[>] The timing of: Meyer Berger, “American Soldier—One Year After,”New York Times, November 23, 1941.
[>] “hell hole”: Francis A. O’Brien, Battling for Saipan (New York: Ballantine, 2003), 9–11.
[>] “You’ll haul coal”: Marion Hargrove, See Here, Private Hargrove (New York: Pocket Books, 1942), 1, 3 (emphasis added).
[>] a “field uniform”: Frederick Simpich, “Around the Clock with Your Soldier Boy,”National Geographic, July 1941, pp. 3, 23.
[>] mop handle: Berger, “American Soldier.”
[>] At Fort McClellan: O’Brien, Battling for Saipan, 9–11.
[>] “troops carried wooden”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York: Doubleday, 1948), 7.
[>] Up at 6:00 a.m.: “Army Morale,”Life, December 23, 1940, p. 55.
[>] men would crawl: Alonzo G. Grace, Educational Lessons from Wartime Training (Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1948), 16, 26–29.
[>] “You learned that”: James J. Fahey, Pacific War Diary (New York: Zebra Books, 1963), 5.
[>] most men preferred: What the Soldier Thinks: A Monthly Digest of War Department Studies on the Attitudes of American Troops, vol. 1, no. 1 (Washington, D.C.: War Department, Morale Services Division, Army Service Forces, December 1943), 15; available at the website of the George C. Marshall Foundation, http://staging.gibsondesign.com/marshall/library/publications_soldier_thinks.html.
[>] At Georgia’s Fort Benning: “Army Morale,” 55.
[>] “light and sinful”: The Soldier’s Pocket-Book (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1861), 2.
[>] “soldiers in the field”: Homer B. Sprague, “Some Lessons of the War: An Old Soldier’s Conclusions as to What It All Comes To,”Advocate of Peace 77, no. 2 (February 1915), 41.
[>] mélange of civilian: Vice Adm. Albert Gleaves, “Books and Reading for the Navy, and What They Have Meant in the War,”Bulletin of the American Library Association 13, no. 3 (July 1919), 156.
[>] “made life worth”: Maj. Thomas Marshall Spaulding, “Shall We Forget the Soldier?,”North American Review 214, no. 788 (July 1921), 34–35.
[>] After World War I: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 15.
[>] “a valuable means”: Col. Edward L. Munson, “Libraries and Reading as an Aid to Morale,”Bulletin of the American Library Association 13, no. 3 (July 1919), 135.
[>] As the nation: Letter from Edwin Ward to Julia Wright Merrill, January 6, 1942, Victory Book Campaign Records, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations (hereinafter VBC Records).
[>] Raymond L. Trautman: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 20–23.
[>] wiped clean: ALA Executive Board Meeting, October 6–8, 1941, document dated September 20, 1941; Memorandum for Colonel Watrous regarding the Report of Library Activities, VBC Records.
[>] “Books are available”: Letter from Marie Loizeaux to Julius King dated August 30, 1941, VBC Records.
[>] 1941 annual meeting: “Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign, 1942–1943,” VBC Records.
[>] Overcome by the: Memorandum of Meeting in Washington, D.C., held on October 9, 1941, VBC Records.
[>] blueprint for the project: “Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign.”
[>] “#1 in the field”: Memorandum, “USO for National Defense, Inc.,” VBC Records.
[>] “Before opening”: Martha Boaz, Fervent and Full of Gifts: The Life of Althea Warren (New York: Scarecrow Press, 1961), 45–46.
[>] Warren later moved: “Biographical Information” for Althea Hester Warren, VBC Records.
[>] “Most of us”: Boaz, Fervent and Full of Gifts, 95–96, 109.
3. A Landslide of Books
[>] “The soldier”: Danton, “Victory Begins at Home,” 535.
[>] “It is going”: Boaz, Fervent and Full of Gifts, 97.
[>] National Transitads: Letter from Myron T. Harshaw, Vice President of National Transitads, Inc., to Marie Loizeaux, December 30, 1941, and Safeway Bulletin, January 6, 1942; “Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign.”
[>] Donations from: “Books Start to Pour In for Service Men; President and Mrs. Roosevelt Donate,”New York Times, January 10, 1942.
[>] American troops began: Charles G. Bolte, The New Veteran (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1945), 28–29.
[>] After being blessed: “Books Start to Pour In.”
[>] “Carrying the books”: “City Gives Books for Service Men,”New York Times, January 13, 1942.
[>] American Women’s Voluntary: “Victory Book Campaign Program on the Steps of the New York Public Library,” Advisory Committee Meeting, January 27, 1942, Report on the Progress of the Victory Book Campaign, VBC Records.
[>] Morley was a household name: “Christopher Morley, Author, 66, Is Dead,”New York Times, March 29, 1957.
[>] Morley’s speech begins: “Speech by Maurice Evans—The Gutenberg Address by Christopher Morley,” January 21, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] By early 1942: “8,000,000-Man Army: Stepping Up the Draft,”United States News, May 22, 1942.
[>] five largest cities: John Connor, “On to Victory with the Victory Book Campaign,”American Library Association Bulletin 36, no. 9 (September 1942), 552.
[>] Within two weeks: “100,000 Books Sent to Armed Services,”New York Times, January 29, 1942.
[>] “Although we realized”: Meeting of Advisory Committee of the VBC, January 27, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “Our library here”: Letter to the Wichita VBC from W. A. B., 2nd Lieut. Air Corps., Library Officer, March 5, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “You have started”: Letter from W. B. to M. S., May 4, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “Something’s wrong”: Editorial, “Design for Giving,”Saturday Review of Literature, February 7, 1942.
[>] the Office of Production: “Aluminum Drive Set at 2,000 Planes,”New York Times, July 12, 1941.
[>] “Enthusiastic householders”: Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 258–60.
[>] think twice: “Any Rags, Any Paper for Freedom Today?”New York Times, April 2, 1942.
[>] “not enough nonessential”: “Capitol Rounds up 318 Tons of Scrap,”New York Times, July 3, 1942.
[>] In two weeks: “Rubber Collection Extended 10 Days,”New York Times, June 30, 1942; Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 358.
[>] “workers stand ready”: “The President’s Message,”New York Times, January 7, 1942.
[>] “Life under a war”: Eugene S. Duffield and William F. Kerby, “The War Economy, Like Living in a Great Depression,”Wall Street Journal, February 9, 1942.
[>] General Motors: Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 362, 357–59.
[>] Gone were: Bennett Cerf, “Auto Curbs Bring New Book Demand,”New York Times, January 3, 1943.
[>] Even years after: Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 197–98.
[>] “Whether or not”: James M. Landis, “We Have Become a Team,”New York Times, December 6, 1942.
[>] When the Office: “Golf Ball Rush Causes Rationing,”New York Times, December 19, 1941.
[>] Women grabbed handfuls: “Girdles for the Duration,”New York Times, January 11, 1942.
[>] “If it is news”: “Don’t Be a Hoarder,”New York Times, February 15, 1942.
[>] “If you don’t believe”: “The President’s Broadcast,”New York Times, April 29, 1942.
[>] Warren turned: “Victory Books Records, Publishers’ Donations to the Victory Book Campaign,” VBC Archives.
[>] Pocket Books did: John Hersey, Into the Valley: A Skirmish of the Marines (New York: Pocket Books, 1943), 124.
[>] By early March: “Report on Books Collected and Books Distributed,” January 12 to March 1, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] Newspapers had a: “A Symbol of Freedom,”Christian Science Monitor, February 28, 1942.
[>] The VBC did: “Report on Books Collected,” VBC Records.
[>] �
�musn’t be dirty”: “Wanted: Books for Fighters,”New York Times, April 11, 1942.
[>] early spring of 1942: “The President’s Broadcast.”
[>] “Five years ago”: Pyle, Here Is Your War, 226, 246, 255.
[>] “Monotony, monotony”: Pfc. H. Moldauer, “Monotony,”The Best from Yank, the Army Weekly (New York: Armed Services Editions, No. 934 [1945]), 416.
[>] “nine-tenths ordinary”: Sgt. Walter Bernstein, “Infantry Battalion Sweats It Out in Italy,”The Best from Yank (New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 934 [1945]), 115.
[>] When a battle: Fussell, Wartime, 55, 278–79.
[>] “was difficult to”: E. B. Sledge, With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa (New York: Presidio Press, 2007), 108.
[>] “suffers so deeply”: Fussell, Wartime, 96.
[>] War correspondent Ernie: Pyle, Here Is Your War, 49.
[>] “something worthwhile”: Letter from P. W. T., Chaplain, to John Connor, April 22, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] In addition to: Christopher P. Loss, “‘The Most Wonderful Thing Has Happened to Me in the Army’: Psychology, Citizenship, and American Higher Education in World War II,”Journal of American History 92, no. 3 (December 2005), 874.
[>] “When we read”: Beverly Sigler Edwards, “The Therapeutic Value of Reading,”Elementary English 39, no. 2 (February 1972), 215.
[>] Many men who: Charles Bolte, The New Veteran (New York: Reynal & Hitchock, 1945), 14, 17.
[>] editorial Warren published: Boaz, Fervent and Full of Gifts, 95–96.
[>] Training camps’ stores: Memorandum, to John Connor from H. D., June 23, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “He was always”: Stan Elman, “John Michael Connor,”Special Libraries (May/June 1979), 256.
[>] By April 1942: “Book Drive Pushed for Service Men,”New York Times, April 18, 1942.
[>] “asked the cooperation”: “Roosevelt Makes Victory Book Plea,”New York Times, April 15, 1942.
[>] “We all know”: Letter to the American Booksellers Association from Franklin D. Roosevelt, April 23, 1942, Council Records.
[>] Stories of citizens: “Book Drive Pushed,”New York Times; “Wanted: Books for Fighters,”New York Times.
[>] One Boy Scout: “Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign,” VBC Records.
[>] Nearly nine million: “Report on Books Collected,” VBC Records.
[>] In the event: Letter from H. P., May 8, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] last-minute collections: See generally Publicity 1942, Commencement Day Book Collections, VBC Records, Box 4, Folder 119.
[>] “Hunger, forced labor”: “Feast of the Book-Burners,”New York Times, May 10, 1942.
[>] Renowned for: “Winner for Novel Long in Business,”New York Times, May 2, 1944.
[>] Over the next: “Radio Today,”New York Times, May 10, 1946.
[>] “Justify the enemy”: Stephen Vincent Benét, “They Burned the Books,”Saturday Review of Literature, May 8, 1943.
[>] “The Lorelei”: A. Z. Foreman, “Heinrich Heine: The L0relei (From German),” available at http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2009/11/heinrich-heine-lorelei-from-german.html.
[>] “with totalitarian”: Benét, “They Burned the Books.”
[>] “This battle is”: Benét, “They Burned the Books.”
[>] “to let you know”: Letter from Pvt. S. C., to the ALA, December 11, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “and I can assure”: Letter from 1st Lt. S. F. S. to John Connor, May 24, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] a captain reported: Letter from Capt. S. B. to G. S., June 3, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] “the worst indictment”: Letter from Isabel DuBois to John Connor, August 25, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “positive it is not”: Letter from Charles Taft to Althea Warren, February 9, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] Between 1870: Joanne E. Passet, “Men in a Feminized Profession: The Male Librarian, 1887–1921,”Libraries & Culture 28, no. 4 (Fall 1993), 386.
[>] “#1 in the field”: Memorandum, “USO for National Defense, Inc,” VBC Records (emphasis added).
[>] “Taft began once again”: Letter from John Connor to Althea Warren, August 14, 1942, Althea B. Warren Papers, Record Series 2/1/24-1, “Victory Book Campaign 1942,” American Library Association Archives, University of Illinois.
[>] “How glad I am”: Letter from Althea Warren to John Connor dated July 30, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] “any subject”: Memorandum for Colonel Corderman, December 28, 1942, VBC Records.
[>] turned to publishing companies: Publishers’ Donations to the Victory Book Campaign, Box 2, Folder 2, VBC Records.
[>] Despite early setbacks: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 128–29.
[>] “late and tattered”: Bill Mauldin, Up Front (Cleveland, Ohio: World Publishing, 1945), 18.
[>] The 1942 reorganization: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 130–35, 141.
[>] “after a few more”: Sgt. Sanderson Vanderbilt, “Tough Shipment Ticket,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), October 1, 1944, 9.
[>] “Even in good”: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 132–33.
[>] “war correspondents are”: “A Message from the Editor of The Saturday Evening Post,”Post Yarns 5, no. 3 (1944).
4. New Weapons in the War of Ideas
[>] “The first couple”: Pyle, Here Is Your War, 4–5.
[>] “Too many people”: “Army to Purchase Books for Troops,”New York Sun, May 12, 1943.
[>] “American soldiers”: “Public Campaign Fails, Army Will Buy Books,”New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1943.
[>] a 1944 campaign: Minutes for Meeting, May 19, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] “our warehouse”: Letter from M. R. G. to Neola Carew, VBC Records.
[>] “If libraries are”: Letter from “Ward,” Assistant to the Librarian of the Cleveland Public Library, to Neola Carew, September 8, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] “Certainly the need”: Letter to the Board of Directors of the Victory Book Campaign from L. C. B., September 2, 1943, VBC Records.
[>] “Dig a hole”: Mauldin, Up Front, 143–44.
[>] “you could see”: Sgt. Ralph Thompson, “A Report on Reading Overseas,”New York Times Book Review, August 15, 1943.
[>] “soldiers at the front”: Mauldin, Up Front, 25.
[>] fewer than two hundred thousand: Loss, “Reading Between Enemy Lines,” 821.
[>] However, the tides: Frank Adams, “Rationing Cuts Down Greatest Book Sales in History,”New York Times Book Review, August 8, 1943.
[>] “was the most remarkable”: “Books,”Time (Pony Ed.), December 20, 1943, 33.
[>] The concept for: Robert A. Ballou and Irene Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 1942–1943 (New York: Country Life Press, 1946), 1–3.
[>] Publishing was a second: “Johnson, Ex-Head of Book Council,”New York Times, February 28, 1958.
[>] “Books are weapons”: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 1–5.
[>] “committee in search of”: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 1–5.
[>] The essay began: “Books and the War,” draft of essay, Council Records.
[>] “everyone who has”: “The Literature of Power,” speech by Honorable Adolf A. Berle Jr., May 12, 1945, New York Public Library.
[>] “The book written”: “U.S. Urged to Train Boys to Be Officers,”New York Times, May 13, 1942.
[>] After its Times Hall: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 34–35.
[>] The program was first: Script for “Assignment: USA.,” Council Records.
[>] Variety reported: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 36.
[>] NBC acquiesced: “NBC v. Boston,”Time (Pony Ed.), April 17, 1944, 26.
[>] collaborated so wholeheartedly: “Publishers to Back War Books Jointly,”New York Times, December 1, 1942.
[>] The book told: W. L. White,
They Were Expendable (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1942), v, 3–4.
[>] “Distinguished Service”: Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,”New York Times, December 18, 1942.
[>] Hersey told of: John Hersey, Into the Valley (New York: Pocket Books, 1943), 66–71, 75.
[>] In May 1943: “Willkie’s Book Held ‘Imperative,’”New York Times, May 7, 1943.
[>] This book argued: Walter Lippmann, U.S. Foreign Policy, undated, Council Records; Lippmann, U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Armed Services Editions, No. C-73 [1943]).
[>] The fifth: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 48.
[>] “America of today”: Lisa Sergio, “The Importance of Interpreting America,”American Library Association Bulletin 35, no. 9 (October 1941), 487.
[>] The sixth: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 48.
[>] Snow, a war: Edgar Snow, People on Our Side (New York: Random House, 1944).
[>] Selection of a: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 48.
[>] Americans purchased: “The Year in Books,”Time (Pony Ed.), December 20, 1943, 33.
[>] “I had best”: December 8, 1942, Exec. Meeting of the Council, Report of the Vice Chairman (John Farrar), Council Records.
[>] After consulting with: Loss, “Reading Between Enemy Lines,” 826.
5. Grab a Book, Joe, and Keep Goin’
[>] “I want to say”: V-mail Letter to the Council on Books in Wartime from “Pvt. W. R. W. & gang,” Council Records.
[>] In 1943: Austin Stevens, “Notes on Books and Authors,”New York Times Book Review, January 17, 1943.
[>] “We don’t burn”: “Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition; A Plea for Book Paper,”Chicago Daily News, May 26, 1943.
[>] But the government: “Council on Books in Wartime: Armed Services Editions,” Memo dated April 11, 1943, p. 3, Council Archives.
[>] Even the longest: Frank D. Adams, “As Popular as Pin-Up Girls,”New York Times Book Review, April 30, 1944.
[>] No book press: “Council on Books in Wartime: Armed Services Editions,” Memo dated April 11, 1943, Council Records.
When Books Went to War Page 25
