Notes and References
1. Dutiful Daughter
1 Private information.
2 Grantham Journal, 6 February 1981.
3 Ibid., January 1917.
4 Ibid., 8 February 1936.
5 Ibid., 9 October 1937.
6 Patricia Murray, Margaret Thatcher (W. H. Allen, 1980), p. 13.
7 Ibid., p. 21.
8 Russell Lewis, Margaret Thatcher (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975), p. 10.
9 Margaret Thatcher, The Path to Power (HarperCollins, 1995), p. 28.
10 Ibid., p. 19.
11 Ibid., p. 6.
12 George Gardiner, Margaret Thatcher: From Childhood to Leadership (William Kimber, 1975), p. 20.
13 Sunday Telegraph, 14 February 1982.
14 The Times, 5 May 1979.
15 Murray, p. 50.
16 BBC TV, In the Limelight, 11 August 1980.
17 Nicholas Wapshott and George Brock, Thatcher (Macdonald, 1983), p. 26.
18 Interview with Brian Walden, Weekend World, 28 January 1981.
19 Private information.
20 Lewis, p. 11.
21 Thatcher, p. 36.
22 Murray, p. 37.
23 Gardiner, p. 37.
24 Thatcher, p. 39.
25 Interview, Mrs Jean Darmon (née Southerst).
26 Wapshott and Brock, p. 46.
27 Grantham Journal, June 1945.
28 Sleaford Gazette, 29 June 1945.
29 Thatcher, p. 46.
30 Ibid., p. 38.
31 House of Commons, 23 October 1984.
2. Young Conservative
1 Wapshott and Brock, p. 51.
2 Conservative party archive (CCO 1/8/397).
3 Ibid.
4 E. J. Tranter to J. P. L. Thomas, 14 January 1949 (CCO 1/7/397).
5 Ibid., 2 March 1949.
6 Thatcher, p. 67.
7 Erith Observer, 10 February 1950.
8 Wapshott and Brock, p. 54.
9 Thatcher, p. 66.
10 Ibid.
11 Carol Thatcher, Below the Parapet: The Biography of Denis Thatcher (HarperCollins, 1996), p. 63.
12 Thatcher, p. 67.
13 Penny Junor, Margaret Thatcher: Wife, Mother, Politician (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1983), p.33.
14 Carol Thatcher, p. 64.
15 Miriam Stoppard interview, Woman to Woman, Yorkshire TV, 19 November 1985.
16 Carol Thatcher, p. 69.
17 Murray, p. 48.
18 Election press conference, Glasgow airport, 26 April 1979.
19 Thatcher, p. 103.
20 Carol Thatcher, p. 72.
21 Ibid., p. 89.
22 Ibid., p. 88.
23 Interview, Lord Jenkin.
24 Miriam Stoppard interview, 19 November 1985.
25 Conservative party archive (CCO 1/12/375).
26 Finchley Press, 18 July 1958.
27 Evening Standard, 15 July 1958.
28 Conservative party archive (CCO 1/12/375).
29 Finchley Press, 13 February 1959.
30 Ibid., 25 September 1959.
3. First Steps
1 Peter Rawlinson, A Price Too High (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), pp. 246 – 7.
2 Henry Brooke in House of Commons, 5 February 1960 [Vol. 616, col. 1436].
3 The Times, 29 January 1960.
4 House of Commons, 5 February 1960 [Vol. 616, cols 1350 – 58].
5 Ibid., col.1358.
6 The Times, 14 April 1960.
7 House of Commons, 13 May 1960 [Vol. 623, col. 836].
8 Finchley Press, 18 August 1961.
9 Gardiner, p. 68.
10 TV interview with Laurens van der Post, 29 March 1983.
11 Thatcher, p. 123.
12 Ibid.
13 Interview, Lord Holderness.
14 Lewis, p. 32.
15 Interview, Lord Holderness.
16 Finchley Press, 9 October 1964.
17 Carol Thatcher, pp. 91 – 4.
4. Opposition
1 Thatcher, p. 133.
2 Ibid., p.134.
3 Election address, Finchley 1966 (Conservative party archive).
4 James Prior, A Balance of Power (Hamish Hamilton, 1986), p. 42.
5 Thatcher, p. 139.
6 Daily Telegraph, 13 October 1966.
7 Sun, 13 October 1966.
8 Thatcher, pp. 153 – 4.
9 Thatcher, p. 144.
10 Sunday Telegraph, 15 October 1967.
11 The Times, 13 September 1968.
12 Guardian, 11 October 1968.
13 Thatcher, pp. 146 – 7.
14 The Times, 13 September 1968.
15 Margaret Thatcher, What’s Wrong with Politics? (CPC, 1968).
16 House of Commons, 29 November 1968 [Vol. 774, cols 946 – 56].
17 Thatcher, pp. 154 – 6.
18 Finchley Press, 17 October 1969.
19 Thatcher, p. 150.
20 Financial Times, 22 October 1969.
21 Observer, 26 October 1969.
22 Finchley Press, 25 March 1966.
23 Sir Edward Boyle to Alderman Fred Hutty, 29 September 1969 (Conservative party archive, CCO 505/3/9).
24 Thatcher, p. 159.
25 The Times, 7 November 1969.
26 House of Commons, 12 February 1970 [Vol. 795, col. 1535].
27 Thatcher, p. 161.
28 Michael Cockerell, Live from Number 10: The Inside Story of Prime Ministers and Television (Faber, 1988), p. 213.
29 Thatcher, pp. 162 – 3.
30 Carol Thatcher, p. 97.
31 Finchley Press, 26 June 1970.
5. Education Secretary
1 Thatcher, p. 166.
2 Interview, Sir Toby Weaver.
3 Spectator, 22 July 1972.
4 Thatcher, p. 38.
5 Nicholas Timmins, The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State (HarperCollins, 1995), pp. 373 – 4.
6 Peter Hennessy, Whitehall (Secker & Warburg, 1989), p. 626.
7 Interview, John Hudson.
8 Conservative Party Conference, 7 October 1970.
9 Interview, Sheila Browne.
10 House of Commons, 5 November 1971 [Vol. 825, cols 510 – 27].
11 The Times, 26 June 1971.
12 Conservative Party Conference, 14 October 1971.
13 Confidential source interviewed by David Butler, June 1970.
14 House of Commons, 14 June 1971 [Vol. 819, cols 42 – 56].
15 Sun, 9 July 1971.
16 Ibid., 25 November 1971.
17 Daily Mail, 31 January 1972.
18 The Times, 18 January 1972.
19 Education:A Framework for Expansion [Cmnd 5774] (HMSO, 1972); House of Commons, 19 February 1973 [Vol. 851, cols 41 – 57].
20 Thatcher, pp. 190 – 91.
21 House of Commons, 28 January 1974 [Vol. 868, cols 39 – 49].
22 The Times, 17 May 1972.
23 Finchley Press, 16 February 1973.
24 Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1972.
25 Finchley Press, 1 February 1974.
26 Ibid., 19 October 1973.
27 John Ramsden, The Winds of Change: Macmillan to Heath, 1957 – 1975 (Longman, 1996), p. 359.
6. The Peasants’ Revolt
1 Phillip Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall: Britain in the Seventies (Channel 4/Michael Joseph, 1985), p. 330.
2 Keith Joseph, Reversing the Trend (Barry Rose, 1975), p. 4.
3 Conservative party archive (LCC 74/9].
4 Interview, Sheila Browne.
5 Thatcher, p. 249.
6 David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of October 1974 (Macmillan, 1975), p. 122.
7 Evening News, 11 October 1974.
8 Thatcher, p. 266.
9 Whitehead, p. 327.
10 Thatcher, p. 267.
11 Ibid.
12 BBC Radio 4, Any Questions? 30 January 1970.
13 The Times, 25 November 1974.
14 Daily Mirror, 3 February 1
975.
15 Daily Express, 3 February 1975.
16 Daily Mail, 5 February 1975.
17 Patrick Cosgrave, Margaret Thatcher: A Tory and Her Party (Hutchinson, 1978), p. 72.
18 Daily Telegraph, 6 February 1975.
19 Daily Mail, 1 February 1975.
20 Cockerell, p. 219.
21 Sun, 12 February 1975.
22 Ramsden, p. 456.
7. Leader of the Opposition
1 Ramsden, p. 456.
2 Margaret Thatcher interviewed by David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, 9 August 1978.
3 Thatcher, p. 334.
4 The Times, 9 April 1975.
5 House of Commons, 8 April 1975 [Vol. 889, cols 1021 – 33].
6 The Times, 7 June 1975.
7 Margaret Thatcher to Lord Home, 23 June 1975, in D. R. Thorpe, Alec Douglas-Home (Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996), pp. 450 – 51.
8 Margaret Thatcher to Lord Home, July 1975, loc. cit.
9 Lord Home to Margaret Thatcher, 13 August 1975, loc. cit.
10 Speech to Chelsea Conservative Association, 26 July 1975.
11 Cosgrave, p. 190.
12 Speech to the National Press Club,Washington, DC, 19 September 1975.
13 The Times, 18 September 1995.
14 Henry Miller, DailyTelegraph, 25 September 1975; Fred Emery, The Times, 26 September 1975.
15 Thatcher, pp. 305 – 6.
16 Ronald Millar, A View from the Wings (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), pp. 225 – 7.
17 Ibid., p. 275.
18 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, Blackpool, 10 October 1975.
19 Cosgrave, p. 195.
20 House of Commons, 16 October 1975 [Vol. 897, col. 1587].
21 Ibid., 6 November 1975 [Vol. 899, cols 605 – 6].
22 Speech at Kensington Town Hall, 19 January 1976; Collected Speeches, pp. 39 – 47.
23 Thatcher, p. 362.
24 Geoffrey Smith, Reagan and Thatcher (Bodley Head, 1990), p. 1.
25 Ibid., p. 2.
26 Cosgrave, p. 212.
27 Barbara Castle, Fighting All The Way (Macmillan, 1993), p. 513.
28 House of Commons, 7 March 1978 [Vol. 945, cols 1221 – 2].
29 Ibid., 9 May 1978 [Vol. 949, cols 971 – 2].
30 Ibid., 1 November 1978 [Vol. 957, cols 21 – 35].
31 Thatcher, p. 320.
32 The Jimmy Young Programme, BBC Radio 2, 31 January 1978.
8. Thatcherism under Wraps
1 Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931 – 83 (HarperCollins, 1994), p. 174.
2 Speech to the Junior Carlton Club, 4 May 1976.
3 David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1979 (Macmillan, 1980), p. 65.
4 Cosgrave, pp. 167 – 8.
5 Margaret Thatcher interviewed by Butler and Kavanagh, 9 August 1978.
6 Iain Macleod Memorial Lecture, Caxton Hall, London, 4.77 July 19 (Collected Speeches, pp. 58 – 69).
7 House of Commons, 25 July 1978 [Vol. 954, col. 1405].
8 Speech to CDU Conference, Hanover, 25 May 1976.
9 Nigel Lawson, The View From Number 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical (Bantam, 1992), Corgi edition, p. 199.
10 House of Commons, 21 March 1978 [Vol. 946, cols 1326 – 8].
11 The Conservative Manifesto, 1979.
12 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 8 October 1976.
13 Ibid.
14 House of Commons, 20 January 1976 [Vol. 903, cols 1129 – 30].
15 Ibid., 24 January 1978 [Vol. 942, cols 1174 – 5].
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid., 3 March 1977 [Vol. 927, cols 606 – 7].
18 ITN, 4 October 1976.
19 Party Political Broadcast, 4 May 1977.
20 John Cole, As It Seemed To Me (Weidenfeld & Niccolson, 1995), p. 189.
21 Granada TV, World in Action, 27 January 1978.
22 House of Commons, 31 January 1978 [Vol. 943, cols 241 – 5].
23 Ibid., 25 July 1978 [Vol. 954, col.1392].
24 Patrick Cosgrave, The Lives of Enoch Powell (Bodley Head, 1989), p. 444.
25 Enoch Powell interviewed for Brook Associates, The Seventies.
26 Observer, 25 February 1979.
27 Cole, p. 188.
28 The Economist, 31 March 1979.
9. Into Downing Street
1 Butler and Kavanagh, p. 151.
2 House of Commons, 6 December 1978 [Vol. 959, cols 1424 – 5].
3 Ibid., 1 December 1976 [Vol. 921, cols 920 – 21].
4 Ibid., 10 July 1978 [Vol. 953, cols 1027 – 8].
5 Sun, 11 January 1979.
6 BBC TV, 14 February 1979.
7 James Callaghan, Time and Chance (Collins, 1987), p. 561; Kenneth O. Morgan, Callaghan (Oxford 1997), p. 682.
8 Thatcher, p. 432.
9 House of Commons, 28 March 1979 [Vol. 965, cols 461 – 70].
10 Ibid., 28 March 1979 [Vol. 965, cols 470 – 79].
11 Kenneth Baker, The Turbulent Years: My Life in Politics (Faber, 1993) pp. 511 – 12.
12 Cecil Parkinson, Right at the Centre (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992), pp. 26 – 7.
13 Cole, p. 188.
14 Spectator, 28 April 1979.
15 Sunday Telegraph, 22 April 1979; BBC Radio News, 21 April 1979.
16 Daily Mail, 19 April 1979.
17 Private information.
18 Butler and Kavanagh, p. 172.
19 Observer, 22 April 1979.
20 Millar, pp. 259 – 60.
21 Murray, p. 198.
22 Daily Mail, 30 April 1979.
23 Conservative party election broadcast, 30 April 1979.
24 Millar, pp. 263 – 4.
25 Election press conference, 2 May 1979.
26 Daily Express, 30 April 1979.
27 Daily Mail, Daily Express, Sun, 3 May 1979.
28 Interview, Lord McAlpine.
29 Butler and Kavanagh, pp. 197 – 9, 343, 393 – 5.
30 Millar, p. 266.
31 Remarks on the steps of Downing Street, 4 May 1979.
10. The Blessed Margaret
1 Guardian, 5 May 1979.
2 Ibid.
3 Margaret Thatcher interviewed in Thatcher: The Downing Street Years (BBC, 1993).
4 BBC interview with Michael Cockerell, 27 April 1979.
5 Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 10.
6 Interview, Sir Kenneth Stowe.
7 The Times, 5 May 1980.
8 Sunday Times, 3 May 1981.
9 Observer, 25 January 1979.
10 Penny Junor, Margaret Thatcher, p. 231.
11 Edward Heath, The Course of My Life, p. 574.
12 Guardian, 7 May 1979.
13 e.g. The Economist, 12 May 1979.
14 Thatcher, p. 28.
15 Millar, p. 319.
16 House of Commons, 9 February 1970 [Vol. 795, col. 1019].
17 Prior, p. 66.
18 Interview, Sir Kenneth Berrill.
19 Sir John Hoskyns, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
20 Interview, Sir Charles Powell.
21 Nigel Lawson, The View From Number 11, p. 128.
22 Alan Clark, Diaries, p. 215 (14 June 1988).
23 Interview, Sir Charles Powell; Woodrow Wyatt, Confessions of an Optimist (Collins, 1985), pp. 345 – 6.
24 Lord Carrington, interviewed for Thatcher:The Downing StreetYears (BBC, 1993).
25 Sir John Hoskyns, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
26 Murray, p. 170.
27 Peter Hennessy, Cabinet (Blackwell, 1986), pp. 97 – 8.
28 Interview, Lord Jenkin of Roding.
29 Murray, p. 200.
30 George Walden, Lucky George: Memoirs of an Anti-Politician (Allen Lane, 1999), p. 191; interview, Dr John Ashworth.
31 Walden, p. 191.
32 Peter Hennessy, Gresham Lecture, 20 February 1996.
33 Parkinson, p. 220.
34 Interviews, Sir John Nott, Si
r Peter Middleton.
35 John Hoskyns, Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution (Aurum, 2000), p. 164.
36 Interview, Sir Kenneth Stowe.
37 Hoskyns, p. 108.
38 Interview, Lord Hunt of Tanworth.
39 Margaret Thatcher interviewed on Aspel and Company, LWT, 19 July 1984.
40 Diana Farr, Five at 10: Prime Ministers Consorts since 1957 (André Deutsch, 1985), p. 200.
41 Junor, p. 264; Millar, p. 338.
42 Bernard Ingham, Kill the Messenger (HarperCollins, 1994), p. 293.
43 Millar, p. 327; John Junor, Listening for a Midnight Tram, (Chapman, 1990) p. 264.
44 Alan Clark, Diaries (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993), p. 319 (30 July 1990).
45 Millar, p. 317.
46 Sir Peter Emery in Iain Dale (ed.), As I Said to Denis: The Margaret Thatcher Book of Quotations (Robson Books, 1997), p. 70.
47 Hoskyns, p. 230.
48 Millar, p. 330.
49 Ingham, p. 248.
50 Conservative Party Conference, 15 October 1980.
51 Hennessy, Whitehall, p. 598.
52 Ibid., p. 598.
53 Interviews, Sir Frank Cooper, David Tanner.
54 Thatcher, p. 303.
55 Hennessy, p. 585.
11. Signals of Intent
1 House of Commons, 15 May 1979 [Vol. 967, cols 73 – 87].
2 Ibid., 22 May 1979 [Vol. 967, cols 867 – 72].
3 Thatcher, p. 50.
4 Howe, p. 130.
5 Lawson, p. 35.
6 Thatcher, pp. 42 – 3.
7 Howe, p. 142.
8 House of Commons, 24 July 1979 [Vol. 971, cols 345 – 6].
9 Daily Mirror, 13 June 1979.
10 Murray, p. 225.
11 House of Commons, 13 November 1979 [Vol. 973, col. 1498].
12 Ian Gilmour, Dancing with Dogma, p. 25n; Peter Walker, Staying Power, p. 161.
13 e.g. House of Commons, 19 July 1979, 26 July 1979, 19 February 1980.
14 Thatcher, p. 26.
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