by Unknown
Brennan, M. 1985. Brennan's war. New York: Pocket Books.
Broadfoot, B. 1974. Six war years 1939-1945. New York: Doubleday.
Brooks, J. S., and T. Scarano, 1985. Transcendental meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustments. Journal of Counselling and Development 64 (3), 212-15.
Clausewitz, C. M. von. 1976. On war. Ed. 2nd trans. M. Howard and P. Paret.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Cooper, J. 1985. Principles of personal defense. Boulder, Colo.: Paladin Press.
Crump, L. D. 1984. Gestalt therapy in the treatment of Vietnam veterans experiencing PTSD symptomatology. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 14 (1), 90-98.
Davidson, S. 1967. A clinical classification of psychiatric disturbances of Holocaust survivors and their treatment. The Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines 5, 96-98.
Dinter, E. 1985. Hero or coward: pressures facing the soldier in battle. London: Frank Cass and Company.
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
349
Dyer, G. 1985. War. London: Guild Publishing.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. 1975. The biology of peace and war: men, animals, and aggression.
New York: Viking Press.
Fromm, E. 1973. The anatomy of human destructiveness. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fussell, P. 1989. Wartime. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gabriel, R. A. 1986. Military psychiatry: a comparative perspective. New York: Greenport Press.
. 1987. No more heroes: madness and psychiatry in war. New York: Hill and Wang.
Geer, F. C. 1983. Marine-machine to poet of the rocks: poetry therapy as a bridge to inner reality: some exploratory observations. Arts in Psychotherapy 10 (1), 9-14.
Glass, A. J. 1957. Observations on the epidemiology of mental illness in troops during warfare. Symposium on Prevention and Social Psychiatry. Washington, D.C.: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
. 1953. Psychiatry in the Korean campaign. A historical review. U.S.
Armed Forces Medical Journal 4 (11), 1563-83.
Glenn, R. W. Apr. 1989. Men and fire in Vietnam. Army: Journal of the Association of the United States Army, 18-27.
Goodwin, Jim. 1988. Post-traumatic stress disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Disabled American Veterans.
Gordon, T. 1977. Enola Gay. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Gray, J. G. 1970. The Warriors: Reflections on Men in Battle. London.
Greene, B. 1989. Homecoming: when the soldiers returned from Vietnam. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Griffith, P. 1989. Battle tactics of the civil war. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Grossman, D. A. May 1984. Moral approach only the start: the bottom line in P.O.W. treatment. Army: Journal of the Association of the United States Army, 15-16.
Harris, F. G. 1956. Experiences in the study of combat in the Korean theater.
Vol II. Comments on a concept of psychiatry for a combat zone. WRAIR
Research Report 165-66. Washington, D.C.: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
Havighurst, R. J., W. H. Eaton, J. W. Baughman, and E. W. Burgess. 1951.
The American veteran back home. New York: Longmans, Green and Co.
Heckler, R. S. 1989. In search of the warrior spirit. Berkeley, Calif: North Atlantic Books.
Hendin, H. 1983. Psychotherapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorders. American Journal of Psychotherapy 37 (1), 86-99.
Holmes, R. 1985. Acts of war: the behavior of men in battle. New York: Free Press.
Hooker, R. D. 1993. Maneuver warfare: an anthology. Novato, Calif: Presidio Press.
350
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Ingraham, L., and F. Manning. Aug. 1980. Psychiatric battle casualties: the missing column in the war without replacements. Military Review 21.
Junger, E. 1929. The storm of steel. London.
Keegan, J. 1976. The face of battle. Suffolk, England: Chaucer Press.
Keegan, J., and R. Holmes. 1985. Soldiers. London: Guild Publishing.
Keillor, G. 1994. "Hog Slaughter." A Prairie Home Companion. Prod. Minnesota Public Radio.
Kupper, H. I. 1945. Back to life. New York: American Book-Stratford Press.
Lawrence, T. E. 1926. Seven pillars of wisdom. New York: Doubleday.
Leonhard, R. 1991. The art of maneuver: maneuver-warfare theory and airland battle.
Novato, Calif: Presidio Press.
Lind, W. S. 1985. Maneuver warfare handbook. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
. Retro-culture. Unpublished manuscript.
Lord, F. A. 1976. Civil war collector's encyclopedia. Harrisburg, Pa.: The Stack-pole Co.
Lorenz, K. 1963. On aggression. New York: Bantam Books.
McCormack, N. A. 1985. Cognitive therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: a case report. American Mental Health Counselors Associationfournal 7 (4), 151-55.
Manchester, W. 1981. Goodbye, darkness. London: Penguin Books.
Mantell, D. M. 1974. True Americanism: green berets and war resisters; a study of commitment. New York: Teachers College Press.
Marin, P. Nov. 1981. Living in moral pain. Psychology Today, 68-80.
Marshall, J. D. 1994. Reconciliation Road. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Marshall, S. L. A. 1978. Men Against fire. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith.
Masters, J. 1956. Road past Mandalay. New York: Viking Press.
Mauldin, B. 1945. Upfront. New York: H. Wolff.
Mclntyre, B. F. 1963. Federals on the Frontier. Tilky, N.M. ed. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press.
Metelmann, H. 1964. Through hell for Hitler: a dramatic first hand account of fighting for the Wehrmacht. London: Harper Collins.
Milgram, S. 1963. Behavioral study of obedience, fournal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67, 371-78.
Miller, M. J. 1983. Empathy and the Vietnam veteran: touching the forgotten warrior. Personnel & Guidance fournal 62 (3), 149-54.
Montagu, A. 1976. The nature of human aggression. New York: Oxford University Press.
Moran, L. 1945. Anatomy of courage. London: Constable and Company.
Moskos, Charles C, Jr. 1970. The American Enlisted Man. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. »-
Murry, Simon. 1978. My five years in the French Foreign Legion. New York: Times Books.
Ryan, C. 1966. The last battle. New York: Popular Library.
Sager, G. 1968. The forgotten soldier. New York: Harper and Row.
Santoli, A. 1985. To bear any burden. New York: E. P. Dutton.
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
351
Shalit, B. 1988. The psychology of conflict and combat. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Spiegel, H. X. 1973. Psychiatry with an infantry battalion in North Africa. In Neuropsychiatry in World War II, ed. W. S. Mullens and A. J. Glass. Vol. 2, Overseas theaters. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 111-26.
Stellman, J. M., and S. Stellman. 1988. Post traumatic stress disorders among American Legionnaires in relation to combat experience: associated and contributing factors. Environmental Research 47 (2), 175-210.
Stouffer, S. A., et al. 1949. The American Soldier. 5 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Swank, R. L., and W. E. Marchand. 1946. Combat neuroses: development of combat exhaustion. Archives of Neurology and Psychology 55, 236-47.
Waller, W. 1944. The veteran comes back. New York: Dryden Press.
Watson, P. 1978. War on the mind: the military uses and abuses of psychology. New York: Basic Books.
Wecter, D. 1944. When Johnny comes marching home. Cambridge, Mass.: River-side Press.
Weinberg, S. K. 1946. The combat neuroses. American Journal of Sociology 51, 465-78.
Weinstein, E. A. 1973. The fifth U.S. Army Neuropsychiatric Center — "601
st." In Neuropsychiatry in World War II, ed. W. S. Mullens and A. J. Glass.
Vol. 2, Overseas theaters. Wash
ington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 127-42.
. 1947. The function of interpersonal relations in the neurosis of combat.
Psychiatry 10, 307-14.
Personal Narratives from Soldier of Fortune Magazine Anderson, R. B. Nov. 1988. Parting shot: Vietnam was fun (?), 96.
Banko, S. Oct. 1988. Sayonara Chery-San, 26.
Barclay, G. Apr. 1984. Rhodesia's hand-picked professionals, 30.
Bray, D. Aug. 1989. Prowling for POWs, 35,75.
Doyle, E. Aug. 1983. Three battles, part 2: the war down South, 39.
Dye, D. A. Sept. 1985. Chuck Cramer: IDF's master sniper, 60.
Freeman, J. Summer 1976. Angola fiasco, 38.
Horowitz, D. Jan. 1987. From Left to Right, 103.
Howard, J. June 1979. SOF interviews Chris Dempster, 64.
John, Dr. Nov. 1984. American in ARDE, 70.
Kathman, M. Aug. 1983. Triangle tunnel rat, 44.
McKenna, B. Oct. 1986. Combat weaponcraft, 16.
McLean, D. Apr. 1988. Firestorm, 68.
Morris, J. May 1982. Killers in retirement, 29.
. Dec. 1984. Make Pidgin Talk, 44.
Norris, W. Nov. 1987. Rhodesia's fireforce commandos, 64.
352
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Roberts, C. May 1989. Master sniper's one shot saves, 26.
Stewart, H. March 1978. Tet 68: rangers in action — Saigon, 24.
Stuart-Smyth, A. May 1989. Congo horror: peacekeeper's journey into the heart of darkness, 66.
Thompson, J. Oct. 1985. Combat weaponcraft, 22.
. June 1988. Hidden enemies, 21.
Tucker, D. Jan. 1978. High risk/low pay: freelancing in Cambodia, 34.
Uhernik, N. Oct. 1979. Battle of blood: near the end in Saigon, 38.
The author is grateful for permission to include the following previously copy-righted material:
Cooper, J. Principles of Personal Defense. Copyright © 1985 by Jeff Cooper.
Reprinted with permission of Paladin Press.
Dyer, G. War. Copyright © 1986 by Gwynne Dyer. Reprinted with permission of the author.
Gabriel, R. A. No More Heroes: Madness and Psychiatry in War. Copyright ©
1987 by Richard A. Gabriel. Reprinted with permission of Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc.
Gray, J. G. The Warriors: Reflections on Men in Battle. Copyright © 1959 by J.
Glenn Gray; © renewed 1987 by Ursula A. Gray. Reprinted with permission of Ursula A. Gray.
Griffith, P. Battle Tactics of the Civil War. Copyright © 1987 by Paddy Griffith.
Reprinted with permission of the author.
Grossman, D. A. "Moral Approach Only the Start: The Bottom Line in P.O.W. Treatment" in Army: Journal of the Association of the United States
-Army. Copyright © 1984 by the Association of the U.S. Army. Reprinted with permission of Army magazine.
Heckler, R. S. In Search of the Warrior Spirit. Copyright © 1990, 1992 by Richard Strozzi Heckler. Reprinted with permission of North Atlantic Books.
Holmes, R. Acts of War: The Behavior of Men in Battle. Copyright © 1985 by Richard Holmes. Reprinted with permission of the author.
Keegan, J. The Face of Battle. Copyright © 1976 by John Keegan. Reprinted with permission of Shiel Land Associates.
Keegan, J., and R. Holmes. Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle. Copyright ©
1985 by John Keegan, Richard Holmes, and John Gau Productions. R e -
printed with permission of Shiel Land Associates.
Keillor, G. "Hog Slaughter," from "A Prairie Home Companion," produced by Minnesota Public Radio. Copyright © 1994 by Garrison Keillor. R e -
printed with permission of the author.
Moran, L. Anatomy of Courage. Copyright 1987, Constable & Company Ltd., London. Reprinted with permission of Constable Publishers, Constable and Company Limited, 3 The Lanchesters, 162 Fulham Palace Road, London W6 9ER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
353
Many of the quotes within this book are from personal interviews with the author. As mentioned in the acknowledgements, another major source for this book has been Soldier of Fortune magazine. In the environment of condemnation and accusation that existed immediately after the Vietnam War, SOF was the only national forum in which Vietnam veterans could attain some degree of closure by writing of their experiences in a sympathetic and nonjudgmental environment.
I would ask those who would prejudge this material as "mindless machismo"
to observe the true nature of these narratives. Many of these veterans tell of instances in which they did not kill the enemy even when they had every reason and justification to do so; and many tell of the shock and trauma associated with having killed, and the guilt and anguish which followed their experiences.
I want to thank Colonel (retired) Alex McColl, at Soldier of Fortune, for his support and assistance in using these quotes (a detailed listing of which can be found in the bibliography) and I would like to thank all of the authors of these and every other work quoted in this book, and all of those whom I have had the priviledge to interview as a part of this study. This book — indeed this entirly new field of study, which I have termed killology — would not be possible were it not for those who have gone before us, the veterans and authors on whose shoulders this study stands.
Index
acceptance, of killing. See rationalization and Arab-Israeli War, 43
acceptance, of killing
archetypes, behavioral, 184, 340-41
accountability. See comrades,
Arendt, Hannah, 207
accountability to
Army, U.S., 34, 35, 68, 82, 189, 253, 255.
acute combat reaction, 36
See also Army Rangers, U.S.
aggravated assault, 299—301
Air Corps, 30, 181
aggression
fear acceptable in, 53
absence of empathy and, 182—83
Special Forces, 68, 129, 257
distance, effect of, 97
Army Life pamphlet, 53
emotional withdrawal and, 160
Army magazine, 34, 35
facing, 61-62, 76-78, 81
Army Rangers, U.S., 67-68, 71
genetic predisposition for, 181, 182
knife-kill training, 129
in Nazi death camps, 78-79
POW treatment, training in, 204
obedience and, 141-43
in Somalia, 258
patterns of, 6, 181
Arnold, Tracy, 132
resistance to engaging in, 54, 76—78
artillery, 11, 27, 57-58, 59, 80, 97, 107-08
response to, 5-16
assassins, 160, 306-07
sex and, 134—37
atomic bombs, 99, 102, 108, 331
training for, 319. See also conditioning atrocities, 105, 263
aggressive psychopaths. See psychopaths, in Congo, 217-21
aggressive
defined, 194
Airborne, U.S. Army, 68
denial of, 211-13
air combat. See pilots
empowerment through, 205-10,
Air Force, U.S., 30, 182
214-15
Alexander, General, 85
enabling enemy through, 216, 221
Alexander the Great, 12-13, 120, 128-29
group absolution in, 224-25
ambush patrols, 60-61, 196-99
legitimizing of, 214
amnesia, 46
power of, 203-15
Anderson, R. B., 236
psychological trauma of committing,
Andrade, D„ 282
222-26
Angell, Norman, 33
range of, 195-202
animal response patterns, 5-6
refusal to participate in, 224, 225-26
anonymity, effect of, 151—53
self-destructive nature of, 214-16, 221
anxiety states, 47
self-pr
eservation in, 225, 226
Appel, J. W., 52
U.S. position on, 205
I N D E X 355
in Vietnam War. See Vietnam War Bush, George, 242
attrition warfare, 80-81
authority. See obedience-demanding
Calley, William, 104, 145, 190
authority
Cambodia, genocide in, 212
cannons, 11, 154
Babylon, destruction of, 102-04
Canterwall, Brandon, 329
back stabbing, 127-29, 173
Caputo, Phillip, 79
Banko, Steve, 146, 173, 174, 196, 294
Carrington, Charles, 200
Barbusse, Henri, 72
Catton, Bruce, 26
Bartlett, F. C, 69, 94
censorship, 326-27
Bashan, Gaby, 199
character disorders, 48
basic training, 190, 317
chariots, 153
Battle of the Bulge, 204, 216
chase instinct, 127-29
bayoneting, 98, 120-26, 337
children
in Nazi death camps, 104
effect of movies/videos on, 308,
training in, 121, 123, 190
314-16, 322
Beebe, G. W., 52
killing of, 174-75, 266-67, 287
behavioral archetypes, 184, 340-41
China, atrocities in, 215
Belgrade, Battle of, 10-11
Churchill, Winston, 166, 242
Berkun, Mitchell, 52, 53
civilians
Bettelheim, B., 335
as bombing victims. See bombing, mass Bible, 132, 337-39
close-range killing of, 199-202, 263,
Binyon, Laurence, 62
265-67, 287
bomber crews, 59, 65, 79, 100-02, 104,
Civil War, U.S.
107-08
attacks during flight, 127
bombing, mass, 55-58, 79, 80, 97, 99-102,
discarded weapons in, 21—25
104, 105, 106
edged-weapons combat in, 123
bombings, strategic, 207—08
ineffective firing in, 11
bonding
killing rates, 184, 333
to comrades, 90, 149-50, 153, 210-11,
legal justification for, 166-67
269-70, 275-76
musket fire in, 10
to leaders, 144, 210-11
nonfirers in, 17-27
through atrocities, 210-11, 214-15
social support for, 279-80
Borowski, Tadeusz, 102-04
civil wars, 25, 160, 166
Bosnia, 211, 215
classical conditioning, 252-53, 255, 317
