by Tim Kring
Pyle had been missing for forty-eight hours, so BC had no idea if he would be in time. The victim in the story was a boxer called Ole Andreson, who was killed by a pair of mob hit men for not agreeing to throw a fight. There was only one boxing club in Summit. BC asked the owner if any of his regulars had failed to show up in the past forty-eight hours, and indeed one, Willie Stevenson, had been conspicuously absent that day. Once the nut was cracked, everything fell into place, but even so, BC wouldn’t have been in time if Pyle hadn’t been so scrupulous in his reenactments. In the story, a pair of killers go to a restaurant called Henry’s Lunch Room, where Ole Andreson normally takes his meals. They hold the “nigger” cook and the soda boy, Nick Adams, for several hours, but when it becomes clear their target isn’t going to come that day, they leave, presumably to look for Andreson elsewhere. BC learned after it was all over that Pyle had gone to a local diner called Hank’s, lingering there for nearly four hours and brazenly telling a fourteen-year-old boy what he was going to do. The boy, Philip Rothman, had not believed him at first, but ultimately decided to look up Pyle’s quarry in the phone book. By the time Philip got to Stevenson’s house, Pyle had subdued his victim, but he was still alive. Philip’s chivalric arrival was a deviation from the script, however—the whole point of the story, Pyle would insist at his trial, was that no one raised a hand to save Ole Andreson’s life (just as, he elaborated, Quentin’s family failed to come to his aid and Nick Carraway was complicit in the cover-up that led to Jay Gatsby’s death). At any rate, Pyle spent nearly an hour deciding how to proceed, finally electing to tie Philip to a chair and force him to watch; at the trial he would say that this seemed most “thematically consistent” with the story’s depiction of young Nick Adams as a passive witness to evil. Before he could kill Stevenson, however, BC arrived and saved the day—and, ironically, ruined his career.
Because it should have been a career-making case. He’d taken a pair of unconnected events separated by ten months and nearly five hundred miles and sniffed out the serialized crimes of a killer with a rather singular read on literature. He had gauged his target’s predilections so accurately that he’d been able to head him off before he could kill again. But unfortunately for BC, Sammy Caputo, the owner of the Summit Boxing Rink, got a little too excited by an FBI agent inquiring into a possible connection between organized crime and the boxers at his gym. He called the Star-Ledger in Newark and told a reporter that “a G-man” was about to “pinch a big-time gangster,” possibly a member of Jersey’s own DeCavalcante family. The reporter, cameraman in tow, had been on Stevenson’s front steps as BC led Pyle out in handcuffs, Stevenson following with a large gash on his forehead, and Philip Rothman staring up at the intrepid, insightful federal agent with worshipful eyes. BC would remember the flash forever, not because he sensed any foreboding in it, but because he hadn’t realized it was dark out. He had been so focused on capturing Pyle that he hadn’t noticed the sun had gone down, as if he had broken the case not with his eyes and ears but some other faculty that operated independently of his senses.
The photograph was on the front page the next morning. Later that day BC found himself in the office of J. Edgar Hoover for the first time in his four years at the Bureau. He told himself he was going to get a promotion or commendation, and technically speaking, he did: COINTELPRO was an elite division, one that agents had to earn their way into. But BC’s assignments were anything but elite. He was sent all across the rural South to stake out meetings and sit-ins and “Freedom Rides” by a host of groups whose acronyms he had trouble keeping straight, let alone what they stood for: SCLC, SNCC, CORE. Often he was the only white man present in these groups, which made his undercover status an open secret, if not simply a farce. Though he heard lots of rhetoric in these meetings about “shaking things up” and “blowing the lid off the establishment” and “throwing out the old order,” the most serious infractions he witnessed were misdemeanor violations of various Jim Crow laws, which were beyond his purview to enforce even if he’d wanted to. It was not, as he would write in the resignation letters he began typing up after six months at his new post, what he had signed on for. Nor was it what he deserved.
Querrey had known what he was risking when he set off after Pyle—independent thought wasn’t a trait Hoover looked for in his agents—known, too, how much worse he’d made things by allowing the photographer to take his picture. The director felt the lure of publicity was a distraction to a federal agent, and the only employee of the Bureau who was allowed to give interviews without prior permission was Hoover himself. BC had not in fact answered any of the reporter’s questions, but he hadn’t asked for the photographer’s film either. In fact, he’d smiled. He couldn’t help it. He was proud of himself. He knew that what he’d done was exceptional. But pride had no place in Hoover’s FBI, nor even, on some level, did prowess. The director had famously turned down an application from Eliot Ness, the man who brought down Al Capone, when the former, a Prohibition agent under the Treasury Department, wanted to switch to the broader purview of the Bureau; Hoover described Ness as a “publicity hound” and would have nothing to do with him. Similarly, when FBI Agent Melvin Purvis became a national hero for breaking up a string of gangs in the early thirties, including those of Baby Face Nelson, Ma Barker, and Pretty Boy Floyd, Hoover began to pick apart the man’s record and assignments, until by 1935, barely a year after he brought down the Dillinger gang, Purvis was forced to resign. BC knew that that’s what Hoover wanted him to do, and at this point defying his boss was the only thing that kept him in the Bureau. But it was a perverse game, and BC didn’t know how much longer he could play it.
The worst part, though, was the book reports. In their brief interview, Hoover hadn’t asked BC why he’d pursued a case outside his jurisdiction or why he went so far as to violate the chain of command in order to apprehend the suspect himself. Nor did he mention the photograph. Instead he asked seemingly straightforward questions about how BC had figured out what Pyle was up to. He seemed particularly fascinated by BC’s literary knowledge—the new president had recently told a reporter that he was a fan of Ian Fleming’s 007 novels, but the director confessed he hadn’t read a work of fiction since his sophomore year at George Washington. The next day Gladys Miller delivered a copy of the Negro writer Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man, along with a note from the director saying that he’d heard Ellison was a Communist sympathizer and had given the American Marxist movement “moral and intellectual succor” in his novel. Hoover was afraid such sentiments might “inspire” a reader in the same way Freddie Pyle had been inspired by Fitzgerald, Faulkner, and Hemingway. Would Querrey examine the novel and provide a profile as to what kind of crime such a novel might engender?
BC was surprised, but complied, reading the novel in three evenings and filing his report on the fourth. The book itself he found fairly straightforward and a bit tedious; if it was intended to incite the masses, it stuck him as self-defeating. Certainly “racist” whites were depicted and derided (although their characterization struck BC as so one-dimensional that he doubted anyone, even a Negro, would find them believable, let alone culpable), but so too was virtually every racialist movement. In addition, the main character’s antisocial tendencies, sexual compulsiveness, and psychological problems made him a less-than-inspiring agent of social change. What Hoover thought of this interpretation BC never heard, but more books followed almost every day. The “Beat sickness” was particularly onerous to Hoover, and he sent over a veritable library of works by Jack Kerouac, William S. Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg, along with John Clellon Holmes’s essay “This Is the Beat Generation,” Norman Mailer’s “The White Negro,” and the work of James Baldwin, who, though not a Beat himself, seemed to espouse most of their worst beliefs—inversion, racial equality, Communist sympathies, and a taste for mind-altering substances. When Hoover discovered that Sidney Gottlieb, the head of CIA’s Technical Services Section, often looked to spy novels and scien
ce fiction for inspiration, a slew of pulp paperbacks arrived on Querrey’s desk: Day of the Jackal by Frederick Forsyth, The Manchurian Candidate by Richard Condon, Cat’s Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert Heinlein.
The irony in all of this was that BC was not, in fact, a reader. His mother was. Or rather had been, since she’d died almost two years ago. Widowed before she turned thirty, the pious Mrs. Querrey had divided the rest of her life between two great comforts: the church, which she attended every morning (Reformed Calvinist, a modern version of the French Huguenot tradition from which she was descended), and the novel, which she read every afternoon, evening, and often all through the night. A serious Protestant, Mrs. Querrey had preferred edifying or educational texts (hence Faulkner and Hemingway, though she would have agreed with Freddie Pyle’s assertion that there had been no novels worthy of the name since the Second World War). Because her son didn’t share her interests (in either the church or literature), Mrs. Querrey recounted the plots of everything she read in lieu of dinner conversation. BC did his best to tune her out with a criminology textbook or forensic handbook or even just a newspaper (where, after all, you learned about the real world, rather than a fantasyland someone had made up to prove a point), but long before Hoover began forcing him to read them, he had come to regard the novel as did Cid Hamete Benengeli, aka Mr. Eggplant, the fictional author of Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote: they made you crazy. Just look at his mother, after all. And of course Freddie Pyle.
1. The Warren Commission. Officially the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy but better known by the name of its chairman, Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. The commission was created by Lyndon Johnson on November 29, 1963, to investigate John F. Kennedy’s death and concluded just under a year later that Lee Harvey Oswald planned and carried out the shooting with no outside assistance. One of the commission’s lawyers, Arlen Specter, the future senator from Pennsylvania, is credited with the commission’s most controversial finding, the “magic bullet” theory, which postulated that the second of the three bullets Lee Harvey Oswald fired from the sixth floor Book Depository window was responsible for all of the wounds to both President Kennedy and Governor Connolly save for Kennedy’s head trauma.
2. The Monroe Doctrine. One of the defining concepts of U.S. foreign policy, the Monroe Doctrine declared that any attempts by European powers to colonize or exert undue influence in the New World would be viewed as acts of aggression toward the United States. A logical (if equally self-aggrandizing) corollary to Manifest Destiny, the Monroe Doctrine was largely symbolic when it was first articulated, but as the United States became a world economic and military power, the doctrine came to be seen as one of the cornerstones of American strength. While Europe and Asia squabbled over slivers of territory and resources, the United States was free to concentrate on growing the largest economy the world had ever seen. Eventually, as military and transport technology shrank the world, the doctrine was more and more frequently put to the test. Among other things, it was jus ad bellum behind Theodore Roosevelt’s 1898 invasion of Cuba, which set in motion a chain of events that led to Fidel Castro’s revolution, the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and several rumored conspiracies to assassinate John F. Kennedy.
3. Sam “Momo” Giancana. The leader of the so-called Chicago Outfit from 1957. Rumors about his influence on American politics abound, from the disputed claim that he gave Chicago to Jack Kennedy in the 1960 election, thus securing him Illinois’ Electoral College votes as well as the presidency, to the much more solid allegation that he was paid large amounts of money by CIA to assassinate Fidel Castro. Despite all of this (or perhaps because of it), Giancana was also one of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy’s biggest targets during his relentless prosecution of organized crime in the early sixties. Giancana, feeling that quid pro quo had been violated, articulated on numerous occasions his desire to kill the elder Kennedy in order to get rid of the younger: the reasoning went that if you killed Bobby Kennedy, then his crusade against organized crime would become a kind of holy quest on the part of both his older brother and the American people; but if you killed Jack, then LBJ would end up in the Oval Office. Johnson’s dislike of the Kennedys was well known, and it was assumed that once he became president, Bobby would be relieved of his post—which is, in fact, what happened. In 1975, Giancana was scheduled to testify to a Senate committee about connections between organized crime and the Kennedy assassination when someone broke into his home and shot him seven times in the head.
4. J. Edgar Hoover. The founding director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hoover held the post for more than forty years, until he died in office in 1972. When Hoover took over the Bureau, it had about 650 employees; by the time he died, it had more than 7,000. Hoover’s reputation as a vigilant crime fighter and anti-Communist was tainted by a host of rumors and allegations, including the claim that he was a homosexual, had African American ancestry, and kept secret files on a wide variety of American politicians, businessmen, and celebrities in order to ensure that he stayed in power. When he died, thousands of pages of his files were shredded by his secretary, Helen Gandy, before the truth or falsehood of the latter claim could be substantiated.
5. The Myth of Orpheus. Orpheus is well-known today as the singer who journeyed to hell to recover his dead wife, only to lose her at the last minute when he turned to look at her. Equally important in the ancient world, however, was what Orpheus did afterward: as the only mortal to have seen hell, Orpheus became the object of a potent “mystery cult” that claimed special knowledge about what happened to the human soul after the body died, and ways to secure advantages in the afterlife. Orphic legends have persisted and have been intermittently attractive to various spiritual and philosophical groups, including many of the so-called gurus of the sixties, that believe salvation is attained not through grace but through revelation.
6. Timothy Leary. The high priest of not just of LSD but of the entire counterculture, Timothy Leary was once referred to as “the most dangerous man in America” by none other than Richard Nixon. His effect on American youth and popular culture was so profound that it’s almost impossible to believe now, let alone quantify. “Turn on, tune in, drop out” became the mantra of a generation, but behind the “Free to Be You and Me” attitude was a rigorous intellectual and scientific mind, one that believed LSD, far from simply offering psychedelic hallucinations for an eight- or ten-hour period, might permanently and profoundly alter brain function, unlocking heretofore unknown mental abilities in the same way that steroids permanently altered the human physiognomy a generation later. While Leary’s antiestablishment views drew flak from law enforcement agencies and political figures, eventually landing him in jail, his ideas about LSD drew attention from a different segment of American government, namely the CIA. While no one has ever definitively proved that CIA funded any of Leary’s LSD experiments at Harvard or the Millbrook, New York, colony he founded in 1963, the rumors have never quite faded away, either.
7. The Man in the High Castle (1962) by Philip K. Dick. Generally considered the seminal early work of Dick’s career as well as one of the founding texts of the alternate history genre, The Man in the High Castle postulates a world in which the Germans and Japanese defeated the United States in World War II. The idea was considered so radical that the book came to the attention of the FBI, who allegedly put Dick on a watch list based solely on ideas he espoused in fictional form.
8. The Manchurian Candidate (1959) by Richard Condon. This enormously successful thriller—about the son of a prominent American family brainwashed into becoming a Soviet assassin capable of being controlled not only against his will but without his knowledge—was popular not just with the American public: according to legend, it paralleled the CIA’s now-infamous MK-ULTRA program to investigate ways of creating a real-life counterpart.
9. Millbrook, New Yo
rk. A small town on the Hudson River, Millbrook became famous in the 1960s as the site of Timothy Leary’s Castalia colony, which was dedicated to exploring the uses of psychedelic drugs.
10. James Jesus Angleton. The head of counterintelligence at the CIA, “Mother” was famous for seeing double agents everywhere—save for in one of his oldest and closest friends, Kim Philby. Although Angleton’s suspicions verged on the paranoiac, it is clear that double and sleeper agents were and continue to be a major tactic of international espionage, as attested by the recent discovery of a Russian spy ring operating up and down the East Coast.
11. Kim Philby. Perhaps the most famous double agent of all time, Philby worked for the Soviet Union for more than thirty years, during which time his activities as an agent of England’s MI-6 earned him the OBE. When “Stanley” was finally unmasked in 1963, the intelligence community on both sides of the Atlantic was rocked, and a never-ending hunt for double and sleeper agents was launched that continues to this day.
12. Billy Hitchcock. The owner of the mansion housing Timothy Leary’s Millbrook colony. One of the heirs to the Mellon Bank fortune, Hitchcock’s motives have been variously attributed to altruism, spiritual curiosity, capitalism (he was said to believe that LSD could be “the new tobacco”), to a never-proven belief that Hitchcock was in the employ of the CIA.
