Hirohito’s status as emperor in, 568–70
Hirohito war crimes issue in, 559, 567–68
Hiroshima visit in, 628–31
Korean War and, 636, 640–43
Kyoto University protest incident in, 644–45
land reform in, 619
MacArthur-Eisenhower “Secret” telegram and, 567–68
MacArthur’s strategy for, 544–45
media censorship in, 551
Meiji past and, 560–62
name change in, 621
New Year’s poetry reading in, 632
Okinawa issue in, 646
peace movement in, 642
peace treaty debate in, 634–35, 639–40
Pearl Harbor responsibility issue in, 546–47
and preservation of kokutai, 535, 537, 538, 540, 542, 544, 545, 547, 551, 552, 559
protect monarchy campaign in, 536–37, 542–43, 568–70
racial fears in, 538–39
and rehabilitation of emperor’s image, 553–54, 561, 563–66
renewal of nationalism in, 636, 638
and rewriting of history, 555–59
Shinto Directive of, 560
U.S. military alliance with, 644, 646
U.S. military in, 627, 640, 641–42
U.S.-Soviet Cold War rivalry and, 624, 627, 634, 646
war criminals released in, 634–35
war responsibility issue in, 543–45, 549, 553, 556, 577
Japan-China Basic Treaty of 1940, 348
Japanese Terror in China (Timperley), 337
Japan in the National Emergency, 273–77
Japan-Manchukuo Protocol, 257
“Japan-Manchuria Relations and the Diplomatic History of Manchuria” (Matsuoka), 266
Japan Teachers Union, 659
Japan-U.S. Administrative Agreement, 647
Japan-U.S. Peace Treaty, 634–35, 644, 647
Japan-U.S. Security Treaty, 644, 647–48, 651, 654, 660, 665, 667
renegotiation of, 660–63
Japan Veterans Friendship League, 658
Japan War-Bereaved Families Association, 658, 682
Jaranilla, Delfin, 595
Java, 445
Jellinek, George, 79–80
Jews, Judaism, 168, 208, 226, 280–81, 601
Jiji shinbun, 86
Jimmu, emperor of Japan, 38, 72, 73, 189, 275, 384, 554
Jitsugy no Nihon, 198
J Eiichir, 436, 443, 471
background of, 450–51
Hirohito and, 451–52
inspection tour by, 452–53
Joffre, Joseph, 109
Johnson, Lyndon B., 671
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 524, 587, 617
Joint Resolution 94, U.S. Senate, 544
Jichikai, 177
junshi, 42
Kaga, 194, 450
Kaih (Liberation), 141
Kaiksha kiji, 53, 165
Kaiz (Reconstruction), 141
Kaku Sakatar, 138–39
Kamaishi iron mine strike, 52
Kamakura period (1193–1336), 73
kamikaze (“divine winds”), 314, 451, 496
kamikaze attacks, 481–83, 485, 488, 494–95
“kamikaze” Special Attack Force, 451
Kanamori Tokujir, 575
Kanaya Hanz, 229, 239, 242, 243, 248
Kaneko Fumiko, 160–61
Kan’in Kotohito, Prince, 50, 106, 113, 171, 187, 247, 248, 252, 258, 259, 261, 319, 320, 336, 345, 346, 361, 362, 371, 372, 376
Kanroji Osanaga, 299
Kant earthquake of 1923, 140
Karafuto, see Sakhalin Island Kase Hideaki, 677
Kase Toshikazu, 514
Kashii Khei, 298, 300
Katayama Tetsu, 626, 633, 634
Kat, Lieutenant, 46
Kat Kanji, 101, 151, 205, 208–9
Kat Kmei, 146, 152, 158, 159, 175
Katori, 26, 106, 107–10
Kat Shir, 61
Kat Susumu, 621, 634
Kat Tomosabur, 122, 139, 151–52, 157–58
Katsura Tar, 74
Kawabe Torashir, 318
Kawada Mizuho, 525
Kawai Michi, 542
Kawai Yahachi, 129, 130, 132, 166, 172–73, 176, 184, 187, 207, 209, 228, 270, 292
background of, 172
rice cultivation ritual created by, 182–83
on Tanaka, 212–13
Kawamura Sumiyoshi, 23
Kawano Hitoshi, 166
Kawasaki, Cabinet Secretary, 236
Kawasaki-Mitsubishi Shipyards strike, 52
Kawashima, General, 298, 299
Kaya, Prince, 283–84
Kaya Okinori, 321, 420, 652
kazoku (titled peers), 49
Keenan, Joseph B., 586–87, 592–93, 596–97, 598, 601–2, 604, 605, 613, 614, 615, 616, 624, 627–28, 679
Keij (Seoul) Broadcasting Company, 190
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 14, 206, 214, 220–24, 242, 269, 607
Article 1 of, 222
Japanese constitution and, 571, 573
Kenp satsuy (Compendium of the constitution) (Minobe), 287–88
Kenseikai Party, 97–98, 104, 158, 160, 175
Kent, Paul J., 630–31
Kern, Harry, 641
“Ketsug” war policy, 494–95
Khrushchev, Nikita, 656–57
Kido Kichi, 175, 176, 228, 231, 237, 248, 252, 253, 258, 292, 298, 299, 322, 352, 354, 373, 378, 379, 380, 382–83, 407, 410, 411, 413, 414, 416–19, 422–23, 425, 429, 430, 435, 436, 437, 454, 457–58, 463–64, 488, 489, 492, 493, 494, 501, 506, 510, 522, 523, 526, 536–37, 539, 554, 583, 588, 605, 607, 675, 676, 688
as adviser to Hirohito, 178
appointed keeper of the privy seal, 370
background of, 177–78
Hirohito described by, 452
on Hirohito’s reaction to Midway defeat, 449–50
Hirohito’s relationship with, 371–72
Hirohito’s religious duties described by, 442–43
surrender debate and, 504, 511, 513–15
tried as war criminal, 599, 601–2, 610, 628
Kido Takamasa, 24
Kikuchi Takefusa, 450–51
Kikuchi Takeo, 287
“Kimigayo” (national anthem), 138, 275, 551–52, 644, 653, 659
Kim Il-sung, 640
Kimura Heitaro, 609
Kinoshita Michio, 554–55, 570, 573, 579, 606, 622, 623, 678
Kirishima, 459
Kiry Yy, 43
Kisatsu Political Affairs Committee, 286
Kishi Nobusuke, 612, 634, 652, 660–63, 667
Kita Ikki, 98, 100–101, 102, 169
Kita Shirakawa, Prince, 112, 137
Kiyose Ichir, 601
Kiyoura Keigo, 158, 163
Kluckhohn, Frank L., 546, 547, 551
Kodama Yoshio, 539–40, 634
kd, see imperial way Koga Kiyoshi, 284–85
Kgun (“emperor’s army”), 154
Koiso Kuniaki, 232, 478, 479–80, 484, 493, 551
Kojiki, 67
Kojima Kazuo, 97
Kojong, king of Korea, 34–35
“Kokuchkai” (Pillar of the state), 168, 169
Kokuhonsha, 254, 287, 288, 351
Kokumint Party, 97, 104
Kokuryukai (Amur River Society), 98
Kokushi (Shiratori), 70–73
kokutai (national polity), 10, 53, 54, 84, 98, 100, 104, 168, 175, 177, 184, 201, 213, 214, 218, 429, 497, 507, 509, 523, 530, 560, 561, 570, 575, 583–84, 586, 653
anti–organ theory campaign and, 288–91
British monarchic system and, 119–21
changing concepts of, 142
clarification movement and, 282–83, 288–94
constitution and, 78
court group and, 180
crime of altering, 206
democracy movement and, 161–62, 165
die-for-the-emperor campaign and, 495
Diet debate on, 159–61
/> and divinity of ancestral line, 167
emperor theory and, 161–62, 253, 287
and fear of communism, 488–90
Inoue case and, 166–67
Kellogg-Briand Pact and, 222
Meiji constitution and, 292–94
modern science and, 62, 199–200
and mutiny of 1936, 297–300, 302
national debate on meaning of, 162–65
national morality and, 166–67
new constitution and, 560, 576
Pak Yol incident and, 160–61
party politics and, 158–60
in Peace Preservation Bill, 159
preservation of, under occupation, 535, 537, 538, 540, 542, 544, 545, 547, 551, 552
and right of supreme command, 512
Shiratori’s view of, 70–71
spirit mobilization campaign and, 313–14
surrender debate and, 507, 509, 512–18
and threat from within, 491–92
Kokutai no hongi (The Fundamentals of the national polity), 313–14
Kmei, emperor of Japan, 370
Kmoto Daisaku, 215, 217, 220
Kong, 137, 139
Konoe Fumimaro, Prince, 175, 182, 187, 237, 266–67, 313, 318, 319, 320–23, 327, 340, 343–44, 354, 367, 368, 370, 373, 375, 378, 379, 381, 382, 383, 384, 393, 397, 401, 407, 408–9, 411, 430, 487, 492, 506, 507, 509, 521, 522, 535, 537, 538, 552–53, 583, 602, 677
Communist conspiracy theory of, 488–90, 491
Hirohito’s decision for war exchange with, 411–12
ideological vision of, 176–77
Japan-U.S. summit proposal of, 403–5, 416
Matsuoka’s conflict with, 399–400
“New Order in East Asia” declaration of, 347–48, 349
New York Times interview of, 546
nonrecognition statement of, 345–46
peace plan of, 510–11
race theory of, 266–69
surrender debate and, 513
threat from within feared by, 488–90, 491
“three principles” of, 349–50
Tj’s ouster and, 478
Tj’s replacement of, 418–19
Washington Conference opposed by, 176–77
Yamamoto’s visit to, 416
Korea, 8, 26, 54, 74–75, 131–32, 135, 137, 267, 417, 444, 457, 474, 488, 522, 524, 615–16, 627
anti-Chinese rioting in, 228
and enthronement of Hirohito, 190–91
Kojong incident and, 34–35
Tan’gun foundation myth of, 191
Korea, People’s Democratic Republic of (North Korea), 640–41
Korea, Republic of (South Korea), 640, 663
Korean War, 576, 642, 643, 652, 654
China’s entry into, 643
onset of, 636, 640–41
Kshitsu to shakai mondai (The Imperial house and social problems) (Watanabe), 165
Kso ks, 38–39
Sugiura’s lecture on, 64
Koyama Itoko, 270, 666
Krisher, Bernard, 674
Kuga Noboru, 251
Kuhara Fusanosuke, 212, 213, 218
Kuj Michizane, 130
Kuj Sadako, see Teimei Kg, Dowager Empress
Kumazawa Hiromichi, 566
Kuni Kuniyoshi, 96–97, 98
Kuni Nagako, see Nagako, Empress of Japan
Kuomintang, see China, Nationalist Kuribayashi, General, 484
Kurile Islands, 470, 479, 649, 657
Kurusu Sabur, 425, 428
Kwajalein, 453
Kwantung Army, Japanese, 169, 207, 224, 229–32, 237, 242–43, 257, 285, 286, 287, 307, 311, 318, 321, 325, 329, 351, 364, 398, 470, 556, 590
Chang assassination and, 215–16
Hopei Province occupied by, 271–72
Manchurian Incident as staged by, 235–36, 614
Kyd Tsshinsha News Agency, 555, 677
Kyoto Palace, 195
Kyoto University protest incident, 644–45
Kyushu, 501, 524
labor movement, 163, 165, 206
Labour Party, British, 111
Lady Bird, HMS, 340
Lady Michiko (Michikosama) (Koyama), 666
League of Nations, 12, 14, 46, 135, 176, 227, 245, 275, 598
Covenant of, 146, 148, 150, 224, 256, 571, 607
Hirohito’s affirmation of, 91–92
Japan’s withdrawal from, 256, 261–63, 265, 268, 269, 279
Lytton Commission of, 257, 260
Manchuria conflict and, 236, 241–42, 258, 259–63
League to Destroy the Emperor-Organ Theory, 289
Lend-Lease, 381
Lenin, V. I., 150
Leyte, Battle of, 481–82, 493
liaison conferences, 387, 389, 395, 397, 399, 401–2, 403, 407, 409, 420–21, 446, 468
Liaotung Peninsula, China, 8, 9, 256
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Japanese, 656, 660, 663, 667, 668–69, 670, 671, 672, 681, 685, 686
Liberal Party, Japanese, 648
Lincoln, Abraham, 60
Lingayen Gulf, Battles of, 482
Lloyd George, David, 116
Logan, William, 602, 604
London Charter, 608
London Naval Treaty, 206, 210, 248, 252, 269, 590
Japan’s opposition to, 225–26, 245
Lopez, Pedro, 595
Los Angeles Times, 342
Luxembourg, 356
Lytton Commission, 257
report of, 260
MacArthur, Douglas, 3, 6, 400–401, 445, 447, 455, 471, 481, 518, 541, 542, 553, 562, 563, 576, 572–73, 574, 581, 582, 584, 585, 586, 587, 589, 596, 605, 612, 615, 616, 618, 620, 621, 624, 628, 647, 688
abdication issue and, 609–10
background and personality of, 547–48
Civil Liberties directive of, 551
Eisenhower telegram of, 567–68
Hirohito compared with, 547–48
Hirohito’s circumvention of, 639–40, 641
Hirohito’s meetings with, 543–44, 547–50, 590, 622–23, 625, 639, 640, 645
Hirohito’s relationship with, 549, 645
Hirohito used by, 2
occupation strategy of, 544–45
release of war criminals and, 634–35
Truman administration’s displeasure with, 543–44
Truman’s dismissal of, 643–44
war trial role of, 587, 609–10
McCarthyism, 656
McCloy, John, 618
Machida Chji, 303, 304
MacLeish, Archibald, 499
Maeda Tetsuo, 364
MAGIC decryptions, 427
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 45
Mainichi shinbun, 144, 232, 273, 551, 553, 562–63, 568, 573
“Main Principles for Dealing with the Situation Accompanying Changes in the World Situation,” 375
Makino Nobuaki, 84, 91, 97, 99, 105, 114, 116–17, 122–23, 132, 135, 148, 157, 160, 161–62, 164, 166, 182, 183, 184, 185, 207, 209, 212, 216, 225, 228, 231, 232, 236, 237, 241, 246, 252, 253, 258, 261–63, 270, 286–87, 289, 292, 297, 487, 488, 602, 613
Chang assassination and, 217
in court group, 172–78, 181
emergence of, 101–2
Hirohito influenced by, 102, 127–29, 130, 149, 208
on Hirohito’s deportment, 136–37
on Toranomon incident, 141–42
Malik, Jacob, 494, 505–7, 522
Malta, 107–8
Manchester Guardian, 337
Manchukuo, 247, 249, 257, 259, 267, 273, 274, 280, 317, 344, 348, 349, 372, 394, 398, 399, 417, 431, 432, 603
anti-Japanese resistance in, 286
as Japan’s “Lifeline,” 268
Japan’s recognition of, 256–57, 261, 269, 279
Jehol Province annexation and, 271–72
see also Manchuria
Manchuria, 8, 9, 34, 68, 146, 149, 169, 203, 205, 220, 230–31, 428, 444, 505, 524, 535
Chang assassination and, 215–16
Hopei
Province occupation, 271–72
Japanese race theory and, 266–67
Japan’s expansionist policies and, 265–67
Kellogg-Briand Pact and crisis in, 221–23
Nakamura incident and, 228–29
see also Manchukuo
Manchurian Army, Chinese, 235
Manchurian Incident (1931), 169, 211, 224, 231–32, 235–44, 302, 304, 317, 319, 349, 417, 429, 432, 590, 592, 599, 600, 614
and attempted coups of 1931, 243–44
Chinchou affair and, 240–43, 246, 249
domestic crisis and, 236–37
and Hirohito-military relationship, 235–40, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248
Hirohito’s rescript on, 247
Konoe’s race theory and, 266–67
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan Page 89
