14. Cleal et al. 2004.
15. Parker Pearson 2003.
16. Entwistle and Grant 1989.
17. Jones and Rowley-Conwy 2007.
18. Wainwright with Longworth 1971: 156–81.
19. Allen et al. 2011.
20. Parker Pearson 2008.
21. Gibson 1998b: fig. 6.6.
CHAPTER 7
1. Atkinson 1979: 207.
2. Parker Pearson et al. 2007.
CHAPTER 8
1. Richards 1990.
2. Vatcher and Vatcher 1973.
3. Cleal et al. 1995: 43–7.
4. Kenyon 1957.
5. Schmidt 2005.
6. Lawson 2007: 50–60.
7. Ibid.: 62–7.
8. Mercer and Healey 2008; Whittle et al. 1999.
9. Farrer 1917.
10. Stone 1947.
11. Christie 1963.
12. Richards 1990: 93–6.
13. Ibid.: 72–93.
14. Thomas et al. 2009.
15. Richards 1990: 96–109.
16. Barclay and Harding 1999.
17. Green 2000: 57–63.
18. Stone 1947: 19.
19. Thurnham 1869.
20. Burl 2006: 92–3.
21. Bowen and Smith 1977.
22. Johnson 2008: fig. 62.
23. Parker Pearson 1999.
24. Annable and Simpson 1964: 49–50, 104.
CHAPTER 9
1. Hunter-Mann 1999; Jacques 2010.
2. Metcalf and Huntington 1991.
3. Parker Pearson et al. 2010: 29–41.
4. Stone 1935.
5. Green 2000: 70; Rosamund Cleal pers. comm.
6. Stone and Young 1948.
7. Stone 1949.
8. Parker Pearson 2007.
9. Wainwright with Longworth 1971: 235–306.
10. Cunnington 1929.
11. Pollard 1995b.
12. Parker Pearson et al. 2009.
13. Scaife in Cleal et al. 2004.
14. Allen 1997.
CHAPTER 10
1. Darvill and Wainwright 2002; Darvill et al. 2003; 2004; 2005.
2. Darvill and Wainwright 2009.
3. Richards 1990.
4. Pitts 1982.
5. Young 1935a.
6. Darvill and Wainwright 2009.
7. Cleal et al. 1995: fig. 85.
8. Atkinson 1956: 46–50.
9. Atkinson 1956: 63.
10. Richardson 1988.
11. Sayer 2010.
12. Thackray and Payne 2010.
13. Piggott 1968.
14. Julius Caesar [1951].
15. Field and Parker Pearson 2004: 144–8.
16. Ibid.: 31–3.
17. Ross 1999.
18. Tierney 1960.
19. Tacitus [2003]. Annals, Book 14: 30.
20. Pliny the Elder [1945]. Natural History, Librum XVI.
21. Parker Pearson et al. 2009; Pitts et al. 2002.
CHAPTER 11
1. Atkinson et al. 1951.
2. Atkinson 1956: 13.
3. Hawley 1921: 30–1.
4. Hawley 1928: 156.
5. Parker Pearson et al. 2009: fig. 8.
6. Cleal et al. 1995: fig. 55; Parker Pearson et al. 2009: fig. 4.
7. Parker Pearson et al. 2009: table 2.
CHAPTER 12
1. McKinley 1993; 1994; 1997; 2000; McKinley and Bond 2001.
2. Atkinson 1956: 49.
3. Cleal et al. 1995: 101, fig. 55.
4. Cleal et al. 1995: tables 57 and 58.
5. Thomas 1999: 131–51.
6. Metcalf and Huntington 1991: 33–5.
7. Whittle et al. 2007.
8. Kinnes 1979.
9. Gibson and Bayliss 2009.
10. Healey 1997; Barclay et al. 2009; Stephany Leach pers. comm. (North End Pot).
11. Needham 2005.
12. Evans 1984.
13. Woodward and Woodward 1996.
14. Cunnington 1929.
15. Cleal et al. 1995: 437–51.
16. Ibid.: 421–2.
17. Ibid.: table 64.
CHAPTER 13
1. Roberts and Cox 2003.
2. Lanting and Brindley 1998.
3. Montgomery et al. 2000; Richards et al. 2003.
4. Cleal et al. 1995: 456.
5. Hawley 1924: 33; Cleal et al. 1995: table 57.
6. Roberts and Cox 2003.
7. Van der Sanden 1996.
8. Atkinson et al. 1951; Healy 1997; Lynch and Musson 2004; Piggott 1948b; West 1990.
9. Roe 1968; 1979.
10. Fenwick 1995.
11. Colt Hoare 1812; Needham et al. 2010.
12. Needham et al. 2010: 2.
13. Cleal et al. 1995: 360–1.
14. Parker Pearson et al. 2010: 426–8.
15. Carr 1995; Tainter 1978.
16. Parker Pearson 2006.
17. Case 2004; Gibson 2007.
18. Thurnham 1863.
19. Clarke 1976; Mercer 1977.
20. Harrison 1980.
21. Muller and van Willigen 2001.
22. Barclay and Halpin 1998.
23. Burgess and Shennan 1976.
24. Brodie 1994.
25. Fitzpatrick 2002.
26. Evans et al. 2006.
27. Jay et al. 2011.
28. Mahoney 2007.
29. Šoberl et al. 2009.
30. Smith and Brickley 2009.
31. Roberts and Cox 2003.
CHAPTER 14
1. Crawford 1924.
2. Earthwork survey carried out by Desmond Bonney, and later by Carenza Lewis, of the former Royal Commission on Historic Monuments for England (subsequently assimilated into English Heritage).
3. Smith 1973.
4. Richards 1990: 123–58.
5. Harding 1988.
6. Richards 1990: 109–23.
7. Ibid.: 184–92.
CHAPTER 15
1. Leivers and Moore 2008.
2. Woodward and Woodward 1996.
3. Richards 1990: figs 12–14.
4. Cleal et al. 1995: 154–61.
5. Whittle 1997a.
6. Richards 1990: fig. 2.
7. Cleal et al. 1995: 356–9.
8. Ibid.: 301, 309–11.
9. Evans 1984.
10. Cleal and Allen 1994.
11. Newall’s Mound is not to be confused with Peter’s Mound (named after the astronomer “Peter” Newham) on Larkhill.
12. Bradley 2000.
13. Young 1935b; Vatcher and Vatcher 1973.
14. Pitts 1982.
15. Stukeley 1724: 43.
16. Atkinson 1956: 39, 42; Cleal et al. 1995: fig. 15.
17. Jones 1655.
18. Stukeley 1740; Piggott 1985.
19. Flinders Petrie 1880.
20. Thom and Thom 1988.
21. Johnson 2008: 186–250.
22. Hill 2008.
23. Chamberlain and Parker Pearson 2007.
24. Michell 1981; Neal 2000.
25. Wainwright 1979.
26. Cunnington 1929.
27. Flinders Petrie 1880.
CHAPTER 16
1. Stone 1938.
2. Stone 1947.
3. BBC 2010.
4. Thomas 1923.
5. Thorpe et al. 1991.
6. Williams-Thorpe et al. 2006.
7. Ixer and Bevins 2011.
8. Atkinson 1956: 46.
9. Ixer and Turner 2006.
10. Van Tilburg 1994.
11. Atkinson 1956: 109.
12. John 2008: 47–53.
13. Hoskins 1986; Parker Pearson et al. 2010: 36–9, 490–510.
14. Pryor 2003: 160.
15. Pipes 2004.
16. Hoskins 1986.
17. Judd 1902.
18. Thomas 1923.
19. Kellaway 1971.
20. Kellaway 1991; 2002.
21. Green 1973.
22. Bell and Walker 1992: 72. My research in the Western Isles of Scotland has revealed
that it was warm enough at that time to grow wheat, a crop that cannot be grown there today; Parker Pearson et al. 2004.
23. John 2008; Williams-Thorpe et al. 1997.
24. Clark et al. 2011; Gibbard and Clark in press.
25. Williams-Thorpe et al. 1997.
26. Williams-Thorpe et al. 2006.
27. Cunnington 1924.
28. Pitts 2001: 198–203.
29. Parker Pearson et al. 2010: 36–9.
30. Breeze and Munro 1997.
31. Campbell 2003.
32. Wikipedia 2010.
33. Morgan 1887; Burl 1976: 104–6.
34. Bradley and Edmonds 1993.
35. Whittle et al. 1999; Mercer and Healy 2008.
36. Darvill and Wainwright 2002.
37. Grimes 1936; 1939.
38. Grimes 1949; 1960.
39. Darvill et al. 2005: 22.
40. Grimes 1963; Darvill and Wainwright 2003.
41. Wright 2007.
42. Burl 2006: 136.
43. Atkinson 1956: 190–1.
44. Darvill 2006.
45. Fitzpatrick 2002.
46. Ashbee 1978; Christie 1967.
47. Pia Bennike pers. comm.; Sundem 2010.
48. Smith and Brickley 2009: 134.
49. Leary and Field 2010; Thorpe et al. 1991: 109, 112.
50. Grimes 1963: 150.
51. Spinal Tap is a fictional heavy metal band whose 1984 comedy rock musical “mocumentary” featured a laughably small Stonehenge megalith only 18 inches high, due to a mistake made in the design stage about its dimensions.
52. Parker Pearson 2005: fig. 49.
53. Murphy et al. 2010: 17.
54. Mytum and Webster 2003.
55. Cummins 1979.
56. Louise Austin pers. comm.
CHAPTER 17
1. Hawley 1921; 1922.
2. Howard in Pitts 1982.
3. Evans et al. 1988.
4. Bowen and Smith 1977.
5. Atkinson 1956: 110–17.
6. Hill 1961.
7. Piggott 1948a.
8. Ibid.
9. Leary et al. 2010.
10. Wainwright et al. 1971.
CHAPTER 18
1. Evans 1984.
2. Darvill and Wainwright 2009.
3. Darwin 1881: 154–6.
4. Armour-Chelu and Andrews 1994; Canti 2003.
5. Atkinson 1957.
6. Cleal et al. 1995: fig. 92.
CHAPTER 19
1. Field et al. 2010.
2. Hinton 1977.
3. Wright 2007; Giles 1841.
4. Crowley et al. 1995.
CHAPTER 20
1. Lynch and Musson 2004.
2. Hardy 1928.
3. Healy 1997.
4. Cleal et al. 1995: 361; Piggott 1938.
5. Wainwright 1979; Barber 2009.
6. Bradley 1975.
7. Woodward et al. 1993.
8. Atkinson et al. 1951; Whittle et al. 1992.
9. Oswald 1969.
10. West 1990.
11. Barclay et al. 2009.
12. Green 2000: 77–84; Montgomery et al. 2000.
13. Green 2000: 69–76.
14. Mortimer 1905.
15. Gibson and Bayliss 2009.
16. Kinnes et al. 1983.
17. Piggott 1948b.
18. SNS-Bornholm n.d.
19. Lewis and Mullin 2010.
20. Harding 2003.
21. Towrie 2008.
22. Richards 2005.
23. Ritchie 1976.
24. Towrie 2010.
25. Sheridan 2003; 2004.
26. Ashbee 1993; Healy 2008.
27. Cummings and Whittle 2004.
28. Lynch 1975.
29. Gibson 1999.
30. Gibson 1992.
31. As well as Carreg Samson, the other two closed-chamber tombs in Pembrokeshire are Hanging Stone and Parc y Llyn; Sheridan 2010, and see Barker 1992.
32. Mercer 1999.
33. Barker 1992: 28–30 j V. Cummings and C. Richards pers. comm.
34. Wikipedia 2010.
35. Burl 1993; Cassen 2009.
36. Márquez-Romero and Fernández Ruiz 2009; Ruiz González 2009.
37. Renfrew 1968.
38. Taylor 2001: 142–3.
39. Grimes 1949.
40. Piggott 1962.
41. Gibson 1998a & b.
42. Richards 1990: fig. 97.
43. Hartwell 1998; Eogan and Roche 1997.
44. Gibson 1999.
45. Atkinson 1956: 163.
CHAPTER 21
1. Leary and Field 2010.
2. Dickson and Dickson 2000: 79–81.
3. O’Kelly 1982.
4. Phillips 1936.
5. Wainwright 1979.
6. Gale et al. 2008.
7. Needham et al. 2010.
8. Piggott 1938.
9. Needham et al. 2010.
10. Yates 2007.
11. Burl 2006: 20.
12. Henry of Huntingdon 1129–1154 [1991].
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