by Neal Bascomb
After their antics: Winchester, pp. 178–80.
Twenty-four hours: Rathborne Account, TNA: AIR 1/7/726/129/1.
On his arrival: Speech Notes, Officer POW Dining Club, Leeds: POW-072.
Although the skyline: Rathborne Account, TNA: AIR 1/7/726/129/1; Herwig, p. 288.
On their own: Durnford, pp. 143–47; July 24–August 3, 1918, Diary, HFD.
Never one to: Durnford, p. 145.
“Having a lovely time”: “The Men Who Dug a Tunnel,” Evening Standard, July 24, 1958.
Always careful, but: Bennett and Tullis Interview, LJB; Bennett, “A Little Introduction Speech,” LJB; Recollections of L. J. Bennett, Oral History, LIDD.
“cheerio”: Bousfield, “An Exciting Escape.”
Tullis and Purves: Tullis, unpublished memoir, JKT.
After Bennett and Campbell-Martin: Bousfield, “An Exciting Escape.”
The dogs were: Winchester, pp. 182–83.
They had rations: Letter from Cita Kennard, August 1918, CK.
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE
As the sky: Bennett and Tullis Interview, LJB.
Later that day: Morrogh, unpublished memoir, JDM.
In the dark: Recollections of L. J. Bennett, Oral History, LIDD; Bennett, “A Little Introduction Speech,” LJB.
One foot after: Winchester, pp. 183–84.
The same Sunday: Bennett and Tullis Interview, LJB.
Armed sentries: Caunter, pp. 209–13; Gilliland, p. 230.
By observing the: Bennett, “A Little Introduction Speech,” LJB.
“Halt!”: Recollections of L. J. Bennett, Oral History, LIDD.
On the morning: Escape Route Map, Papers of C. Kennard, RAF; Winchester, pp. 184–85
At twilight, Gray: Letter from Cita Kennard, August 1918, CK.
The three airmen: Winchester, pp. 185–88.
mental endurance to: Blain, unpublished memoir, IWM-B.
It was approaching: Cypher telegram from Rotterdam, August 8, 1918,TNA: FO 383/381.
They crept slowly: Winchester, pp. 185–88.
“Duck!” he warned: Ibid., p. 187.
Together they yawped: Letter from Blain to Uncle Hugh, August 28, 1918; Letter from Cita Kennard, August 1918, CK.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
“Escaped and arrived”: Telegram from Kennard, August 1918, Papers of C. Kennard, RAF.
Secret cables: Return to U.K. of British Prisoners-of-War Escaped from Germany, August 7, 1918, TNA: FO 383/381.
“British Prisoners”: New York Times, August 7, 1918.
On the evening: Cypher Telegram, August 7, 1918, TNA: FO 383/381; Harrison, p. 183.
The next morning: Tullis, unpublished memoir, JKT.
From the window: Gilliland, pp. 256–59.
“take three months’”: Harrison, p. 183.
“The Queen joins”: Letter to Blain, 1918, CWB.
“The Tunnel to”: Daily Sketch, December 18, 1918.
“Daring Escape”: Evening Express, August 26, 1918.
Despite all the: Service Record of D. B. Gray, British Indian Army Records, BA; Money, p. 151; Service Record of C. Blain, CWB.
On August 16, 1918: Harvey, pp. 301–5.
“I have such”: Harvey, “Treasury,” GA.
“This is the”: Harvey, p. 316.
In the period: Cypher Telegram from Netherlands, August 24, 1918, TNA: FO 383/399; Durnford, pp. 146–54; Statement by M. S. Fryer, TNA: FO 383/400.
continued escape: August–September 1918, Diary, HFD.
“conspiring to destroy”: Hanson, pp. 300–304.
Finding the indictment: Beglsubigte Abschrift, Papers of R. M. Paddison, LIDD: POW-049.
“having made an”: Schmitt, IWM.
But with 250,000: Herwig, p. 403.
“They would all”: September 29–October 2, 1918, Diary, HFD.
Of course, Niemeyer: Durnford, p. 159.
“always done all”: New York Times, December 15, 1918.
“The war will”: October 2–5, 1918, Diary, HFD.
“You see, I”: New York Times, December 15, 1918.
“The war is over!”: “A Parting Word,” Pamphlets for Repatriates, IWM.
Yet this farewell: Unpublished memoir, Papers of R. Gough, LIDD: POW-029; December 9–10, 1918, Diary, HFD.
“awe, envy”: James Whale, “Our Life at Holzminden,” Wide World Magazine, undated, Papers of J. Whale, IWM.
EPILOGUE
On the evening: Holzminden Tunnel, 20th Anniversary Dinner pamphlet, JKT.
“gallant and able”: Letter from Keeper of the Privy Purse, February 5, 1919, CWB.
“His untimely death”: “Prisoners in Germany,” unsourced newsclip, March 9, 1935, Papers of C. Kennard, IWM.
“enemy officers”: Hanson, p. 329.
“I know damn”: Ibid., p. 337.
Although fifty-five: Author Interview with Jane Gray.
In total, 573: Lewis-Stempel, pp. 190–91.
“improbable but possible”: Notes, Bennett MI9 lecture, LJB.
Before the collapse: Foot, p. 5, Appendix I. As Foot and Langley admit, these numbers are but a best-guess approximation.
“Do as you”: Author interview with Laurie Vaughan.
Bibliography
ARCHIVES
Australian War Memorial, Australia
British Library, UK
Bundesarchiv, Germany
Tasmanian State Archives, Australia
F. W. Harvey Collection, Gloucestershire Archives, UK
Archives and Special Collections, Hamilton Public Library, Canada
Prisoners of the First World War, ICRC Historical Archives, Switzerland
Imperial War Museums, UK
Liddle Collection, University of Leeds Special Collections, UK
Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, UK
Sandwell Community History and Archives, UK
National Archives, Kew, UK
PERSONAL PAPERS
Bennett, Leonard J. (Courtesy of Laurie Vaughan)
Blain, Cecil (Courtesy of Hugh Lowe)
Clouston, Andrew (Courtesy of Pete Clouston)
Dougall, Hector (Courtesy of Brenda Merriman)
Gray, David (Courtesy of Jane Gray)
Harvey, F. W. (Courtesy of Gloucestershire Archives and the Harvey Family)
Kennard, Caspar (Courtesy of C. A. Kennard and Diana Gillyatt)
Leggatt, E. W. (Courtesy of Margaret Pretorius)
Lyon, Peter (Courtesy of Louise Lyon)
Mallahan, Patrick (Courtesy of Jacqueline Mallahan)
Morrogh, John (Courtesy of Julyan Peard and Tony Wheatley)
Tullis, John K. (Courtesy of Keil Tullis and Brian Tullis)
INTERVIEWS
Jane Gray
Laurie Vaughan
Diana Gillyatt
Hugh Lowe
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Index
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Page numbers in italics indicate maps.
A
Aachen, Germany, 238
Aachen prison camp, 198–200, 257, 259
Age of Reason, 46
Agincourt, Battle of (1415), 45
Airman Died in the Great War (Hobson), 276 n11
Albatros D.III biplanes, 31, 36–37, 83, 97
Allouche, Captain, 53, 60–63, 78, 93
Antwerp, Siege of (1914), 72
Archies (shells), 5–6
Aristotle, 44
Armistice, 262–63
Arras, Battle of (1917), 168
Assam, India, 32
Australian Imperial Force, 140–41
aviation, and revolution in warfare, 8, 9
