal Masjid hostage crisis and siege ix–x, xii–xvi, 88, 89, 111, 113, 115, 185

  Chinese workers killed in Peshawar xv, 111

  China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement 98

  Gwadar bus bombing 102

  Chinese consortium wins Aynak mining contract 120, 133, 137

  2008

  global financial crisis 96–7, 115

  Indian embassy bombing in Kabul 114

  Asif Zardari makes state visit to China, kidnapping of ZTE engineers in Swat Valley 112–14, 115, 165, 173

  Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing 172

  Mumbai attacks 46, 60–1, 150, 154

  2009

  Taliban take control of Swat Valley 152

  Pakistan hands over nine Uighur militants to China 147

  Jamaat-e-Islami meeting with IDCPC 68

  Kerry-Lugar bill 159

  Camp Chapman attack in Afghanistan 156

  2010

  Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam meeting with IDCPC 67–8

  United States drone strike in Zor Babar Aidak 146

  2011

  Raymond Davis incident 156

  assassination of Osama Bin Laden 16, 44, 155–7, 176, 184

  Mehran naval base attack 115, 154

  NATO attack on Salala 160

  Imran Khan visits Beijing 167

  International Conference on Afghanistan, Istanbul 142, 160

  International Conference on Afghanistan, Bonn 142, 160

  2012

  Ashfaq Kayani visits China 175–6

  killing of Hua Jiang in Peshawar 115, 185

  shipment of mangoes to China 94

  Abu Yahya al-Libi killed in United States drone strike 146

  Uzbeks killed in United States drone strike 146

  United States drone strikes in Shawal Valley 145

  2013

  elections 176

  Chinese engineers targeted in Karachi bomb attack 171

  Li Keqiang visits Pakistan 170–1

  Nanga Parbat tourist shootings 172–3

  Nawaz Sharif visits China 165, 173–4

  Ashfaq Kayani visits China 176

  groundbreaking ceremony for new project at Karachi Nuclear Power Complex 174–5

  2014

  IMU attack on Karachi Airport 178

  North Waziristan Operation 178

  Pakistan Aeronautical Complex 108

  Pakistan Air Force 136, 171

  Pakistan Army 109, 147, 154–5, 178

  General Headquarters, Rawalpindi 14, 15, 154

  Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission 34

  Pakistan Muslim League

  Nawaz (PML-N) 165–7, 173

  Quaid e Azam Group (PML-Q) xiii

  Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) 112, 115, 165, 173

  Pakistani Military Academy 79

  Paktel 108

  Paktia, Afghanistan 75, 78

  pan-Turkism 73, 74

  Panchsheel Treaty 20

  Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan 72

  Pantucci, Raffaello 186

  Paris, France 185

  Parwan irrigation project 132

  Pasha, Ahmed Shuja 86, 114, 161

  Pashtunwali 162

  Pei Yuanying 105

  People’s Armed Police (China) 138

  People’s Daily 18, 55, 94, 105

  People’s Liberation Army (PLA) xiv, 14, 22, 30, 36–7, 40, 64–5, 77, 90, 94, 123–4, 128, 149, 164, 169, 172, 180–1, 183

  People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) 104

  Perkovich, George

  India’s Nuclear Bomb: the Impact on Global Proliferation 187

  Persian Gulf 1, 67, 91, 93, 98, 100, 103

  Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa xv, 73, 76, 111, 115, 125, 185

  Petersen, Alexandros 188

  Philippines 96

  Phoenix TV 130

  PIA
(Pakistan International Airlines) 10

  Pierre Hotel, New York 9–10

  Pillsbury, Michael 36

  Plassnik, Ursula 50

  PNS Azmat 108

  Pokhran-I nuclear test 32

  Pokhran-II nuclear test 54–5

  Poly Technologies 107

  Popal, Ahmad Rateb 117, 139, 141

  Popal, Rashid 139

  Pope, Hugh

  Sons of the Conquerors: The Rise of the Turkic World 67

  Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) 101, 102, 105

  Predator see General Atomics MQ-1 Predator

  Presidential Palace, Islamabad xi

  Punjab, Pakistan 151, 166, 174

  Chashma complex 62–4, 171, 175, 184

  Kahuta 33, 34, 40, 43, 149

  Lahore 17, 156, 185

  Rawalpindi 14, 15, 40, 71, 72, 73, 81, 89, 154, 171, 176

  Sargodha 40

  Taxila 48, 108

  Qadir, Manzur 24

  Qazi Hussain Ahmad 68

  Qian Qichen 55

  Qinghua University, Beijing 94

  Qitai, Xinjiang 37

  Queens College, New York 140

  Quetta, Balochistan 101, 129, 133, 137, 162

  Quetta Shura 129, 137, 162

  Quran 72

  Radar Warning Receiver 38

  Rajasthan, India 54

  RAND Corporation 97

  Raphel, Arnold 126

  Rashid, Ahmed 127

  Jihad: The Rise of Military Islam in Central Asia 187

  Ratodero, Sindh 101

  Rawalpindi, Punjab 14, 15, 40, 71, 72, 73, 81, 89, 154, 171, 176

  Raza, Nawabzada Agha Mohammad 20

  Reagan, Ronald 36

  rebalance to Asia 162–4, 178

  Red Guards 94

  Red Mosque see Lal Masjid

  Reuters 142

  Rice, Condoleezza 50, 51

  ring magnets 149

  Roads and Rivals: The Political Uses of Access in The Borderlands of Asia 185–6

  Rolls Royce 37

  Ross, Dennis 43

  Royal Corps of Engineers (British Army) 109

  RPGs (rocket-propelled grenades) 123, 134

  Rubin, Barnett 124, 187

  Rumsfeld, Donald 131

  Russian Empire 118, 122

  Russian Federation 60, 69, 76, 142, 152, 160, 180

  S Wing (ISI) 151

  Saeed Book Bank, Islamabad 187

  Saindak gold and copper mine, Balochistan 118

  Salala, Pakistan 160

  Salalah, Oman 104

  Samore, Gary 43

  Sandhurst, Royal Military Academy, England 31

  Sanjiang Space Group 40

  Sar-e-Pol, Afghanistan 140–1

  Saran, Shyam 52

  sardars 167

  Sargodha, Punjab 40

  Saudi Arabia 12, 42, 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 124, 127, 166

  Saur Revolution (Afghanistan) 122

  Sciences Po 187

  Scud missiles 28

  SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) 20

  September 11 attacks x, 4, 82, 89, 118, 120, 123, 126, 130–1, 147, 150

  Shah M books, Kabul 187

  Shahab, Qudrat Ullah 23

  Shahab-3 missiles 28

  shahada 74

  Shaheen missiles 40–1

 

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