Odyssey
Jeff Ollenburger, Kansas Cosmophere and Space Center; Allan Needell, Curator, National Air and Space Museum.
The Gun That Killed John Lennon
Detective Steven Fiorica, Detective Desi Stokes, and Police Officer Edward Accardi of the Firearms Analysis Section, NYPD. Detective Fiorica kindly gave me a crash course in ballistics.
David Sobel is the editor of this book, as he was of its predecessor, Lucy’s Bones, Sacred Stones, and Einstein’s Brain, and my debt to him is enormous. He is a caring, gentle, perceptive editor, and I shall always be grateful to him for giving literary life to my concept for these books—using artifacts as springboards for relating fascinating events and stories of history.
Anne Geiger, David Sobel’s capable assistant, made numerous editorial suggestions to improve the manuscript. I am most grateful for her historical insights and editorial thoroughness.
I would like to thank Glen Hartley and Lynn Chu for their efforts in making this book become a reality.
My dear friend Judith Stein perused the manuscript and offered many acute and honest suggestions. I owe much to Judy for her great judgment and meticulousness.
Many other people were helpful in one way or another and at the risk of omitting anybody’s name, I would like to extend my appreciation to Gretchen Worden, Nancy Constantine, Albert Quartaroli, Marisa Nadel, Sally Schiller, Agnes Dubin, Jeff Burke, William Hayden, Bonnie Barchichat, Emile Barchichat, Cliff Share, Paul Share, Manny Bekier, Paul C. Maloney, and William H. Davis at the Center for Legislative Archives at the National Archives.
My parents, Philip and Mazie Rachlin, were, as always, pillars of support.
My wife, Maria, and son, Glenn, put up with my taking over too many corners of our house with file folders, reference books, and other unwieldy research materials, as well as my long and irregular work hours. They are to be commended for their unwavering patience, love, and support. I would to thank Elyssa and Lauren Goldwert for their enthusiasm and support as well.
Virtually every author dreams of his or her work being adapted for presentation on the small or big screen, if their work is suitable for such adaptation. My own dream came true when Charlie Maday of the History Channel saw the potential for television adaptation of Lucy’s Bones, Sacred Stones, and Einstein’s Brain, and patiently shepherded the book through the labyrinthine legal and creative process that translates print to moving images. So I am eternally grateful to Mr. Maday, who, like my editor, David Sobel, is, as I would call it, a “dream maker.” I would also like to thank all the other wonderful people at the History Channel, including Susan Werbe (the network’s terrific executive producer of the series), Abbe Raven, Dan Davids, Harriet Georgiopoulos, LaDebra Moore Fletcher, and Barbara Shornick. For making History’s Lost and Found a success, they’re all “dream makers” too!
The actual creators of History’s Lost and Found are the people who make up the fabulous team of Atlas Media Corporation. These people—the producers—really know how to take an idea and run with it! And so my great appreciation is extended to Bruce David Klein, Maria Lane, Pam Wolfe, Scott Tiffany, Christine Shuler, Michael Husain, Bill McClane, Ruby Lopez, Ted Schillinger, Alissa Krimski, Debbie Katz, Matthew Goldfine, Alexis Robie, Catherine Scheinman, Faye Moore, and the rest of the staff. Producer Charles Grinker and television executive Rand Stoll, who are intimately involved with the series, also helped bring the concept to the air and have been invaluable creative resources for the series.
SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Numerous reference works consulted in the research for this book were used so frequently that they merit being listed here as general sources for the entire book. These reference works are: Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1963); The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago: The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997); Collier’s Encyclopedia (New York: Collier’s, 1997); Academic American Encyclopedia (Danbury, Conn.: Grolier, 1996); World Book Encyclopedia (Chicago: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1958; Chicago: World Book, 1995); The Book of Knowledge (New York: Grolier Society, 1928); The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From the Beginnings to 1930 (London: Oxford University Press, 1939); Encyclopedia Americana International Edition (Danbury, Conn.: Grolier, 1988).
Introduction
Men’s Journal, July 1995, with source attribution to Molecular Medicine, vol. 1, 1995: pp. 1-12, for the one-in-300-million-sperm statistic.
The Tooth of the Buddha
Kavsalyayan, Bhadant Anand. An Intelligent Man’s Guide to Buddhism. Nagpur, India: Kashinath Meshram, 1992.
Payutto, Bhikkhu P. A. (Translated from Thai by Bhikkhu Puriso.) Good, Evil and Beyond … Kamma in the Buddha’s Teaching. Bangkok: Buddhadhamma Foundation Publications, 1993.
Piyatissa, Pidiville. An Exposition of Buddhism. Taipei, Taiwan: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, 1994.
Santina, Peter D. Fundamentals of Buddhism. Taipei, Taiwan: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, n.d.
Thera, Narada. Buddha and His Teaching. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Missionary Society, 1973.
Thera, Narada. Buddhism in a Nutshell. Taipei, Taiwan: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, 1982.
The Gold Larnax of King Philip II
Andronicos, Manolis. Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon S.A., 1992. (This is Andronicos’s first-person account of his discovery of the tomb of King Philip II. It is the premier record of the finding of the tomb and its contents and my source for the description of the gold lar-nax and the tomb contents, as well as the cremation and burial of King Philip.)
The Magna Carta
British Library exhibition labels and reference cards from its permanent exhibition of the Magna Carta.
Davis, G. R. C. Magna Carta. London: The British Library, n.d.
Kelliner, Hilton, and Sally Brown. English Literary Manuscripts. N.p., 1985.
McKechnie, William S. Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with Historical Introduction. New York: B. Franklin, 1914.
Prescott, Andrew. English Historical Manuscripts. N.p., 1989.
The Stone of Scone
Breeze, David, and Graeme Munro. The Stone of Destiny. Scotland: Historic Scotland, 1997.
“The Coronation Chair and the Stone of Scone” (information sheets). London: Westminster Abbey, n.d. (Source of the Latin inscription.)
The Essex Ring
Boyce, Charles. Shakespeare A to Z. New York: Facts on File/Roundtable Press, 1990.
“The Essex Ring, a Gift to Westminster Abbey.” The Times (London), July 15, 1927.
Hibbert, Christopher. The Virgin Queen: Elizabeth I, Genius of the Golden Age. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991.
Ogburn, Charlton. The Man Who Was Shakespeare: A Summary of the Case Unfolded in the Mysterious William Shakespeare. McLean, Va.: EPM, 1995.
Rowse, A. L. The Annotated William Shakespeare (Vol. II). New York: Potter, 1978.
Strachey, Lytton. Elizabeth and Essex. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1928. (Source of the Shakespeare quote.)
Universal Standard Encyclopedia. Unicorn Publications, n.d.
Untitled information sheet on the Essex Ring. London: Westminster Abbey, n.d.
Untitled Westminster Abbey Library chart (for the female lineage of the Essex Ring).
Galileo’s Middle Finger
Miniati, Mara (ed.). Museo di Storia della Scienza Catalogo. Florence: Giunti, 1991.
Web site pages of the Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence, including “Condemnation of Galileo” and “Abjuration of Galileo.”
George Washington’s Schoolboy Copybooks
DeWan, George. “Birth of a Nation,” Newsday, May 24, 1987. (Source of the Charles Biddle quote about George Washington.)
Rauscher, Ann M. (annotator). George Washington’s Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior in Company and Conversation. Mount Vernon, Va.: The Mount
Vernon Ladies’ Association, 1989.
Washington, George. George Washington Papers (Series 1, Sub-Series A; Forms of Writing and School Copy Books). In the collection of the Library of Congress.
Washington, George. George Washington’s School Copy-Book, 1745. In the collection of the Library of Congress.
Washington, George. 1744-1748: School Exercises. In the collection of the Library of Congress.
John Harrison’s Fourth Marine Timekeeper
Betts, Jonathan. John Harrison. London: National Maritime Museum Publications, 1997. (A short but invaluable book about Harrison’s endeavors to build a workable marine timekeeper.)
Greenhill, Basil (ed.). The National Maritime Museum. London: Scala Books, 1982.
Longitude Symposium. The Quest for Longitude. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1996.
Sobel, Dava. Longitude. New York: Walker, 1995.
Web site of the Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
Becker, Carl. The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1922.
Bell, Whitfield J., Jr. The Declaration of Independence, Four 1776 Versions: Jefferson’s Manuscript Copy, The First Official Printing by John Dunlop, The First Newspaper Printing, A Unique Printing on Parchment by John Dunlop. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1986. (Source of the John Hancock quote.)
Ellis, Joseph J. “Editing the Declaration.” Civilization, July/August 1995.
Gustafson, Milton O. “The Empty Shrine: Transfer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to the National Archives.” The American Archivist, vol. 39, no. 3, July 1976.
Locke, John. Two Treatises of Civil Government. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1955.
Maier, Pauline. American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence. New York: Knopf, 1997.
Malone, Dumas. The Story of the Declaration of Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Mason, George (Robert A. Rutland, ed.). The Papers of George Mason (Volume 1). Chapel Hill, N.C.: Institute of Early American History & Culture Sen, 1970.
Padover, Saul. Thomas Jefferson on Democracy. New York: Appleton-Century, 1939.
Peterson, Merrill (ed.). Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: Library of America, 1984. (Source of the Thomas Jefferson letter of May 8, 1825, to Henry Lee.)
Printed Journals of the Continental Congress (Vol. 4). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1906.
Rutland, Robert Allen. George Mason, Reluctant Statesman. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1961.
Shuffleton, Frank. Thomas Jefferson: A Comprehensive, Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him (1826-1980). New York: Garland Publishing, 1983.
Shuffleton, Frank. Thomas Jefferson, 1981-1990: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992.
The Rising Sun Chair
Bruns, Roger A. (introduction). A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the United States Constitution. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1978 (reprint 1986).
Dube, Ann Marie. A Multitude of Amendments, Alteration and Addition: The Constitution of the United States. (The Web site that lists the locations of the different drafts of the U.S. Constitution is www.nps.gov.)
Farrand, Max. The Framing of the Constitution of the United States. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1913.
Independence National Historical Park museum catalog records and information sheets, Philadelphia, Pa.
Jackson, John W. With the British Army in Philadelphia, 1777-1781. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1930.
Jameson, John Franklin. “Studies in the History of the Federal Convention of 1787,” Annual Report of the American, n.d.
Jensen, Merrill (ed.). The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976.
Journal of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 1776-1781.
Milley, John C. (ed.). Treasures of Independence National Historical Park and Its Collections. New York: Main Street Press/Mayflower Books, 1980.
Pryor, Hubert C. “Summer of Destiny,” Modern Maturity, February/March 1982. (Source of the Madison quote.)
Rapport, Leonard. “September 1786,” National Archives pamphlet, National Archives Trust Fund Board, Washington, D.C., September 1986.
Smith, Page. The Constitution: A Documentary and Narrative History. New York: Morrow, 1978.
The Louisiana Purchase Treaty
“American Originals, December 8, 1995 Through December 1998,” pamphlet, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Ford, Paul Leicester (ed.). The Works of Thomas Jefferson (Vol. 9). New York: Putnam (Knickerbocker Press), 1905. (Source of the Thomas Jefferson quote of April 18, 1802, to Robert R. Livingston.)
Greer, Curtis Manning. The Louisiana Purchase and the Westward Movement. Philadelphia: G. Barrie & Sons, 1904.
Hosmer, James K. The History of the Louisiana Purchase. New York: Appleton, 1902.
Lamar, Howard B. (ed.). The Reader’s Encyclopedia of the American West. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977.
Miller, Hunter (ed.). Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America (Vol. 2). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931. (This was my source for the treaty quotes in this chapter.)
The Written Word Endures. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
The Lewis and Clark Journals
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, interoffice memorandums and Lewis and Clark inventory holdings sheets, n.d.
Allen, John Logan. Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1975.
Ambrose, Stephen E. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
Bakeless, John. Lewis & Clark: Partners in Discovery. New York: William Morrow, 1947.
Catlett, Stephen. From St. Louis to Philadelphia: Tracking the Lewis and Clark Journals— an Exhibition of the Journals and Documents. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, August 10, 1982.
Catlett, Stephen (ed.). A New Guide to the Collections in the Library of the American Philosophical Society. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, August 10, 1987.
Conrad, Howard L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri (Vol. 2). New York: Southern History Company, 1901.
Coues, Elliott. History of the Expedition Under the Command of Lewis and Clark, To the Sources of the Missouri River, thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean, performed during the Years, 1804-5-6, by Order of the United States Government. A New Edition. New York: Francis P. Harper, 1893.
Crawford, Anthony R. (ed.). The Lewis and Clark Expedition: A Guide to the Holdings in the Division of Library and Archives of the Missouri Historical Society. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society, 1981.
Cutright, Paul Russell. Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969.
Halsey, Ashley, Jr. “The Air Gun of Lewis & Clark,” American Rifleman, vol. 132, no. 8, August 1984.
Lamar, Howard B. (ed.). The Reader’s Encyclopedia of the American West. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977.
Mayer, Robert W. “Wood River, 1803-1804,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 61, no. 2, 1958.
Moulton, Gary E. (ed.). The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, August 30, 1803-August 24, 1804 (Vol. 2). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986. (The first of an eleven-volume set that reproduces the journals and is an invaluable reference source on the expedition, with details on the writing of the journals, reprinted by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright 1986 by the University of Nebraska Press.)
“The Mystery of Meriwether Lewis” (Associated Press), Newsday, Ju
ne 4, 1996.
Norton, W. T. (ed.). Centennial History of Madison County, Illinois and Its People, 1812 to 1912 (Vol. 1). Chicago: Lewis Publishing, 1912.
Peterson, Merrill (ed.). Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: Library of America, 1984. (Source of the Thomas Jefferson letter of June 20, 1803.)
Quaife, Milo M. The Journals of Captain Meriwether Lewis and Sergeant Ordway. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1965.
Western Historical Manuscript Collection microfilm, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri.
Yale University Library catalog cards, n.d.
Beethoven’s Ear Trumpets
Cross, Milton, and David Ewen. Milton Cross’ Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music (Vol. 1). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1953. (Source of the quote, “For me there can be no recreation in the society of my fellows …”)
Komroff, Manuel. Beethoven and the World of Music. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1961. (Source of the quotes, “To give you an idea of this curious condition …” and “whistle and buzz.”)
Orga, Ates. Beethoven: His Life and Times. New York: State Mutual, 1981.
Solomon, Maynard. Beethoven. New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1977.
Swift, Frederic Kay, and Willard I. Musser. All About Music. Rockville Centre, N.Y.: Belwin, 1960.
Harrison’s Peace Pipes
Belden, Bauman L. Indian Peace Medals Issued in the United States. New York: American Numismatic Society, 1927. (Source of the Wayne quote, which itself is quoted from the American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. 1.)
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