farming landscape of, 72
flint worked during, 134
pottery from, at Durrington Walls, 101
reconstruction of roundhouse from, 74
timber causeways from, 256
isotopic analysis, 5, 93, 118, 120, 195, 200, 209, 211, 212, 214, 320
see also tooth enamel
Ixer, Rob, 262, 263, 265, 286, 287
J
jadeitite, 21
Jedi, 177
Jefferson, Thomas, 12
Jericho, 137
John, Brian, 270
Johnson, Anthony, 255
Jones, Inigo, 30, 254
Judd, William, 268
Jury, Reg, 218, 220
Jutes, 176
K
Keen, Jake, 126
Kellaway, Geoff, 268
Kennet river, 11, 60, 294, 297
King Barrow Ridge, 240
chalk plaques found at, 227, 227, 228
King Barrows, 240
Knap Hill, 296, 299
Knossos, 13
Knowth, 335
macehead found at, 204
Knüsel, Chris, 118
Kuttamuwa, 12
L
Langdale, 271
Lao Tzu, 12
Larkhill, 110
Leary, Jim, 300, 301, 301
Lewis, Isle of, 150, 325, 353
Library of History (Diodorus), 353
LIDAR (laser mapping system), 261
Limbrey, Susan, 135
Lincoln, Abraham, 12
lintels, 5, 27, 34, 40, 90, 91, 102, 248, 252, 254, 259, 280, 292, 293, 334, 338
Lizard peninsula, 17
Llandegai henge, 315, 316, 319, 321, 325
Lockyer, Norman, 45
Loggan, David, 151
London Stone, 274
long barrows, 138, 194, 212, 327
long foot, 257, 260, 338
Luxenborough Plantation, 125, 151
M
maceheads, 204, 205
McKinley, Jacqui, 189, 190, 199, 202, 281
Madagascar, 9, 11, 13, 158, 219, 267, 268, 273
Madgwick, Richard, 121
Marden, 300, 301
marine shell, 67, 158, 159
Marlborough Downs, 174, 274, 292, 338
Marshall, Peter, 110, 203
Maumbury Rings, 318
Max Gate, 317, 318
Maya, 212
Megalithic Yard, 254, 256
Meini Gwyr, 277
Mendips, 153, 320, 323
Menhir Brise, 332
Merlin, 278
Mesolithic period, 4n, 18, 22, 305
flint tools of, 23, 134, 230, 236
mystery surrounding disposal of dead during, 194
metal tools, first, 16
micaceous sandstone, 262, 263, 265
Michell, John, 257
microliths, 23, 134
Middle Stone Age, see Mesolithic period
midsummer, midwinter solstice see solstices
Migration Period, 153
Milford Haven, 265, 266, 276, 283
Millmead, 158, 159
Ministry of Defence, 39, 110
Ministry of justice, 50, 174
Monkton Up Wimbourne, 319, 322
monuments, earliest, 20
Mortimer, J. R., 321
Mount Killaurus, 279
Mount Pleasant, 259, 318, 346
Mukherjee, Anna, 117
Mulville, Jacqui, 74
Mycenae, 40, 332
N
National Geographic Society, 93
National Museum of Ireland, 350
National Trust, 103, 142, 173, 235
and A 303 trunk road, 232
and Avebury Museum’s prehistoric skeletons, 176
Neal, John, 257
Needham, Stuart, 351
Neolithic period
to Bronze Age, transition from, 123, 344
clearance of forest during, 164, 290
DNA studies throw light on, 5, 18
Early, concentration of monuments of, in Wales, 325
etymology of, 4n
gathering places during, 16
illnesses during, 202, 281
kin-group networks during, 17
labor organization during, 115
Millmead pits contain objects from, see Millmead
mystery surrounding disposal of dead during, 162
people of, violent causes of death among, 64
plant remains from, 122, 126, 163
pottery of, see pottery
quarries of, difficulty in verifying, 286
reconstruction of house from, 17
rediscovery of periglacial feature during, 247
single farmsteads favored during, 16
sites of, map showing, 24
sociable nature of, 275
and Stonehenge’s new sequence, see Stonehenge’s new sequence
transition from Mesolithic to, 18, 22
Ness of Brodgar, 99, 107, 324, 325, 329
Netherlands, 19
Nevern valley, 265, 284, 287, 288
New Stone Age, see Neolithic period
Newall, Robert, 37, 167, 181, 187, 248
Newall’s Mound, 242, 247
Newham, C. A. (“Peter”), 110
Normans, 176
Normanton Down, 134, 347, 349
North, John, 46, 48
North Barrow (Stonehenge), 310, 311
North End Pot, 195
North Kite, 229, 350
Northcote Primary School, 255
Northern Circle, Durrington Walls, 3, 81, 87, 92, 109, 334
Nunn, Bob, 218, 219, 230
Nystrom, Pia, 199
O
Office of Works, 36, 37
Old Sarum, 36
Old Stone Age, see Paleolithic period
omphalos, 331
On Stonehenge (Hoyle), 46
Orkney, 16, 52, 53, 58, 72, 97, 99, 100, 101, 106, 107, 28 323, 324, 32 330
ornaments, see bone pins and ornaments
Ötzi the Iceman, 123
Outer Hebrides, 14, 52, 74, 150, 325, 327, 353
P
Pagans, 173, 176, 179
other groups within, 177
see also Druids
Pagans for Archaeology, 180
paleochannels, 156, 162
Paleolithic period, 4n
flint worked during, 134
Upper, 9, 134
Palisade, see Stonehenge Palisade
passage tombs, 276n
Passmore, A. D., 67
Peak District, 213
Pendragon, Uther, 312
Pentre Ifan, 276, 334
perfect circles, 322
periglacial features, 242, 243, 245, 249, 310
Peterborough Ware, 54, 54, 330
Peter’s Mound, 110
Peterson, Rick, 296
phallus, flint, 66, 68, 68
pig figurine, 236, 237
Piggott, Stuart, 38, 40, 41, 42, 47, 182, 185, 299, 349
pigs, 18, 25, 102, 103, 108, 119, 126, 158, 161, 197, 230, 305
Pike, Alistair, 160
Pipes, Gordon, 268
Pitts, Mike, 40, 42, 148, 167, 203, 248, 252, 258
and Boles Barrow, 272
plant remains see Durrington Walls: plant remains; Neolithic period: plant remains
Pollard, Josh, 3, 13, 62, 182, 198, 286, 334, 335
Avebury excavation by, 59, 152
Bluestonehenge excavation by, 220, 232
Larkhill excavation by, 110
Stonehenge palisade excavation by, 235
Stukeley sarsens sketch turned up by, 296, 298
at West Kennet excavation, 234
Woodhenge excavation by, 85, 94, 95, 150, 160, 196, 259, 339
pollen analysis, 163
portal dolmens, 276, 287, 289, 298, 299, 325, 328, 331, 334
Parton Down, 39
Posidonius, 179
pottery
Beaker, 54, 77, 117, 117, 170, 206, 212, 344, 350
Bronze Age
, 4, 19, 40, 54, 77, 148, 187, 237, 238, 261
Grooved Ware, see main entry
in Ireland, 20
Iron Age, 101
Neolithic, 20, 53, 54, 55, 148, 275, 330
Peterborough Ware, see main entry
Roman, at Stonehenge, 32, 170
in Scotland, 20
simple names given to types of, 54
spiral-decorated, 115
Preseli hills, 7, 264, 275, 278, 283, 325, 327
absence of Late Neolithic monuments in or near, 327
acidic soils of, 276
Bedd Arthur in, 277
Bedd yr Afanc in, 276
Carn Breseb in, 287
Carn Ddafad-las in, 287
Carn Goedog in, 265, 275, 283, 284, 285, 289
Carn Menyn (Meini) in, 265, 275, 276, 277, 281
Castell Mawr in, 287
Craig Rhosyfelin in, 283, 284, 286, 288, 289
Foel Trigarn in, 276
Gors Fawr in, 277
holy wells in, 281
map showing location of, 24
Meini Gwyr in, 277
Pentre Ifan in, 276, 334
possible ancestral significance of, 328
possible Salisbury Plain link with, 271
prehistoric houses in, 285
prehistoric quarry found in, 286
rich in Neolithic monuments, 276
Riverside Project team’s work in, 283, 286
stone circles in, 277
stone tools from, 271
Waun Mawn in, 283, 288, 289
see also bluestones
Preshute, 296
Priddy Circles, 323
Pytheas of Marseilles, 353
Q
Q and R Holes, 43, 166, 183, 193, 223, 253, 260, 303, 307, 310, 343
R
radiocarbon dating
of cremated bones, 200, 202
of Durrington Walls, 5, 110, 117
new Stonehenge chronology based on, 307; see also Stonehenge’s new sequence
of Stonehenge, 23, 40, 42, 45, 108, 128, 135, 169, 184, 185, 200, 230, 247, 303, 307, 332
Ramilisonina, 6, 7, 9, 205, 219, 268, 273, 293
Rawlins, Henry, 55
Rawlins, Stan, 55, 61, 96
red deer, 24, 25, 121
pick-axes from antlers of, 32, 121, 197
Renfrew, Colin, 47, 332
Reynolds, Peter, 74
rhyolite, 262, 263, 265, 283, 284, 286
St David’s (Group VIII) source of, 289
Richards, Colin, 3, 56, 62, 74, 86, 90, 246, 287, 289
bluestone chippings’ distribution plotted by, 228
at Coneybury excavation, 25
Cuckoo Stone excavation by, 147, 148, 150, 223
at Fargo Plantation, 94, 229, 262
and Grooved Ware, 53
and molehills, 53, 248
open-air cremation witnessed by, 190
and Orkney, 52, 58, 72, 97, 106, 323
and quarries, 150, 284
and stones’ shaping and dressing, 248
Tor Stone excavation by, 151
Richards, Julian, 25, 133, 140, 143, 167, 189, 226, 227
disagreement of, over Aubrey Hole, 193n
dolerite found by, 229
pits discovered by, 145, 227
Richards, Mike, 211
Ring of Brodgar, 99, 323, 324
Rispebjerg complex, 323
River Avon, 1, 17, 57, 59, 216, 229, 246, 265, 343, 347
changing course of, 156
paleochannels of, 156, 162
role of, within Stonehenge landscape, 156
Site of Special Scientific Interest, 217
stone found in, 151
Stonehenge-Durrington Walls link provided by, 7, 10, 14, 50, 55
see also Avon valley
Robin Hood’s Ball, 139, 196, 300
see also causewayed enclosures
Robinson, David (“California Dave”), 94, 95, 160, 238
rock art, 276
Roman foot, 254, 260
Roman period, 69, 150, 157, 176, 237, 254, 307, 311, 312
burials during, 150
Caesar on, 177
coins from, 150, 312
Diodorus Siculus on, 353
and druids, 76, 177, 178
and Greater Cursus, 140
Late, buildings of, 150
and phallus symbolism, 69
pit circle reused as amphitheater during, 318
pottery from, 32, 170, 187, 312
Tacitus on, 179
Ross Island, 125
round barrows, 152, 194, 196, 233, 298, 312, 346, 347, 352
Royal Archaeological Institute, 62
Rudston, 331, 332
Ruggles, Clive, 48, 79, 246
Russell, Miles, 171
Rylatt, Jim, 218, 220, 230
S
Sahlins, Marshall, 20
Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum, 38, 90, 108, 132, 150, 184, 272
Salisbury Plain
and last Ice Age, 63, 163
later habitation of, 326
many monuments on, 1, 7
as military training area, 110, 147
possible Preseli link with, 271
small, mobile groups inhabit, 135
see also Stonehenge
sarsen, 34, 147, 150, 292
from Bulford, 152
chippings from stone-dressing area, 42, 247, 251
chippings from Stonehenge and avenue, 187, 243, 247
difficult to shape, 293
dressing area for, 248, 250, 299
dressing of, 247, 293
hammerstones used for pounding, 35, 187, 250, 293
sarsen circle, 23, 34, 37, 40, 167, 255, 338
Amesbury Archer not architect of, 209
antler picks from, see under antler picks
compromised stability of, for sake of symmetry, 293
dating of, 23, 128, 169, 200, 230, 247, 303
diameter of, 27, 46, 254
dimensions and weights of stones of, 292
Stone No. 11 of, 252, 253
numbering system for, 33
possible routes for stones of, 294, 295, 299
Q and R Holes thought by Atkinson to be earlier than, 169
as symbol of unification, 331
transport of stones of, 268
units of measurement used in construction of, 254
see also great trilithon; lintels; Stonehenge; trilithons
Saxons, 176, 179, 278, 312
Scaife, Rob, 163
Scandinavia, 19
Scone, Stone of, 273
Scotland, Neolithic pottery found in, 20
Senni Beds, 265
Severn river, valley and estuary, 265, 267, 270, 290, 327, 328
shamans, 154, 177
Shaw, Lawrence, 250
sheep, 15, 25, 159, 237
Shell, Colin, 154
Shelley, Pat, 172
Sheridan, Alison, 20, 21, 326
shortfoot, 257, 259, 260, 338
Sikhs, 177
Silbury Hill, 60, 60, 282, 344, 346, 351, 352
Simmons, Ellen, 122
Skara Brae, 52, 53, 99, 100, 101
Skendleby, 346
Slaughter Stone, 32, 41, 252, 293, 310
Smeaton, Lee, 150
Smith, George, 216, 221
Smith, Helen, 74
snails, 164, 240
Soberl, Lucija, 149, 212
Society of Antiquaries, 36, 38, 188, 305
soil micromorphology, 76
solstices, 41, 45, 48, 144, 161, 173, 180, 198, 245
Somerbough, Fl.-Lt. 158
Somerset Levels, 21
South Barrow (Stonehenge), 107, 310, 311, 335
South Uist, see under Outer Hebrides
Southern Circle, Durrington Walls, 3, 57, 79, 89, 92, 100, 109, 254, 334, 339, 342, 345
better preserved than Northern Circle, 82
computer-generated image of, 90
construction of replica, 83
> construction phases of, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 110, 125, 336, 343
D-shaped building at, 84, 106, 117, 335, 336
dry valley running from, 246
end of avenue at, 79, 93, 109, 342
finds from postholes at, 58, 81, 89, 90, 117
fire pit found at, 83
flint surface around, 93, 109, 246
Stonehenge—A New Understanding: Solving the Mysteries of the Greatest Stone Age Monument Page 44
