32 Sunday Times, 3 March 1981.
33 Thatcher, p. 147.
34 Cockerell, p. 307.
35 David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1987, pp. 32 – 4.
36 Thatcher, p. 647.
37 David Butler, Andrew Adonis and Tony Travers, Failure in British Government: The Politics of the Poll Tax (Oxford, 1994), p. 64.
38 Ibid.; Baker, p. 122.
39 Speech to the Scottish Conservative conference, Perth, 10 May 1985.
40 Wyatt, p. 467 (20 December 1987).
41 Lawson, pp. 573 – 4.
42 Speech to the Scottish Conservative conference, Perth, 10 June 1986.
43 Speech to the Scottish Conservative conference, Perth, 15 May 1987.
44 John Simpson, Strange Places, Questionable People (Macmillan, 1998), p. 246.
45 Thatcher, p. 573.
46 The Times, 13 June 1987.
47 Remarks in Downing Street, 12 June 1987.
48 Interview for BBC TV, 12 June 1987.
49 Carol Thatcher, p. 246.
22. No Such Thing as Society
1 Sunday Express, 21 June 1987.
2 Woman’s Own, 31 October 1987.
3 Interview on The Jimmy Young Programme, BBC Radio 2, 27 July 1988.
4 Thatcher, p. 626.
5 Millar, p. 319.
6 Cockerell, p. 332.
7 House of Commons, 15 May 1979 [Vol. 967, cols 73 – 87].
8 Remarks visiting London docklands, 21 May 1987.
9 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 9 October 1987.
10 Annual Register 1987, p. 31.
11 Lawson, p. 747; Thatcher, p. 700.
12 Thatcher, pp. 603 – 4.
13 Social Trends, 1987.
14 Annual Register 1987, p. 25.
15 Ibid., p. 9.
16 House of Commons, 15 December 1987 [Vol. 124, col. 918].
17 Simon Jenkins, p. 77.
18 Eric Jacobs and Robert Worcester, We British: Britain under the Moriscope (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990).
19 Timmins, p. 508.
20 BBC TV, 24 July 1987.
21 Nicholas Ridley, ‘My Style of Government’: The Thatcher Years (Hutchinson, 1991), p. 125.
22 Thatcher, Downing Street Years, p. 654.
23 Speech to 1922 Committee, 20 July 1989.
24 House of Commons, 20 July 1989 [Vol. 157, cols 516 – 17].
25 Thatcher, p. 654.
26 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 158 (17 September 1989).
27 House of Commons, 20 March 1990 [Vol. 169, col. 1008].
28 Thatcher, p. 658.
29 Clark, p. 287 (25 March 1990).
30 Chris Patten on BBC Radio 4, Desert Island Discs, 3 November 1996.
31 House of Commons, 28 November 1989 [Vol. 162, col. 576].
32 Speech to Conservative Local Government conference, 8 March 1989.
33 William Shawcross, Murdoch (Chatto & Windus, 1992), p. 511.
34 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 31 (12 February 1989).
35 Speech at the Mansion House, 17 October 1985.
36 The Times, 31 March 1987.
37 Thatcher, p. 701.
38 Timmins, p. 450.
39 Lawson, pp. 815, 824.
40 Speech to Conservative Central Council, Buxton, 19 March 1988.
41 Thatcher, pp. 689 – 90.
42 Keegan, Mr Lawson’s Gamble, p. 188.
43 Thatcher, p. 703.
44 Ridley, p. 211.
45 Press conference, 14 June 1989.
46 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 99 (4 June 1989).
23. A Diet of Brussels
1 Thatcher, p. 558.
2 Ibid., p. 742.
3 Major, p. 345.
4 Thatcher, p. 744.
5 Cradock, p. 124.
6 e.g. Daily Mail, 17 May 1988.
7 Lawson, p. 903.
8 Charles Powell, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice.
9 Interview, Sir Leon Brittan.
10 Hugo Young, This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair (Macmillan, 1998), p. 548.
11 Lawson, p. 907.
12 Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988.
13 Sir Michael Butler, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice.
14 Sir Michael Butler, interviewed for DOHP, Churchill College, Cambridge.
15 Lawson, p. 907.
16 The Times, 25 October 1988.
17 John Campbell, Nye Bevan and the Mirage of British Socialism (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986), p. 337.
18 House of Commons, 27 April 1989 [Vol. 151, col. 1089].
19 Ibid., 18 May 1989 [Vol. 153, col. 470].
20 Speech to Conservative Women’s conference, 24 May 1989.
21 Howe, p. 578.
22 Thatcher, pp. 712 – 13.
23 Lawson, p. 933.
24 Thatcher, pp. 711 – 12.
25 Lawson, p. 932.
26 Thatcher, p. 711.
27 Cradock, p. 132.
28 Howe, p. 582.
29 Interview for ITN, 27 June 1989.
30 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 117 (26 June 1989).
31 Wyatt, reference missing.
32 Thatcher, p. 712.
33 Ibid., p. 758.
34 Ibid., p. 757.
35 Ridley, p. 40.
36 Ranelagh, p. 285.
37 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 139 (26 July 1989).
38 Press conference, Dublin, 26 June 1990.
39 Interview for BBC Radio, 14 June 1989.
40 Lawson, p. 898.
41 Douglas Hurd, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice.
24. Tomorrow the World
1 House of Commons, 28 March 1979 [Vol. 965, col. 470].
2 Daniel Yergan and Joseph Stanislaw, The Commanding Heights; The Battle Between Government and the Marketplace that is Remaking the Modern World (Touchstone, New York, 1998), p. 124.
3 Ibid., p. 13.
4 Thatcher, p. 813.
5 George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998), p. 60.
6 Ibid., pp. 68 – 9.
7 Ibid., p. 72.
8 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 80.
9 ibid, pp. 82 – 3.
10 Ibid., p. 83; The Times, 30 March 1990.
11 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 84.
12 Cradock, p. 184.
13 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 84.
14 Press conference in Downing Street, 10 November 1989.
15 Urban, p. 99.
16 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 192.
17 Thatcher, p. 794.
18 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 193.
19 Transcript of telephone conversation, 9 November 1989 (Bush papers, OA/ID CFO 1731).
20 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 253.
21 Ibid., p. 195.
22 Transcript of telephone conversation, 3 December 1989 (Bush papers, OA/ID CFO 1729).
23 Bush and Scowcroft, pp. 198 – 9.
24 Ibid., p. 213.
25 Thatcher, p. 798.
26 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 159.
27 Ibid., p. 214.
28 Ibid., pp. 248 – 9.
29 Ibid., p. 249.
30 Ibid., p. 265.
31 Ibid., p. 294.
32 Thatcher, p. 811.
33 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 295.
34 Financial Times, 11 December 1989.
35 Independent, 25 October 2000.
36 Speech to the Royal Society, 27 September 1988.
37 The Earl of Caithness in Dale, p. 37.
38 Bush papers, 140654.
39 Speech to UN General Assembly, New York, 8 November 1989.
40 Speech to the Royal Society, 27 September 1988; interview in She, February 1989.
41 Margaret Thatcher to George Bush, 7 June 1990 (Bush papers, John Sonunu files CA/ID CF 00151).
42 Speech at World Climate Conference, Geneva, 6 November 1990.
43 Thatcher, Statecraft, pp. 449 – 57.
44 Scott Report, D3 11 – 15.
45 Ibid., D3 102.
4
6 Ibid., D3 11 – 15.
47 Ibid., C2 73.
48 James, p. 285.
49 Not the Scott Report, p. 22.
50 Scott Report, D3 105 – 6.
51 Ibid., D4 11 – 23.
52 Ibid., D 16.
53 Ibid., D3 164 – 5.
54 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 320.
55 Press conference at Aspen, Colorado, 2 August 1990.
56 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 320.
57 Ingham, p. 262.
58 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 315.
59 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 342 (10 August 1990).
60 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 352.
61 Barbara Bush, A Memoir (Scribners’s, New York, 1995), p. 353.
62 Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, The Gulf Conflict, 1990 – 91 (Faber, 1993), p. 177.
63 BBC, 7 January 1996.
64 House of Commons, 28 October 1990 [Vol. 178, col. 498].
65 Sir Michael Carver, Tightrope Walking: British Defence Policy since 1945 (Hutchinson, 1992), p. 163.
66 Thatcher, Downing Street Years, p. 826.
67 Bush and Scowcroft, p. 407.
68 Thatcher, p. 828.
69 De la Billiere, pp. 401 – 2.
70 Carver, p. 163.
71 Cradock, p. 179.
72 Press conference in Paris, 19 November 1990.
25. On and On
1 Lady Thatcher, interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
2 Carol Thatcher, pp. 253 – 4.
3 Neil, p. 236.
4 Wyatt, Vol. 2, pp. 82 – 6 (7 May 1989).
5 Interview for IRN, 24 November 1989.
6 Annual Register 1989, p. 21.
7 Butler and Butler, pp. 256 – 7.
8 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 169 (9 October 1989).
9 Ranelagh, p. 306.
10 House of Commons, 13 June 1989 [Vol. 154, col. 702].
11 Daily Mail, 9 October 1989.
12 Financial Times, 18 October 1989.
13 Lawson, p. 959.
14 Thatcher, pp. 715 – 18; Lawson, pp. 960 – 64.
15 Major, p. 134.
16 Ibid., p. 133.
17 Thatcher, p. 717.
18 Stuart, p. 234.
19 Baker, p. 309.
20 Daily Express, 28 October 1989.
21 Lawson, p. 967.
22 Interviewed on The Walden Interview, 29 October 1989; reprinted in David Cox (ed.), The Walden Interviews (Boxtree, 1900), pp. 30 – 52.
23 Nigel Lawson, interviewed on The Walden Interview, 5 November 1989, loc. cit., pp. 53 – 75.
24 Stuart, p. 236.
25 Major, p. 155.
26 Antony Seldon, Major: A Political Life (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997), p. 112.
27 Cole, p. 349.
28 Private conversation, William Waldegrave, 10 December 1997.
29 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 189 (3 November 1989).
30 Ibid., p. 260 (21 March 1990).
31 Ibid., p. 288 (6 May 1990).
32 Thatcher, p. 719.
33 Wyatt, Vol. 2, pp. 339 – 40 (31 July 1990).
34 Ibid., p. 343.
35 David Waddington, in Dale, p. 217.
36 Major, p. 156.
37 Seldon, p. 104.
38 Major, p. 161.
39 Press conference in Downing Street, 5 October 1990.
40 Financial Times, 6 October 1990.
41 Major, p. 163.
42 Charles Powell on BBC TV, 16 September 1997.
43 Major, pp. 339 – 40.
44 Miller, p. 344.
26. The Defenestration of Downing Street
1 Sked and Cook, p. 551.
2 Ridley, p. 251.
3 The Times, 28 November 1990.
4 Alan Watkins, A Conservative Coup: The Fall of Margaret Thatcher (Duckworth, 1992), p. 213.
5 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 246 (25 February 1990).
6 Walden, pp. 301 – 2.
7 Thatcher, p. 767.
8 House of Commons, 30 October 1990 [Vol. 178, cols 869 – 92].
9 Owen, Time to Declare (Michael Joseph, 1991), p. 777.
10 House of Commons, 30 October 1990 [Vol. 178, cols 869 – 92].
11 The Times, 31 October 1990.
12 Owen, p. 777.
13 Sun, 31 October 1990.
14 Ranelagh, p. 285; Parkinson, pp. 118 – 19.
15 Howe, p. 647.
16 Howe to Mrs Thatcher, The Times, 2 November 1990.
17 Mrs Thatcher to Howe, The Times, 2 November 1990.
18 The Times, 2 November 1990.
19 Ibid., 3 November 1990.
20 Millar, p. 348.
21 House of Commons, 7 November 1990 [Vol. 180, col. 32].
22 Ibid., 13 November 1990 [Vol. 180, cols 461 – 5]; Howe, pp. 697 – 703.
23 Lawson, p. 1000.
24 Paddy Ashdown, The Ashdown Diaries, Vol. 1 (Allen Lane, 2000), p. 96.
25 Independent, 22 November 2000.
26 Walker, p. 233.
27 Parkinson, p. 25.
28 Michael Heseltine, Life in the Jungle (Hodder & Stoughton, 2000), pp. 362 – 3.
29 Baker, p. 363.
30 Walden, p. 302.
31 House of Commons, 12 December 1989 [Vol. 163, col. 849].
32 Stuart, p. 251.
33 Wyatt,Vol. 2, pp. 388 – 9 (15 November 1990).
34 Major, p. 184.
35 Press conference in Paris, 19 November 1990.
36 Speech at CSCE conference in Paris, 19 November 1990.
37 Ingham, p. 395.
38 Statement to reporters, Paris, 20 November 1990.
39 Charles Powell, interviewed on LWT, 17 September 2000; Ingham, p. 395.
40 Carol Thatcher, p. 264.
41 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 395 (20 November 1990).
42 Thatcher, p. 845.
43 Heseltine, p. 368.
44 Cole, p. 376.
45 Clark, pp. 359 – 61.
46 Thatcher, pp. 846 – 7.
47 Watkins, p.17.
48 Thatcher, p. 849.
49 Ibid.
50 House of Commons, 21 November 1990 [Vol. 181, cols 291 – 310].
51 Thatcher, p. 850.
52 Ibid., p. 851.
53 Watkins, p. 18.
54 Clark, pp. 364 – 5 (21 November 1990).
55 Thatcher, p. 855.
56 Baker, p. 407.
57 Thatcher, p. 855.
58 Interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
59 Malcolm Balen, Kenneth Clarke (Fourth Estate, 1994), p. 208.
60 Penny Junor, John Major, p. 197.
61 Resignation statement, 22 November 1990.
62 Thatcher, p. 859.
63 House of Commons, 22 November 1990 [Vol. 181, cols 445 – 53].
64 Baker, p. 414.
65 Carol Thatcher, p. 269.
66 Baker, p. 396.
67 Wyatt,Vol. 2, pp. 401 – 2 (23 November 1990).
68 Junor, p. 205.
69 Remarks at Conservative Central Office, 26 November 1990.
70 House of Commons, 27 November 1990 [Vol. 181, cols 737 – 42].
71 Statement on leaving Downing Street, 28 November 1990.
72 Carol Thatcher, p. 274.
27. Afterlife
1 She, 11 March 1987.
2 Woman’s Own, 23 September 1987.
3 TV-am, 4 May 1989.
4 Major, p. 207.
5 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 411 (29 November 1990).
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid., p. 414 (2 December 1990).
8 The Times, 29 September 1992.
9 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 613 (29 November 1991).
10 The Times, 16 May 1991.
11 Ibid., 28 May 1991.
12 Ibid., 20, 21 August 1991.
13 Ibid., 2 October 1991.
14 Ibid.
15 House of Commons, 28 February 1991 [Vol. 186, col. 1120].
16 Wyatt,Vol. 2, p. 675 (15 March 1992).
17 Ibid., p. 677 (17 March 1992).
18 Major, p. 299.
19 Wyatt,Vol. 2, pp
. 690 – 91 (9 April 1992).
20 The Times, 11 April 1992.
21 Newsweek, 17 April 1992; The Times, 21 April 1992.
22 Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 12 (22 April 1992).
23 Wyatt, Vol. 2, p. 405 (26 November 1990).
24 Wyatt, Vol. 3, p. 22 (6 May 1992).
25 Ibid., p. 64 (30 June 1992).
26 Ibid., p. 64 (28 June 1992).
27 The Times, 6 August 1992.
28 New York Times, 6 August 1992.
29 The Times, 14 August 1992.
30 Douglas Hurd, The Search for Peace (Little, Brown, 1997), pp. 126, 141.
31 Independent/The European, 17 December 1992.
32 The Times, 14 April 1993.
33 Brendan Simms, Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia (Allen Lane, 2001), p. 50.
34 The Times, 21 September 1992.
35 Wyatt,Vol. 3, p. 100 (18 September 1992).
36 House of Lords, 7 June 1993 [Vol. 546, cols 560 – 66].
37 Interview, Julian Seymour; Thatcher, Statecraft, pp. 191 – 2.
38 Thatcher, p. 193.
39 Interview, Julian Seymour.
40 Thatcher, Downing Street Years, pp. 719, 721.
41 Seldon, p. 579.
42 The Times, 14 July 1995.
43 Wyatt,Vol. 3, p. 581 (29 November 1995).
44 Dale, p. x.
45 Speech in Fulton, Missouri, 9 March 1996.
46 Paul Johnson in the Sunday Telegraph, 16 March 1997.
47 The Times, 23 November 1996.
48 Ibid., 18 March 1997.
49 The Week, 22 June 2002.
50 The Times, 26 May 1997.
51 Independent, 19 June 1997; Brenda Maddox, Maggie: The First Lady (Hodder & Stoughton, 2003), p. 225.
52 Independent, 23 May 2001.
53 The Week, 25 August 2001.
54 BBC 2,3 November 2001.
55 The Times, 7 February 1995.
56 Sunday Times, 8 December 1996.
57 Independent, 12 August 1998.
58 The Times, 1 April 1996.
59 Independent, 4 April 1996.
60 Maddox, p. 225.
61 Thatcher, Statecraft, pp. 37 – 8.
62 Ibid., p. 228.
63 Ibid., p. 54.
64 Ibid., p. 206.
65 Ibid., p. 320.
66 Ibid., p. 321.
67 The Times, 22 March 2002.
68 Independent on Sunday, 24 March 2002.
69 Independent, 1 May 2003.
70 Sun, 23 March 2002.
71 The Times, 14 May 2008.
72 Andrew Rawnsley, Servants of the People (Penguin 2001), p. 213.
Sources and Bibliography
Primary sources
The Iron Lady Page 70
