by Simon Baatz
Leopold statement on, 91
ransom as, 22-23, 91, 156-57, 385-88 as sex killing, 380-81
as thrill killing, 91, 99, 156, 158, 385 as thirst for knowledge, 148
as unclear and inexplicable, 156-58, 251, 327, 371, 372-74, 437
Motley, John Lothrop, 35
Moyer, Charles, 180
Moyer, Harold, 191
Moynihan, Patrick H., 220
Muirhead, Stan, 55
Mulroy, James, 12, 100-102, 103, 463 links Underwood to Leopold, 120
Murder by Numbers (film), 451
murder of Bobby Franks, 71, 75-87. See also motive for murder
blanket used in, 88, 104-5, 143 boys targeted by Leopold and Loeb, 68, 78-81
Nape, John, 211
Nash, Thomas, 296
National Security League, 183
Nervous and Mental Diseases (Church and Peterson), 155, 351-52
neurology, 264-65
medical testing, 350-51
roentgenology, 350-51
Never the Sinner (Logan), 451
Newark Evening News, 410-11
Newman, Art, 440
Newman, Ralph, 444
newspapers. See also specific newspapers advertising the clues in, 20
Chicago's, 462-64
coverage of Leopold and Loeb hearing, 272Oberndorf, Howard, 123, 124
O'Brien, James (Jimmy), 188, 200-201, 213
O'Brien, John (Smiling Jack), 363 O'Brien, William, 341-42
(Altgeld), 174-75
O'Donnell, Klondike, 425
O'Donnell, Myles, 425
Ogden Gas Company, 6
Olejniczak, Stanley, 12
O'Malley, Thomas, 152, 155
On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 192 Orchard, Harry, 180
Organic Evolution (Lull), 257
Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims
Owen, John, 273
People's Gas Light and Coke Company, 6 Peterson, Frederick, 155, 351-52
Pethick, George, 187
Pethick, Russell, 185-88, 440
Pettibone, George, 180
Philleo, Edward, 252
Plata, Edna, 16
plethysmograph, 252
Police Trial Board, 204
positivism, 194
Prendergast, Eugene, 166-68, 170-72 Principles of Geology (Lyell), 192
Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment),
Packard, Frank, 35
Packard Twin Six automobile, 77, 127 Paine Lumber Company, Oshkosh,
Wisconsin, 179
Pam, Hugo, 189, 213
Papritz, Adolph, 20
Parnassians, 73, 74
parole
of Art Newman, 440
433-43
character witnesses for Leopold, 441 job offers for Leopold, 439-40 Leopold eligibility, 433
Leopold released from (1963), 446-47 Leopold's hearings and release,
Leopold's participation in malaria testing and, 434-37
Leopold's petition for clemency, 435, 436-37
public debate about concept of, 450
sentence and, 403, 404, 410, 414-15 Patrick, Hugh, 151-53, 349
cross-examination of, 353
interview of Leopold, 152
interview of Leopold and Loeb, 155, 156-61, 350
testimony in court hearing, 339, 344-46
Pence, Charles, 5, 16, 17
216, 218, 321
psychiatry. See also court hearing of
Leopold and Loeb; mental illness in America, 265-66, 420-21, 423 Bowman-Hulbert report on Leopold
and Loeb, 312, 345-46, 354, 384,
385, 387
child guidance movement, 327 defense psychiatrists' testimony,
Leopold and Loeb case, 292-93,
303, 305-38, 342-46
defense's psychiatric examination of
Leopold and Loeb, 251-64
endocrinology and mental health,
247-51
Freudian psychoanalysis, 265, 420-21 intelligence tests, 262
neurology and, 348, 350-51
parent-child relationship and, 326-27 prosecution's psychiatric examination
of Leopold and Loeb, 151-61 psychoanalysis and psychoneurosis,
265, 348
reaction to sentencing of Leopold and
Loeb and, 419-20
state's cross-examination of
psychiatric testimony in Leopold
and Loeb hearing, 312-15, 318-19,
326 -38
William Alanson White and enlarged
role of, 266-68
Public School League, 222
Puerto Rico
Castaner hospital in, 439-40
Leopold in, 444-47
Pullman, George, 177, 178
Pullman Car Works, 177-78
Putthammer, Ernst, 74, 106-8Quo Vadis (Sienkiewicz), 34Rabinowitz, Harry, 392-93 radio broadcast of Leopold and Loeb trial proposed, 272-76 broadcast of verdict in Leopold and Loeb hearing, 400 infancy and role in American life, 273 Ragen, Joseph, 432-34 ransom as aggravating factor in punishment, 364-65 drugstore on 63rd Street and, 63, 64, 93, 96 handwriting on letter matches Leopold's, 119 Leopold and Loeb purchase stationery, 69 letter, 9-10, 12, 70-71, 87-88, 119 Loeb leads reporters to drugstore, 99-103 Loeb wants to abandon plan, 96-97, 310 Michigan Central train and, 63, 64, 93-95 model for letter in detective story, 71 as motive, 22-23, 91, 156-57, 385-88 payment, 14-15
ransom ( continued)
phone calls from kidnapper, 7, 14, 17,
63, 88-89
plan goes awry, 94-98
planning, 60-61, 63-65, 68, 93-94,
156 -57
trace on phone line, 12
Underwood typewriter used for
letter, 70
141, 291
Rationalist Society of Chicago, 195 Ream, Charles, 229, 231
Reckas, Harry, 295-96
Reform Judaism, 139-40
Rent-A-Car Company, 67, 76-77, 98,
Republican Party (Chicago), 6, 204-5 Big Bill Thompson in, 203
Riese, John Henry, 363
Crowe in, 202
Crowe's falling star in, 426
factionalism in, 205, 206-7, 219, 224 Lundin corruption trial, 161
machine politics and, 218
violence at polls, 207
Rise of the Dutch Republic, The (Motley),
35
Robbins, Helen, 74
Roberts, Mary-Carter, 450
Rockefeller, John D., 76
roentgenology, 350-51
Roosevelt, Theodore, 76
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 55
Rope (film), 450, 453
Rope (Hamilton), 449-50
Rosehill Cemetery, 24, 25
Rosen, Sam, 240
Rosenwald, Julius, 34, 39, 78
Rosenwald, Lessing, 139
Ross drugstore, 63rd Street, 63, 64, 93,
96, 97
James Kemp gets phone call from
Nathan, 97
Loeb leads reporters to drugstore,
99-103
Row, Harold, 439-40
Ruse, David, 296
Ryan, Patrick, 6
sentencing of Leopold and Loeb
Caverly delivers verdict, 399-403
Caverly fails to state whether
concurrent or consecutive, 414-15, 417
date set for, 390
parole possibility, 403, 404, 410, 414-15, 433
as precedent, 418
public reaction to, 410-20
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 34
Shanberg, Morris, 123-24
Shapino, Anton, 12
Shoemacher, William (Shoes), 8, 121, 132, 135, 141, 155
Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 34
Sign of the Four, The (Doyle), 35
Simpson, Emma, 190-92
Sinai Congregation, 139
Singer, Harold, 366, 367
Darrow's cross-examination of, 355-57
testimony in court hearing, 339, 354-55
Single Tax Club
, 169
Sing Sing Prison, 263, 422
Sissman, Peter, 182
Small, Len, 218, 414, 415
Smietanka, Julius, 236-37
Smith, Milton, 112, 143, 155, 271
questioning of Harold Singer, 354-55 Society for the Study of Internal Secretions, 248
Souders, Ralph, 360-61, 413
Souvenirs Entomologiques (Fabre), 195 Spaides School, 31
Spencer, Herbert, 192
Springer, Joseph, 21, 234, 291
Stanton, Walter, 397
Stateville Prison, 427-28
architecture of, 428, 429
Leopold in, 427-43
Loeb in, 428-32
malaria testing at, 434-35
murder of Loeb, 430-32
school at, 433-34
warden, 429, 432, 433-34
Steger, Herb, 55
Stein, Sidney, 69, 105
Steunenberg, Frank, 179-80, 181 Stevenson, Adlai, 436-37
Stranberg, H. C., 69
Struthers, Emily, 34-36, 38-41, 42, 51, 258, 308, 348
Sukov, Martin, 441
Sullivan, Phillip L., 276
Sullivan, Walter, 146, 148
Sully-Prudhomme, Rene, 73
Sunday, Billy, 319
Sunset Club, 168
Sutton, Hugh, 16
Swanson, John, 426
Sweitzer, Robert, 203
Swoon (film), 451
Tripple, Leonard, 296 Tucker, Leonard, 98
St. Elizabeths Hospital (Government Hospital for the Insane), 249, 257, 262-63, 305, 307, 421
St. Louis Globe-Democrat , 415-16 St. Paul Dispatch, 412
St. Xavier's Academy, 23
Sandburg, Carl, 441
San Francisco Bulletin, 411
San Francisco Chronicle, 420
Sarascio, Salvatore, 141
Sattler, Elizabeth, 121, 126
Saturday Evening Post, 441
Savage, Joseph, 112, 122-25, 129, 132,
136, 155, 160, 240, 268-69, 271,
290-91, 464, 465
on death penalty, 358-59
Sbarbaro, John, 129, 132, 135-36, 155,
160, 240, 271
questioning of Archibald Church,
346-47
questioning of Hugh Patrick, 344-46 questioning of William Krohn, 342-44 Scherer, Ferdinand, 285, 330
Schimberg, Theodore, 28
Schlapp, Max, 420
Schmaltz, Sammy, 387
Schroeder, Barbet, 451
Schultz, Thomas, 363
scientism, 192-96
Scopes, John T., 423-24
Scott, Russell, 397
Sears, Roebuck, 39, 78, 139
Albert Loeb as vice president, 34, 39,
221
Seass, James, 79
See It Now (TV show), 443
Talley, Alfred, 422
Ta mis, Jim, 85
Tariff Reform Convention, 169
Tennes, Mont, 182
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 34 Thaw, Harry, 268-69, 415
Thelin, Blaine, 222
Thelin, Titus, 222
Thompson, Alice, 187
Thompson, Hans, 232
Thompson, John, 419
Thompson, William Hale (Big Bill), 6, 202-3, 204, 205, 209-10, 219, 222, 463
Thrill Me: The Leopold and Loeb Story (musical drama), 451
Titzel, Walter, 220
Tracy, Freeman, 229-30, 231
Trinz, Joseph, 394
Underwood typewriter, 16
Leopold disposes of, 104, 143
Leopold maid remembers it at
Leopold house, 121, 126
linked to Leopold, 120-26
ransom letter typed on, 70, 71, 126 search for, 146
stolen from Zeta Beta Tau fraternity,
57-58, 71
crime wave following World War I, 215 morality of the 1920s, 319-23,
Union Pacific Railroad, 177
United States
341-42, 376
Prohibition, 321
public opinion in Leopold and Loeb
case, 319-23
Darrow applies for writ of habeas corpus in Prendergast case, 171
United States District Court
case of Eugene Debs, 177
University of Michigan
Leopold at, 47
University Elementary School, 35
University High School
Leopold takes students birding, 105, 108
Loeb at, 36-40, 258
University of Cambridge, 76
University of Chicago
Campus Club, 42
Circolo Italiano, 48
Dargan's lecture on Parnassians, 72-74 description of, 28-29
distance from Leopold home, 28 Ferry Field, 54, 55
Harvard School graduates at, 33 Haskell Hall, 75
Hutchinson Commons, 42
James Seass at, 79
Law School, 50, 75, 76
Leopold at, 26, 47-50, 258
Leopold at Law School, 51, 62
Leopold enters at age fifteen, 28, 33
Loeb enters at age fourteen, 34, 38, 40-41
Loeb in graduate course at, 51, 62
Loeb's mediocre academic record, 41
Undergraduate Classical Club, 48-49
Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, 58, 120 University of Illinois, 56
University of Michigan
football game, Marines vs.
Wolverines, 54-56
football season, 1924, 55
Leopold at, 47, 49
Loeb at, 46-47, 50-51
Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, 47, 56-58, 71 University of Wisconsin, 56
Uteritz, Irwin, 55
Vahle, Beatrice, 274
Valanis, Anna, 418
Valanis, Anthony, 418 Van De Bogert, Percy, 97 Vandervoort, Ed, 55 Vaubel, George, 16
Verlaine, Paul, 73
Ver ne, Ju les, 35
Viani, Nicholas, 363 Wayman, John, 202
Webster, John, 155
Wedemaier, Gus, 190
Weir, Eligius, 441
Welles, Orson, 445, 450-51
Wellesley College, 4
Welling, Robert, 8-9
Wendell Phillips School, 33
Westbrook, Wesley, 247, 255, 340, 395 Western Federation of Miners (WFM),
Walgreen's drugstore, 88-89, 96 Wa llace, Lew, 34
Wanderer, Carl, 210-14
Wanderer, Ruth, 210-11, 212
Wantz, Mathilda (Sweetie), 31-32, 348 Ward, Charles, 65-66
Washing ton Evening Star, 420, 450 Watkins, Maurine, 326
Watkins, Rachel, 186166, 179 - 80
WGN radio, 272, 274, 276
X-rays, 351
broadcast of verdict, 400
Wharton, Charles, 17
Whipp, Frank, 429
White, Stanford, 268-69, 415
White, William Alanson, 256-60, 262, 265, 374, 420
aftermath of Leopold and Loeb case, 420-21
American psychiatry and, 266-68 appearance of, 256, 307
credentials, 256-57
cross-examination of, 312-15 death of, 421, 447
psychiatric examination of Leopold and Loeb, 257-60
testimony in court hearing, 292-93, 303, 305, 307-11
Whitman, John L., 408
Wickman, E. Kester, 214
Wilkins, Ernest, 125
Wilkinson, Janet, 21-22, 197-201, 206, 372
Will, Ida, 191
Williams, Andrew, 363
Williams, Richard, 6-7, 16, 17
Wills Saint Claire automobile, 127
Willys-Knight automobile, 77
green, rental (murder vehicle), 76-78, 141
Leopold's red sports car, 56, 65, 75-78, 89-90, 127-28, 129, 233
Wilson, Francis, 275
Wilson, Walter, 16, 17
Wilson, Woodrow, 183, 424
Winton automobile, 19-21, 25
Wolf, Melvin, 230-31
Wolf Lake Forest Preserve
crime scene
, 10-12, 62
disposal of body, 85-86, 140
gray Winton automobile spotted at, 19, 20
Leopold birding with George Lewis at, 68-69, 103, 113-15
Leopold takes students birding at, 105, 108
Women's Bar Association of Illinois, 275
World War I, 183
morality of the 1920s and, 376
of Leopold and Loeb, 252, 330-31, 335
Yaffe, James, 450
Yale University, 198, 202 Yost, Fielding, 55
Young, Hobart, 224
Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, 120
57-58, 71
as Jewish fraternity, 57
Loeb in, 47
robbery of, by Leopold and Loeb, 56-58 Underwood typewriter stolen from,
at University of Chicago, 58, 99
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
1 .
Robert (Bobby) Franks. Frontispiece to Jack Franks, My Blessed Little Pal (n.p., 1926), in Box 1, Nathan F. Leopold Collection, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.2. The drainage culvert. New York Herald Tribune Photograph Morgue, Long Island Division, Queens Borough Public Library.
3 .
The Harvard School. Frontispiece to The Harvard School for Boys (n.p., 1923) in Box 80, Records of Hyde Park Historical Society, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
4 .
Richard (Dickie)Loeb. New York World-Telegram and Sun Photograph Morgue, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.5. Richard Loeb. New York World-Telegram and Sun Photo
6. Il Circolo Italiano. From Cap and Gown, 28 (1923): 186.
7 .
Nathan (Babe) Leopold. New York World-Telegram and Sun Photograph Morgue, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.8. Zeta Beta Tau fraternity house. Zeta Beta Tau Fraternity, Inc., 3905 Vincennes Road, Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46268.
9. The ransom demand. Chris Jouan, Jouan Illustration.
1 . The ransom letter. Harold Hulbert Collection, University Archives, Northwestern University Library.
1 .
1 . The Law School, University of Chicago. Picture of Stuart Hall, ID: apf2-07881, Series II (Buildings and Grounds), Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.Willys-Knight automobile. Collection of the author.
1 . The kidnapping. Chris Jouan, Jouan Illustration.
1 . Disposal of the body. Chris Jouan, Jouan Illustration.
1 .
Inside the state's attorney's office. New York WorldTelegram and Sun Photograph Morgue, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
1 .
1 . Clarence Darrow. Box 22, Elmer Gertz Collection, McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University Library.Robert Crowe. New York World-Telegram and Sun Photo
18 .
Waiting for habeas corpus. New York Herald Tribune Photograph Morgue, Long Island Division, Queens Borough Public Library.
