[>] “bobtailed ballot”: 90 Cong. Rec. 2621–22 (1944).
[>] “In order to get a ballot”: Ibid., 2637–38.
[>] “wholly inadequate”: Leary, “Books, Soldiers and Censorship,” 240.
[>] if those in the services wanted: 58 Stat. 141 (Title III at Sec. 303(a) [“Official War Ballot”]); Title III at Sec. 306 (providing that the states would furnish lists of candidates).
[>] “magazine . . . newspaper”: See 58 Stat. 136, Title V, §§ 22(2)(b), 24 (April 1, 1944).
[>] “uses the broadest terms”: War Department Memorandum, April 27, 1944, “Subject: Restrictions in new ‘Federal Voting Law’ on dissemination to members of the armed forces of political argument or political propaganda,” 3, Council Records.
[>] “law is quite clear”: “Draft Letter to Be Sent to Publishers,” April 28, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “I hope you didn’t send the”: Letter to Philip Van Doren Stern from “Dick,” Simon & Schuster, May 1, 1944, Council Records.
[>] Army . . . opposed editing: Letter to Philip Van Doren Stern from Ray Trautman, June 7, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “almost certainly result in”: Letter to Philip Van Doren Stern from Randall Jacobs, June 7, 1944, Council Records.
[>] While many critics: Rose Gladney, “A Letter from Lillian Smith: ‘Old Seeds Bearing a Heavy Crop,’”Southern Changes 12, no. 4 (1990).
[>] “selling literature containing”: “Book Ban Is Put to Test,”New York Times, April 7, 1944.
[>] “four scenes of sexual”: Commonwealth v. Isenstadt, 318 Mass. 543–47 (September 17, 1943).
[>] Beginning in May 1944: “‘Strange Fruit’ Barred by Mails Then Admitted at Sender’s Risk,”New York Times, May 16, 1944.
[>] “increasing tendency on the part”: “Resolution Proposed and Passed at Meeting of Executive Committee Meeting, May 24, 1944,” Council Records.
[>] the council drafted a press release: “For Immediate Release” (undated), first sentence beginning: “The Council on Books in Wartime, in a resolution sent today to the President, Postmaster-General, Secretaries of War and the Navy, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President of the Senate, protested the restriction on book distribution to the armed forces under the Soldiers’ Vote Act,” Council Records.
[>] “vigorous efforts on behalf”: Letter to the Council on Books in Wartime from Mari Sandoz, June 27, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “It looks as though”: Leary, “Books, Soldiers and Censorship,” 241.
[>] In late May 1944: Letter to “Editor” from Archibald G. Ogden, June 15, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “Censorship for political”: “A Silly Censorship,”Syracuse (NY) Post-Standard, June 20, 1944.
[>] “since every voter”: Dorothy Thompson, “Amendment by Taft Deprives Soldiers of Some of Best Books,”Columbia (SC) State, July 16, 1944.
[>] “almost any book except”: “Army Censor,”Lynchburg (VA) Daily Advance, June 22, 1944.
[>] “One would think”: “Books in Wartime: Unwarranted Censorship Is Practiced,”San Antonio (TX) News, June 22, 1944.
[>] “Congress in its wisdom”: “Insulating Servicemen,”Chicago Sun, June 23, 1944.
[>] “If this is ‘political’”: “Book Censors See Shadows,”Rochester (NY) Times Union, July 18, 1944.
[>] “excellent discussion of how”: “Queer Censorship,”Monroe (MI) News, June 23, 1944.
[>] “It shows somebody”: “Armed Services Editions, Excerpts from Letters Received by the Center for the Book from Authors,” Library of Congress.
[>] These textbooks: “Army Withdraws 6 History Texts,”New York Times, July 5, 1944.
[>] A few days later: “The Next Forty Years,”Time, July 10, 1944, p. 32.
[>] “likely to be saved”: Norman Cousins, “Censoritis,”Saturday Review of Literature, July 1, 1944, p. 12.
[>] On July 3 and 5: Letters from Archibald Ogden to Alfred McIntyre, July 10, 1944; Archibald Ogden to Bernard De Veto, July 12, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “all of it [was] sympathetic”: Letter from Archibald Ogden to Senator Robert A. Taft, July 8, 1944, Council Records.
[>] Trautman soon informed: Letter from Archibald Ogden to Alfred McIntyre, July 10, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “reported that the Army had”: Draft of Minutes of the Executive Committee Meeting, July 19, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “no one can question”: Letter from Sen. Robert A. Taft to Archibald Ogden, July 14, 1944, Council Records.
[>] On July 20, Senator Taft: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 23–24.
[>] The group met: “Note to City Desks,” Council Records.
[>] sponsor amendments to the act: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 24.
[>] “Leave it out when in doubt”: “Note to City Desks,” Council Records.
[>] “the general principle”: “Statement by Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio,” Council Records.
[>] “were out of touch”: Letter to Radio Commentators from Alan Green, August 3, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “Senator Taft apparently”: Statement from “Lucas Headquarters” for “Immediate Release,” Council Records.
[>] Army continued to publicize: “Books, Soldiers and Censorship,” 243–44.
[>] “not to shut off from members”: “Dissemination of Information to the Armed Forces,” a Report by Mr. Green, August 15, 1944, Council Records.
[>] With uncharacteristic speed: C. P. Trussell, “Senate Acts to Kill Army Reading Curb,”New York Times, August 16, 1944; “The Day in Washington,”New York Times, August 17, 1944.
[>] By August 24, 1944: “For Immediate Release,” August 24, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “it is a refreshing example”: Letter from Archibald G. Ogden to Mari Sandoz, August 21, 1944, Council Records.
[>] relatively slim margin: “About the Election,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), November 19, 1944, p. 3; “Franklin D. Roosevelt,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), April 27, 1945, p. 10.
[>] “No change of address”: “The Presidency,”Time (Pony Ed.), December 11, 1944, p. 5.
9. Germany’s Surrender and the Godforsaken Islands
[>] “There were people”: Joseph Heller, Catch-22 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 19–20.
[>] “shot to pieces”: John B. Hench, Books as Weapons (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010), 29–31.
[>] Knowing of the emaciated: Ballou and Rakosky, A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 83–93, Appendix D (listing books published in Overseas Editions).
[>] “a crate of ASE’s mounted”: Letter from T. C. to the Council (undated), Council Records.
[>] “cheek by jowl”: Valerie Holman, Print for Victory (London: British Library, 2008), 30.
[>] paper rationing further: Iain Stevenson, Book Makers (London: British Library, 2010), 115–18.
[>] Although Britain organized: Holman, Print for Victory, 42–43.
[>] “stroll into the mess”: Letter from B. F. D. to the Council, December 20, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “Humour was always”: Letter from W. G. J. to “Sirs,” April 25, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “those in the services;” Louis Golding, Store of Ladies (London: Bear, Hudson Ltd., 1946) (Bear Pocket Book), interior front cover.
[>] lifted until 1949: Stevenson, Book Makers, 117.
[>] But on April 12, 1945: Arthur Krock, “End Comes Suddenly at Warm Springs,”New York Times, April 13, 1945.
[>] “It wasn’t like just”: Gene Currivan, “Generals and GI’s Mourn Late Chief,”New York Times, April 14, 1945.
[>] despite the collapse: Sgt. Mack Morriss, “Berlin Death Battle,”Yank, the Army Weekly, June 15, 1945.
[>] “flags of freedom fly”: “The Messages, Here and at Home, Proclaiming the End of the War in Europe: President Truman,”Yank, The Army Weekly (British ed.), May 18, 1945.
[>] articles created a false: “News from Home,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), September 10, 1944; “News from Home,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), August 27, 1944.
[>] On May 10, the Army: Sidney Shalett, “Army to Return 3,100,000 in Year; 400,000 Will Remain in Europe,”New York Times, May 10, 1945.
[>] Only a minority: Hanson W. Baldwin, “Army Shift to Pacific Next Big War Problem,”New York Times, May 6, 1945.
[>] “Relief period in the Pacific”: Pfc. Justin Gray, “Pacific Combat,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), June 15, 1945.
[>] “Just like that old favorite:” S/Sgt. Jas. V. Coon, “So-Called Rest,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), December 17, 1944.
[>] “Those who are to be”: Ibid.
[>] bitterest battle: “4,000 Marine[s] Dead on Iwo Indicated,”New York Times, March 16, 1945.
[>] American casualties exceeded: Cyril J. O’Brien, “Iwo Jima Retrospective,” available at http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,NI_Iwo_Jima2,00.html.
[>] “hand-to-hand fighting”: Warren Moscow, “Marines and 77th Division Drive Near Naha and Shuri,”New York Times, May 12, 1945.
[>] “Home alive in ’45”: Fussell, Wartime, 257.
[>] “set in jungle glades”: Maj. Frederick Simpich Jr., AUS, “At Ease in the South Seas,”National Geographic (January 1944), 79.
[>] Guadalcanal was unrecognizable: Sgt. Barrett McGurn, “Guadalcanal Goes Garrison,”Yank, the Army Weekly, August 27, 1944.
[>] Across the Mariana Islands: Ernie Pyle, Last Chapter (New York: Henry Holt, 1946), 18.
[>] Tokyo Rose, a persona: Russell Warren Howe, The Hunt for ‘Tokyo Rose’ (Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1990), 28–32, 71.
[>] “Well, you boys in Moresby”: “By Any Other Name,”Time (Pony Ed.) April 10, 1944, 31.
[>] “In these South Sea isles”: Maj. Simpich, “At Ease in the South Seas,” 80.
[>] “with little to do”: “Boston’s Sons in Service Reading Those Awful Books,”Boston Traveler, January 12, 1945.
[>] “a soldier with a monthly pay”: Col. Trautman speech, Feb 1, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “many hours of precious”: Letter from N. J. P. to the Editions for the Armed Services, Inc., May 27, 1945, Council Records.
[>] At a 1945 meeting: Minutes of Exec. Committee, January 11, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “the most important”: Minutes of Exec. Committee, January 24, 1945 (emphasis added), Council Records.
[>] “never seems to be enough”: Letter from R. A. L. “To Those Who Can Do It,” attached to letter to Isabel DuBois dated April 19, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “You see . . . my kid brother”: Letter from V. B. T. to “Sirs,” Council Records.
[>] In early 1945 Philip: Minutes of the Exec. Committee, January 11, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “If enough funds were”: Minutes of Exec. Committee, May 2, 1945, June 20, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “scraping the bottom”: Minutes of the Exec. Committee, December 13, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “even if the adage”: Austin Stevens, “Books and Authors,”New York Times Book Review, December 13, 1942; Austin Stevens, “Notes on Books and Authors,”New York Times Book Review, January 17, 1943.
[>] Stern offered a compromise: Minutes of the Exec. Committee, December 13, 1944, Council Records.
[>] loathed titles: Letter from Isabel DuBois to Mr. Stern, June 9, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “not any of them have”: Letter from Isabel DuBois to Mr. Stern, June 12, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “a huge issue of a triviality”: Memorandum to P. V. D. S. from L. U., June 11, 1945, Council Records.
[>] avoid “selected”: Letter from Philip Van Doren Stern to Isabel Du Bois, June 19, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “should be taken as a complaint”: Letter from Isabel Du Bois to Mr. Stern, June 29, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “no longer print any books”: Letter to Bureau of Navy Personnel from H. Stahley Thompson, February 15, 1946; Letter to Miss Du Bois from H. Stahley Thompson, February 15, 1946, Council Records.
[>] “When one is far from home”: Copy of Letter from Major E. V. P. to Henry Hough, September 14, 1945, Council Records.
10. Peace at Last
[>] “My old division”: Bill Mauldin, Up Front, 197.
[>] “Home had faded”: Robert Case, “Through to Murmansk,” in Battle: The True Stories of Combat in World War II (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1965), 38.
[>] As late as 1940: Loss, “‘The Most Wonderful Thing,’” 867.
[>] provided information: Darrell Huff and Frances Huff, Twenty Careers of Tomorrow (New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 1002 [1946]); Minutes of Exec. Committee, April 25, 1945, Council Records.Darrell Huff and Frances Huff, Twenty Careers of Tomorrow (New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 1002 [1946]); Minutes of Exec. Committee, April 25, 1945, Council Records.
[>] how to choose a vocation: William G. Campbell and James H. Bedford, You and Your Future Job (New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 1081 [1946]); John F. Wharton, The Theory and Practice of Earning a Living (New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 1105 [1946]).
[>] Sulfanilamide, a substance: Pyle, Here Is Your War, 75.
[>] inspired many servicemen to go: Letter from Colonel L. C. W. to Arthur Train, February 29, 1944, Arthur Train Correspondence 1944–1945, Archives of Charles Scribner’s Sons, Author Files I, Box 181, Folder 11; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
[>] “death, plus rain”: Letter from Pvt. G. G. to Thomas Y. Crowell, Co., September 20, 1944, Council Records.
[>] sheets cut from a paper bag: Letter from R. C. to W. W. Norton, October 10, 1944, Council Records.
[>] “the most intensive bombardment”: Hanson W. Baldwin, “1,000 Plane Blows Daily Is Prospect for Japan,”New York Times, June 3, 1945.
[>] B-29s daily dropped: Warren Moscow, “B-29’s Rain Pamphlets on Japan; Surrender Talk Seen Taking Root,”New York Times, June 4, 1945.
[>] “will smash the enemy”: “Premier Sees War Decided in Japan,”New York Times, June 9, 1945.
[>] Japan’s grip on the Philippines: Lindesay Parrott, “’41 Congress Sits in the Philippines,”New York Times, June 10, 1945.
[>] “There was a terrific”: “The War Ends,”Life (Overseas Service ed.), August 20, 1945, p. 6.
[>] Four square miles: W. H. Lawrence, “Visit to Hiroshima Proves It World’s Most-Damaged City,”New York Times, September 5, 1945.
[>] “they may expect a rain”: “Text of Statements by Truman, Stimson, on Development of Atomic Bomb,”New York Times, August 7, 1945.
[>] “desire for an early”: “Japan Keeps People in Dark on Nature of New Scourge,”New York Times, August 8, 1945.
[>] Seventy-five hours: “The War Ends,”Life, 7.
[>] “we shall use the atomic”: “The President’s Report,”New York Times, August 10, 1945.
[>] five agonizing days: Alexander Feinberg, “All City ‘Lets Go,’”New York Times, August 15, 1945.
[>] Around the world: “Victory Reports Around the World,”Life, August 20, 1945, 16B–16C.
[>] On September 2, 1945: “Truman’s Nephew in Crew,”New York Times, September 2, 1945.
[>] The Army estimated: Joseph A. Loftus, “Says Army Speeds Discharge Rate,”New York Times, September 13, 1945.
[>] remained a need for ASEs: Minutes of Exec. Committee, August 22, September 12, 1945, Council Records.
[>] “it would be short sighted”: Minutes of Exec. Committee, September 12, 1945, 2, Council Records.
[>] In December 1945: Jamieson, Books for the Army, 156.
[>] But as the size of the Army: Ibid.
[>] Midway through the contract: “Notice of Special Meeting of Directors of Editions for the Armed Services, Inc,” January 15, 1947, Malcolm Johnson Papers, private collection of Molly Guptill Manning.
[>] “followed me t
hrough combat”: Letter from Capt. B. V. B. to the Secretary of the Council on Books in Wartime, January 10, 1946, Council Records.
11. Damned Average Raisers
[>] “We have taught our youth”: H. Doc. No. 344, House of Representatives, 78th Con., 1st Sess. (December 13, 1943), 5, “Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Preliminary Report of the Armed Forces Committee on Post-War Educational Opportunities for Service Personnel,” dated October 27, 1943.
[>] “political consequences”: Glenn C. Altschuler and Stuart M. Blumin, The GI Bill (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 43.
[>] pressing matter of national: Loss, “‘The Most Wonderful Thing,’” 886.
[>] “This prevailing tendency”: Charles G. Bolte, The New Veteran (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1945), 140.
[>] “a future of ditch digging”: Loss, “‘The Most Wonderful Thing,’” 887.
[>] “cheaper to keep men”: “Hershey Sees a Million or Two Out of Armed Forces After Reich Falls,”New York Times, August 22, 1944.
[>] “This plan would be quite”: “Replies to General Hershey,”Yank, the Army Weekly (British ed.), September 10, 1944, p. 19.
[>] “During the war”: H. Doc. No. 361, House of Representatives, 78th Con., 1st Sess., “Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Request for Passage of Legislation to Grant to All Veterans of Our Armed Forces Mustering-Out Pay, A Uniform System of Allowances for Unemployed Veterans; Also Legislation to Amend the Federal Old-Age Survivors’ Insurance Law to Include All Veterans of the Present War,” November 23, 1943.
[>] “Nothing . . . would be more”: H. Doc. No. 344, House of Representatives, 78th Con., 1st Sess., “Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Preliminary Report of the Armed Forces Committee.”
[>] In 1940 the average worker: Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 513.
[>] “the political sex”: Altschuler and Blumin, The GI Bill, 54, 60.
[>] “emphatic notice”: Cong. Rec. Sen. Vol. 153, Pt. 17, at 24453 (September 17, 2007) (quoting Roosevelt).
When Books Went to War Page 27
