16. O.R., I, 15, pp. 1,122–24; Jackman Diary (July 15, 24–25, 1862); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 116, 767; Breckinridge to Helm (July 15, 1862), Isaac M. Brown to M. S. Smith (July 19, 1862), Breckinridge to Van Dorn (July 22, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order No. 21 (July 19, 1862), No. 16 (July 23, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 312, Special Order No. 17 (July 24, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA.
17. B. W. Avent to Breckinridge (July 22, 1862), B. F. Marshall to Avent (July 22, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (July 27, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 44–45.
18. Van Dorn to Breckinridge (July 25, 1862), Breckinridge to Van Dorn (July 26, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; General Order No. 2 (July 29, 1862), G. T. Shaw to John A. Buckner (July 31, 1862), William Yerger Papers, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 45; John D. Martin to Breckinridge (July 25, 1862), Breckinridge Family Papers.
19. Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 318–19; Grainger, Boys in Gray, pp. 8–9; Moore, Rebellion Record, V, p. 309; O.R., I, 15, pp. 76–77.
20. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 9; O.R., I, 15, p. 77; Special Order No. 24 (Aug. 3, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Sept. 1882), p. 39.
21. Moore, Rebellion Record, V, p. 310; “Sketch of General B. H. Helm,” p. 165; Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 9; John B. Pirtle, “Defense of Vicksburg in 1862—The Battle of Baton Rouge,” Southern Historical Society Papers, VIII (June–July 1880), p. 329; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 435.
22. O.R., I, 15, pp. 77–78, 97–99; Grainger, Boys in Gray, pp. 9–10; Moore, Rebellion Record, V, p. 310; Sadie M. Wade to author (n.d., 1978).
23. O.R., I, 15, pp. 83–87; Pirtle, “Baton Rouge,” p. 330; Moore, Rebellion Record, V, p. 311; “Personne” [Felix G. De Fontaine], Marginalia; or Gleanings from an Army Note-Book (Columbia, S.C., 1864), p. 34.
24. O.R., I, 15, pp. 78–79.
25. O.R., I, 15, pp. 82, 93; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 597; Claim 7,485 (Aug. 11, 1863), John C. Wickliffe Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Moore, Rebellion Record, V, p. 308; Davis, Breckinridge, p. 323; Grainger, Boys in Gray, pp. 11–12.
26. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America (Washington, D.C., 1905), II, pp. 236, 443; O.R., I, 15, pp. 12, 16, Part 2, p. 995, 52, Part 2, p. 340; H. C. Burnett to Breckinridge (Aug. 5, 22, 1862), Jilson Johnson to Breckinridge (Aug. 29, 1862), Breckinridge Family Papers; J. Stoddard Johnston Diary (Aug 14, 1862).
27. Jackman Diary (Aug. 18, 1862).
SEVEN
1. Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 326–27; Jackman Diary (Aug. 19–24, 1862); Address (Aug. 22, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, RG 109, NA.
2. Jackman Diary (Sept. 19–Oct. 3, 1862), p. 195; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 48–49; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 674.
3. O.R., I, 16, Part 2, pp. 815, 892, 996; Braxton Bragg Papers, United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.
4. Hanson to Virginia Hanson (Mar. 23, Apr. 8, May 1, 8, 22, July 7, 1862), Hanson Papers; George D. Prentice to Hanson (Mar. 25, 1862), Hanson to Prentice (Apr. 6, 1862), Lexington Sunday Leader (June 13, 1897).
5. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 72–73, 617, 632, 633; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 585–86; Memorandum (Apr. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA; Joyce, “Sue Mundy,” pp. 126–28; O.R., II, 3, pp. 388–89.
6. Hanson, Compiled Service Record, Special Order 14 (Sept. 17, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, Military Departments, Orders Received and Orders Issued by the 1st Kentucky Brigade, 1862–63, RG 109, NA; Hanson to Breckinridge (Oct. 3, 1862), Breckinridge Papers, Chicago.
7. Hodge to Chambliss (Jan. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, General Order No. 97 (July 11, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 312, General Order No. 5 (July 18, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 317, RG 109, NA; Thomas Stith to Breckinridge (Sept. 9, 1862), Breckinridge Family Papers; Officers of the 5th Kentucky to Breckinridge (Sept. 16, 1862), Buckner Papers.
8. Breckinridge to Officers of the 5th Kentucky (Sept. 18, 1862), Breckinridge to Samuel Cooper (Oct. 3, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA.
9. Jackman Diary (Sept. 22, 1862); John C. Caldwell to Breckinridge (Oct. 9, 1862), Caldwell Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.
10. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 393–94; Grainger, Boys in Gray, pp. 12–13; Jackman Diary (Oct. 3, 1862); Caldwell to Breckinridge (Oct. 9, 1862), Caldwell Compiled Service Record, Breckinridge to Caldwell (Oct. 10, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 49–50.
11. O.R., I, 17, Part 2, p. 326, 20, Part 2, p. 26; Breckinridge to Caldwell (Oct. 10, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA.
12. Hanson to Breckinridge (Oct. 3, 1862), Breckinridge to Hanson (Oct. 4, 1862), Buckner to Hanson (Oct. 8, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order No. 36 (Oct. 10, 1862), No. 38 (Oct. 12, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA; Hanson to Breckinridge (Oct. 3, 4, 5, 1862), Cooper to Breckinridge (Oct. 12, 1862), Breckinridge Papers, Chicago; “Tribute in a Diary,” undated clipping in Thomas J. Clay Papers, Library of Congress; Breckinridge to Bragg (Oct. 12, 1862), Frederick M. Dearborn Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 580.
13. Jackman Diary (Oct. 15–19, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 50; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 148–50; O.R., I, 16, Part 2, p. 1,000.
14. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 492, 630, 806; Special Order (Dec. 19, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 306, General Order No. 1 (Oct. 26, 1862), Special Order No. 4 (Oct. 30, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA; O.R., I, 16, Part 2, p. 1,003.
15. Reports (Nov. 1, 1862), Military Departments, Orders Received, Orders Issued, and Morning Reports, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Aug. 1862–Oct. 1864), Chap. II, Vol. 310, RG 109, NA.
16. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 13; Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (Nov. 9, 1862, Feb. 8, 1863), Mary Breckinridge Letters, Breckinridge Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Thomas Winstead to Mollie Winstead (Nov. 11, 30, 1862), Thomas Winstead Papers in possession of Mr. Thomas D. Winstead, Elizabethtown, Ky.
17. Special Order No. 1 (Nov. 1, 1862), No. 41 (Dec. 14, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, Trabue to William P. Johnston (Oct. 31, Nov. 1, 1862), Trabue Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.
18. Jackman Diary, p. 62; John S. Jackman, “Battle of Murfreesboro,” Southern Bivouac, III (Mar. 1885), p. 295; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 333–36.
19. Virginia Hanson to Bruce (Aug. 20, 1862), Bruce to Davis (Sept. 14, 1862), Hanson Compiled Service Record, Breckinridge to Bragg (Nov. 3, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (Dec. 13, 1862).
20. General Order No. 19 (Dec. 19, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 306, General Order No. 9 (Nov. 26, 1862), No. 10 (Dec. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, General Order No. 15 (Nov. 28, 1862), Special Order No. 40 (Dec. 10, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, Special Order Nos. 40, 41 (Oct. 14, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA.
21. John L. Marshall, “Unrecorded Deeds of Daring,” Southern Bivouac, I (Aug. 1883), pp. 471–73.
22. Winstead to Mollie Winstead (Nov. 11, 1862), Winstead Papers; Breckinridge to Bragg (Nov. 19, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order No. 38 (Dec. 5, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, Asa Lewis Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.
23. Special Order No. 8 (Dec. 4, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 306, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 159–60, 166; Duke, Morgan’s Cavalry, p. 313; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 54–59; Jackman Diary (Dec. 5–7, 1862).
24. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 160–63, 164, 560; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 56–57; Basil Duke, “The Battle of Hartsville,” Southern Bivouac, I (Oct. 1882), pp. 50–51.
25. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 57–58; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 164–65; John O. Scott, “After Hartsville,” Southern Bivouac, I (Nov. 1882), pp. 107–10.
26. Duke, Morgan’s Cavalry, pp. 262, 321; O.R., I, 20, Part 2, p. 179; Voucher 4, Thomas Estes (Dec. 8, 1862), Manuscript No. 1526, General Order No. 22 (Dec. 20, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 306, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 201; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 59–60.
27. Frankfort, Commonwealth (Feb. 11, 1862); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 201.
28. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 13; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 59; Squire Helm Bush Diary (Dec. 24–25, 1862), Hardin County Historical Society, Elizabethtown, Ky.; Chap. VIII, Vol. 69, p. 223, RG 109, NA.
29. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 201–2; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 60–61; Frankfort, Commonwealth (Feb. 11, 1862); General Order No. 17 (Dec. 25, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA; Sallie Lewis to Breckinridge (Sept. 21, 1869), John C. Breckinridge Papers in possession of Colonel James C. Breckinridge.
30. B. L. Ridley, “Camp Scenes Around Dalton,” Confederate Veteran, X (Feb. 1902), p. 68; General Order No. 29 (Dec. 23, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 306.
EIGHT
1. Bush Diary (Dec. 30, 1862).
2. O.R., I, 20, Part 1, p. 825; Theodore O’Hara to Breckinridge (Jan. 16, 1863), John C. Breckinridge Papers, New-York Historical Society; Jackman Diary (Dec. 28–29, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 65–66.
3. Jackman Diary (Dec. 31, 1862); Jackman, “Murfreesboro,” pp. 297–98; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 199–200, 869.
4. Jackman Diary (Jan. 1, 1863); Breckinridge to “Colonel” (Jan. 1, 1863), Breckinridge Papers, Chicago; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 176–77, 452; Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (Jan. 1, 1863), Mary Breckinridge Letters.
5. Young, Reminiscences, pp. 46–48; Alexander F. Stevenson, The Battle of Stones River, Near Murfreesboro, Tenn. (Boston, 1884), p. 131.
6. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 406, 411, 452; Stevenson, Stones River, p. 132; “Conversational Remarks by C. R. Breckinridge” (Sept. 27, 1932), Breckinridge Papers in possession of Colonel James C. Breckinridge.
7. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 406; Davis, Breckinridge, p. 342; Marshall, “Deeds of Daring,” p. 473.
8. Richmond, Examiner (Feb. 25, 1863); Davis, Breckinridge, p. 343; Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 14; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 179.
9. J. Stoddard Johnston Diary (Jan. 2, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 199–200, 306, 378, 580; J. Stoddard Johnston, Kentucky (New York, 1962; Vol. IX of Confederate Military History), pp. 166–67.
10. Grainger, Boys in Blue, pp. 14–16; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 203, 470, 501–2, 560.
11. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 200, 664; Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 16; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Aug. 1883), p. 488; Marshall, “Deeds of Daring,” p. 473.
12. Bush Diary (Jan. 2, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 196, 406.
13. Morning Report (Dec. 26, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 310, RG 109, NA; Tabular Statement of Breckinridge’s Division (Dec. 31, Jan. 2, 1863), James W. Eldridge Collection, Huntington; Thomas, Orphan Brigade, pp. 196–97.
14. Young, Reminiscences, p. 51; “E. P. Thompson,” Confederate Veteran, IV (Nov. 1896), p. 368; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 183; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 386; “Editor’s Table,” Southern Bivouac, New Series, I (Sept. 1885), p. 255; “Query Box,” Southern Bivouac, I (Apr. 1883), p. 362.
15. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 16; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 69; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 379; Davis, Breckinridge, p. 363.
16. Unnumbered special order (Jan. 3, 1863), Eldridge Collection.
17. Officers to Davis (Jan. 14, 1863), W. E. Simms and others to Davis (Jan. 30, 1863), Hunt Compiled Service Record, unnumbered special order (Jan. 17, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA.
18. Buckner to Joseph E. Johnston (Feb. 6, 1863), Buckner Papers; Jackman Diary (unidentified 1895 clipping).
19. Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (Jan. 8, 1863), Mary Breckinridge Letters; Graves to Buckner (Jan. 8, 1863), Graves to Breckinridge (Jan. 24, 1863), Breckinridge to Cooper (Mar. 29, 1863), Preston to Cooper (Apr. 1, 1863), Graves Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.
20. Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (Jan. 8, Feb. 4, 8, 14, 15, 1863), Mary Breckinridge Letters.
21. O’Hara to Breckinridge (Jan. 23, 1863), Breckinridge to Thomas Watts (Feb. 15, 1864), Thomas O’Hara Compiled Service Record, Graves to Buckner (Jan. 3, 1863), Graves Compiled Service Record, Breckinridge to Hodge (Mar. 9, 1863), Breckinridge Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Rice E. Graves, Charges and Specifications of Charges Against Brig. Gen. G. J. Pillow (n.d.), Breckinridge Papers, Chicago; John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York, 1904), pp. 192–93.
22. Marcus J. Wright to John V. Wright (Jan. 21, 1863), John V. Wright to the Congress (Feb. 1, 1863), Hardee to “General” (Jan. 13, 1863), Hunt to Breckinridge (Jan. 11, 1863), Officers to Breckinridge (Jan. 8, 1863), Hodge to Jefferson Davis (Feb. 1, 1863), Hodge to Breckinridge (Feb. 13, 1863), Edward Sparrow to the Senate (Feb. 17, 1863), Trabue Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (Feb. 14, 1863), Mary Breckinridge Letters; General Order No. 7 (Feb. 28, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA.
23. Special Order No. 4 (Feb. 14, 1863), pay voucher (Feb. 3, 1863), Helm Compiled Service Record, General Order No. 1 (Feb. 16, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA.
24. General Orders No. 25 (Feb. 13, 1863), No. 18 (Mar. 10, 1863), No. 13 (Apr. 2, 1863), No. 18 (Apr. 20, 1863), No. 27 (May 18, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, General Order No. 2 (Mar. 1, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 306, RG 109, NA; J. F. Heustis to Walter J. Byrne (Feb. 25, 1863), Kentucky Library, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green; “Skirmish Line,” Southern Bivouac, III (Nov. 1884), p. 133.
25. Jackman Diary (Jan. 6–May 22, 1863); Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 70–72; Bush Diary (Jan. 27, Feb. 8, 10, 24, Mar. 1, 22, 1863); Special Order No. 49 (May 5, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, G. W. McCawley to Cobb (Mar. 26, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 314 Military Departments, Orders and Circulars Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Aug. 1863–Jan. 1865), Nuckols to Breckinridge (Mar. 17, 1863), Nuckols Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; “Orphan Brigade Items,” Southern Bivouac, III (Feb. 1885), p. 273; Winstead to Mollie Winstead (Feb. 17, 1863), Winstead Papers.
26. Jackman Diary, p. 71; Bush Diary (May 19–20, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 205, 223; Special Order No. 52 (May 10, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 314, RG 109, NA.
27. Hunt to Bruce (Jan. 31, 1863), Hunt to Cooper (Mar. 6, 1863), Hunt Compiled Service Record, Special Order No. 78 (Apr. 22, 1863), General Order No. 6 (Apr. 30, 1863), General Order No. 1 (May 1, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 423; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 432–33, 448–49.
28. Morning Report (June 2, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 310, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (May 23–24, 1863); Kirwan Johnny Green, pp. 77–78; Davis, Breckinridge, p. 365.
29. Walter Lord, ed., The Fremantle Diary (Boston, 1954), p. 107; Jackman Diary (May 25, 1863); John S. Jackman, “A Railroad Adventure,” Southern Bivouac, I (Nov. 1882), pp. 109–12.
30. Jackman Diary, p. 78; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 507–8; Petition of Officers to Cooper (June 18, 1863), Lewis Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA. Bush Diary (June 5, 8, 1863).
31. Jackman Diary (July 1–5, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 223–24.
32. Morning Report (July 8, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 310, RG 109, NA; O.R., I, 24, Part 2, p. 540; Jackman Diary (July 7–11, 1863).
33. Bush Diary (July 12, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 209, 532; A. W. Randolph to his parents (Sept. 27, 1863), Kentucky Library, Western Kentucky University; Richmond Dispatch (July 25, 1863); O.R., I, 24, Part 2, p. 654; Johnston to Breckinridge (July 12, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 313, Military Departments, Orders and Circulars Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade (1862–63), RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (July 12–21, 1863).
34. Fred Joyce, “Infantry Stampede,” Southern Bivouac, II (Jan. 1884), pp. 224–25; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 224–25; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 83–84. James Wilson to brigade commanders (July 31, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA.
35. Fred Joyce, “Orphan Brigade Glee Club,” Southern Bivouac, II (May 1884), pp. 414–15; General Order No. 35 (Aug. 17, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 308, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary, p. 85; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 84–85; Mary Breckinridge to Breckinridge (June 26, 1863), Mary
Breckinridge Letters.
NINE
1. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 90–91; Jackman Diary (Sept. 2–17, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 226.
2. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 226, 807.
3. Ibid., pp. 216–17; Morning Report (Sept. 16, 1863), Chap. II, Vol. 310, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (Sept. 19, 1863); Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 92–93.
4. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 217, 413; Jackman Diary (Sept. 20, 1863); Joyce, “Chickamauga,” pp. 30–32.
5. J. M. Tydings, “The Charge of the First Kentucky Brigade at the Battle of Chickamauga,” Southern Bivouac, I (Oct. 1882), p. 62; Randolph to his parents (Sept. 27, 1863); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 217.
6. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 217, 225; Fred Joyce, “The Silent Man of Company ‘D’ Fourth Kentucky,” Southern Bivouac, II (Oct. 1883), pp. 76–77; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Oct. 1882), p. 82.
7. Randolph to his parents (Sept. 27, 1863); Wyeth, That Devil Forrest, p. 229; Tydings, “Charge of the First Kentucky,” p. 63; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 226.
8. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 94–95; Otho Haydon Recollections, in possession of Ruby T. Rabey, Franklin, Ky.; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Feb. 1883), p. 269; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 225, 597.
9. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 95–96; O.R., I, 30, Part 2, pp. 209, 213; Tydings, “Charge of the First Kentucky,” p. 63.
10. Jackman Diary (Sept. 20, 1863); “Sketch of Gen. B. H. Helm,” pp. 166–67; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 506; Joyce, “Orphan Brigade at Chickamauga,” p. 32; Castleman, Active Service, pp. 45–46.
11. Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 357–58; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 391.
12. Davis, Breckinridge, p. 377; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 459; Jackman Diary (Sept. 20, 1863).
The Orphan Brigade: The Kentucky Confederates Who Couldn't Go Home Page 37
