by R. V. Burgin
When the draft finally did catch me, in September of 1942, our crew was in Kentucky. The notice had arrived several weeks before at my parents’ farm near Jewett. I was ordered to report to the local draft board over in Centerville, the Leon County seat. By now there was no time. So I went to the closest draft board I could find, in Catlettsburg, Kentucky, and explained my situation. They said they couldn’t process me. I pointed out that it was all the same military and the same U.S. government. Why couldn’t they process me and send the papers to my local draft board?
We argued for what seemed like the better part of the day. Finally they gave in and examined me and promised to forward the papers to Centerville. After that I quit selling and went home to the farm and waited. The next notice I got was that I was being drafted into the Army. I was to report November 12 to Centerville.
Instead I went down to Houston on the tenth and bunked overnight with a buddy. The next day the Air Force told me there was a six-week waiting list. The Navy recruiter was a smart aleck. So I walked across the street to the Marine Corps office. They examined me, poked and prodded, and then filled out the forms. But I wasn’t twenty-one yet, and the recruiting sergeant told me I needed written permission from a parent or guardian before I could enlist. I figured I was either in the Marines or I was in trouble with the draft board.
That afternoon the recruiter sent a telegram to my father up on the farm. I spent another night with my friend, then got to the recruiting station the next morning just as the recruiter was turning the key in the lock. We stepped inside together. During the night someone had poked a telegram under the door. It was from Papa: Permission granted.
The Marines fed me breakfast and put me on a train to San Antonio. I may have slept on the train that night; I don’t remember. But I do remember that the next morning, November 13, I was sworn in along with dozens of others, mostly kids like myself from hardscrabble farms and small towns all over south Texas. They fed us breakfast and then put us on another train and shipped us west.
* * *
Our second day out, somewhere beyond El Paso, we got our first taste of life in the United States Marine Corps.
We were in New Mexico or Arizona, I figured, rolling through the desert toward California. The whole train was full of recruits. So were dozens of other trains that day, carrying young guys like me to training camps, bases and ports. The railroaders called them “main trains,” because they had priority over everything else on the track.
There were sixty or so of us in our coach, mostly dozing or staring out the windows. We were still wearing our civilian clothes except for one Marine in uniform. He was sitting three seats back from me and across the aisle, and his armband identified him as an MP. A younger man in street clothes was sitting beside him. I assumed he must be some kind of prisoner, because he was doing his best to give the MP a hard time. His mouth had been going since San Antonio. And he was a jitterbug. Every few minutes, it seemed he had to go to the restroom. He’d jump up and the MP would march him to the end of the coach and wait in the aisle while he finished his business, whatever he was doing in there. Then they’d come back down the aisle to their seats. The fellow would flop down and pretty soon his mouth would be running again. If it wasn’t the restroom it was a drink of water or a smoke or some other thing. He had the whole car on edge.
Finally he stood and said something—I didn’t catch what—that pushed the MP over the edge.
“I want you to sit down, shut up and don’t be aggravating me anymore,” the MP snapped. “If you don’t sit down and shut up, I’m going to knock the hell out of you.”
The prisoner kept yacking and the MP got up, billy club in hand. There was a loud crack! and the guy went down with a couple bloody teeth in his lap. For the rest of the trip he sat bleeding into a handkerchief. But he didn’t say a thing.
The rest of that day word went up and down that coach among the recruits: “Yeah, you don’t argue with authority.”
Sometime around eight or nine o’clock the second night out the train pulled into boot camp. We were ordered out of the cars and told to stand with our toes touching a white line on the pavement and with our bags on our right. Then they read out our names and marched us to the barracks.
We couldn’t see a thing in the darkness. That’s the way they always tried to do it with recruits, bring you in at night. You’re disoriented, you can’t get your bearings, you don’t know what’s coming. They’re in charge.
I was apprehensive, but I wasn’t scared. I didn’t think they could dish out anything that I couldn’t handle.
Bunks were double stacked along both walls. Beside each bunk was a wooden chest, which we learned was our locker, and a galvanized pail. We’d find out what the pail was for the next morning. We were in our bunks before midnight. It seemed like I had just closed my eyes when they sounded reveille, right inside the door. And it was loud. The drill instructor was hollering, “Hit the deck, you bunch of sorry punks.”
And we did hit the decks. Guys were banging on the floor, metal bunks were rattling. For the next six weeks those were the sounds that started off every day, our alarm clock: reveille and clanging bunks and the DI shouting at us “punks.” We were never Marines. We were the sorriest bunch of human beings they’d ever set eyes on.
It must have been six a.m., still dark outside. I thought, What the hell have I got myself into?
We marched to the chow line and got breakfast. Then we were ordered to pick up our pails and follow the sergeant. Next everybody lined up for a haircut. In those days long hair was not the style, even if you weren’t in the Marines. But one kid did wear his hair curled and hanging down, like he was proud of it. The barber asked him, “Do you want to keep these curls?”
“Yes, sir, I sure do.”
“Okay,” the barber said. With his clippers he sheared up one side of that kid’s head and down the other. Then he handed the kid his locks. “Here, keep these.”
After haircuts, we went to the supply room, pails in hand, to draw our clothes—socks, shoes, underwear, dungarees. The recruits who had already been through the line were yelling at us, “You’ll be sorry.” The guys behind the counter handing out the clothes were giving us a hard time, too. You had to wear what they gave you. You didn’t go back and exchange it. There were only two sizes in the Marine Corps: too big and too damned big.
They did ask what size shoe you wore, so your shoes always fit good for marching. They were high-tops, maybe ankle length. The smooth side of the leather was on the inside, the rough side out. And every cotton-picking day you had to shine those shoes so the DI could see his face in them. By the end of boot camp, you had them gleaming like a new car. The brown polish came in a little tin they issued along with the clothes, shaving gear, toothpaste and toothbrush, and a bar of soap. It all went into the pail. We had to buy a copy of the little red book, the Marine’s Handbook, for $1. The 242-page “Seventh Edition.” Over the weeks ahead we’d just about memorize it. I think they took $10 out of our first month’s pay for the whole bucketful of goodies.
They told us to strip out of our street clothes, put them in a cardboard box, and write our home address on the outside of the box. That was the last we’d see of our street clothes. Then, with pails in hand, Marine uniforms over our left arms, shoes strung around our necks by their laces, they marched us buck naked back to the barracks. Here they gave us padlocks for our lockers. We drew two sheets, two Marine blankets and a pillowcase each. And we got our dog tags. There was a pair of them on the string, one hanging from the other. They were still brass in those days. Later they went to aluminum. Each was stamped with our name and military identification number. Mine was 496798. We were told the dog tags must remain around our necks at all times. They didn’t tell us then that if we died in combat, one of the dog tags would be sent to an office in Washington as a record of our death. The other would stay with our body and eventually hang from the cross over our grave.
We signed all sorts of p
apers, took some tests, got our shots.
We learned that Marines had their own name for everything. The floors were the deck. The walls were bulkheads, the ceiling was the overhead, stairs were ladders. The bathroom was the head, and was to be kept spotless at all times. We were not to leave the barracks unless we had permission. We were taught how to make up the bunks and how to stow our gear in the lockers. You had to get down on your hands and knees to open them because the key was on the same string as your dog tags, and we were forbidden to take that string off. There was a place for everything and everything had to be in its place.
Two corporals took charge of sixty of us. They were our DIs, and they were to be obeyed. When one of them entered the squad room, whoever saw him first yelled “Attention!” and we all snapped to.
Our rifles were issued a few days later. The M1903 Springfield weighed eight pounds and eleven ounces. We did physical drill every day, and we’d stand holding that heavy rifle at arm’s length, shoulder high—and hold it and hold it. When they got through with us, our arms were so tired that the rifle felt like it weighed eighty pounds.
We drilled with them, but we didn’t fire them yet.
One of the few times I got in trouble was over my rifle. During rifle inspection, you hold the weapon up and the DI grabs it and inspects it. I guess.
I hung on to mine a little too tight. At least that’s what he thought.
“Oh, you love that rifle, do you?” he said.
I said, “Yes, sir!”
Our DIs were corporals, but it was always “Yes, sir!” and “No, sir!”
“Okay, you can sleep with it tonight,” he said. “You put that right in your bunk when you go to bed and you take it out when you get up in the morning. You sleep with that rifle tonight if you like it so well.”
“Yes, sir!”
Sure enough, sometime during the night—I don’t know exactly what time it was—he came around to check if that rifle was in the bunk with me. And it was there, right beside me.
We “dry fired” the rifle for days, practicing the same sequence over and over—align the sight, adjust for wind and distance, breath control, gentle trigger squeeze, follow-through—before we got to shoot live ammunition. On the range some of the guys couldn’t get their arm positioned where the instructor wanted it. When you’re shooting they want that arm squarely under that rifle, straight up and down. Some guys were just not flexible. They couldn’t bring their arm over that far. They had a helluva time. So the DI would take their arm and yank it—uh!—and finally get it where it belonged.
There were three rankings, from Marksman to Sharpshooter up to Expert: I shot Sharpshooter with the .45 pistol and Springfield.
They worked us day and night. They’d come into the barracks at eleven o’clock at night. You hadn’t been in bed maybe an hour, and they’d shout, “We’re moving out! We’re shipping overseas. Get it all together.” We had to get our seabag, our full transport pack, our shelter half, the whole nine yards. We’d hit the streets and they’d march us for an hour and a half. Then we’d come back and get a little sleep and maybe at three o’clock they’d get us up again. We did a lot of running in the sand, and if you weren’t in pretty good shape that was tough. Your foot was slipping back every time it hit the sand. It was like trying to run in one of those dreams where your feet move but you don’t get anywhere.
Our DIs were named Stallings and Simon. Stallings stood about five feet eleven and straight as an arrow. He was an athletic type, and you knew not to mess with him.
Simon was soft-spoken and wore dark glasses. I had a little trouble with him one time in the chow line. When you’re in the chow line you’re at ease. You can move around but you can’t talk.
Fighter planes were buzzing off the runway on North Island, sometimes two at a time and flying real low. I was standing there stargazing at those airplanes, and I said, half to myself, “My God, watch them go!”
Simon walked up to me and stuck his face right up in mine. “You are at ease. Do you understand that?”
Whenever he had something to say to you, Simon got right up in your face and looked you straight in the eye and spoke very softly. I doubt if the third man down the line heard what he said. But you heard what he said. And you knew he meant business.
I thought then, That’s a good tactic. You don’t need to yell and scream at somebody to get something done. Later on I was to make good use of that lesson.
We had school and if anybody dozed off during class, it was so many laps around the parade ground.
Whenever the sleeper would get back, the DI would say, “Are you tired?”
“No, sir!”
“Well, go again.”
He’d come back with his tongue hanging, absolutely give out. And the DI would say, “Are you tired now?”
“A little bit, sir!”
“Do you think you can stay awake, now?”
“Yes, sir!”
We had two sets of fatigues, and whenever we quit for the day we went to the laundry, where there were scrub benches, brushes and soap. We washed the clothes we had worn that day, and put on the fresh set.
One kid thought he could get away with something. He would just wet one set of clothes and hang them out to dry and wear the old set again. The DI caught him and made him strip down to his underwear. Then he lined up the whole platoon in formation out in the street. He took both sets of that guy’s clothes, soaked them, and laid them in the sand and marched us down and about-face and back over those clothes maybe ten times. Then he made the kid go wash them.
Another morning, a guy didn’t shave. Or maybe he shaved, but it wasn’t a close shave. His jaw bristled. The DI got up in his face. “Oh, you forgot to shave this morning.”
He said, “No, sir. I shaved but my face was sore and I didn’t do too good a job.”
“I don’t think you did, either,” the DI said. “Come down and see me this afternoon whenever we get through.”
That afternoon he went in and the DI was sitting there whittling on a piece of wood with a razor blade. He snapped that blade in the razor and tightened it down. Then he said, “Crawl under that bunk.” He handed him the razor and he made him dry shave lying on the floor beneath that bunk.
No doubt about it. They had ways to get our attention. They broke us down. They didn’t only train us physically. They trained us mentally. Boot camp was normally a twelve-week course. They put us through it in six weeks. We were an experiment. They worked us, as this younger generation likes to say, 24-7.
When I went into the Marines, I never thought about killing anybody. By the time that six weeks was up I was lean and I was mean. I can honestly say I could have cut a Jap’s throat and never blinked an eye.
* * *
When we graduated from boot camp we were given the Marine Corps Globe and Anchor to wear on our collars. Only after that did they finally call us Marines. Later classes got a week’s leave to go home and show off to the folks after graduation, but we never got a leave, and my folks never got to see me in uniform. Instead we were trucked twenty or thirty miles over to Camp Elliott, an old Navy base the Marines were using for advanced training. We were assigned to the Ninth Replacement Brigade. The first day or so someone came along and told me, “You’re going to be in the sixty mortars. Report to that tent over there.”
The mortar. I didn’t even know there was such a weapon. That first day they had it set up behind a tent, and we all got acquainted.
The M2 60mm mortar—the 60—is a deadly weapon. One mortar shell can pretty much be depended on to kill everyone within a forty-five-foot radius. It’s a little slower than an artillery shell, but it’s reliable and very effective. The biggest battlefield killer is not the rifle, and not artillery. It’s the mortar. If you’re firing artillery, you fire straight to the target, and it hits at a low angle. But you can fire a mortar at a high angle and it comes almost straight down. It can get into places that artillery and rifle fire can’t. A man can’t hide from a mo
rtar. They said that on Guadalcanal a gunnery sergeant named Lou Diamond put one right down the smokestack of a Japanese ship.
Our classroom was in an open pavilion about thirty feet long, with a metal roof and rows of picnic tables. They had set up a mortar just outside, and the instructor started by giving us the breakdown on the weapon: the base plate, the firing tube, the bipod, the M4 sight, and the rounds themselves. We learned there were six men in a mortar squad— three ammo carriers, a gunner, assistant gunner and the squad leader, who is usually a corporal. In battle the gunner carries the base plate, which weighs about twelve pounds. His assistant carries the tube, which is eight or ten pounds. The squad leader carries the sight, which has a level indicator and is marked for degrees right and left.
A 60mm round weighs three pounds. Around the base of the round there are four firing charges, or increments, tabs of propellant about the size of postage stamps and maybe an eighth of an inch thick. You leave the increments on or pull them off depending on how far you want to fire the round. If your target is, say, fifteen hundred yards away, you leave all four of them on. If it’s fifty yards, you take off all but one.
They call mortars “hip pocket artillery.” The whole deal—base, bipod, tube and sight—sets up in seconds. The most complicated thing is getting the round on target. When you’re dug in, you set an aiming stake out in front of the mortar and zero in the sight on that. The squad leader is probably twenty-five or thirty yards ahead, on the front lines with the riflemen. He’s wired in to the gunner by what we called a sound-powered phone. He calls in the range to the target, number of degrees right or left of the aiming stake, and gives the commands to fire. The gunner makes adjustments on the tube and his assistant drops in the round. The kill radius is about forty-five feet.
At Camp Elliott they trained us and trained us. I got to where I could set up the mortar in my sleep. But I didn’t get to fire the 60 but once or twice all the time I was in the States. I began to wonder if we would ever get to put this skill to use.
