Weston, Charles H., Cpl, U.S. Marines. March 6, 1945, Folder 6.
Williams, George Rudd, CQM, USN. September 25, 1946, Folder 5.
Woodall, Andrew Oscar, Cpl, USA. September 7, 1946, Folder 6.
Working, Nelson Alois, Pfc, USMC. October 6, 1945, Folder 6.
ARTICLES MEMOIRS DIARIES
Beck, Mary. “Dreams Come True. $4000 Back Pay Given Liberated Sergeant.” El Paso Herald Post, April 10, 1945, 5, 14.
Bogue, Douglas W. “Survivor Tells How Japanese Murdered Yanks.” Fresno (CA) Bee, March 5, 1945, 10.
Burlage, George W. “The Palawan Massacre.” Unpublished manuscript, courtesy of Georgianne Burlage.
Coons, Hannibal. “Massacre at Palawan.” Liberty, August 18, 1945, 26–27, 83–84. Courtesy of Nita Smith Alexander.
“Dramatic Story of Local Sailor, Who Escaped Japs, Lived Two Years with Filipino Guerrillas, Finally Revealed.” St. Petersburg (FL) Times, Sunday, January 14, 1945.
“Groesbeck Soldier Escapes from Jap Prison Camp after Corregidor’s Fall.” Mexia (TX) Weekly Tribune, May 5, 1944, 4.
Henderson, Henry Clay. “The Diary of Henry Clay Henderson.” Accessed http://www.tendertale.com/ttii/ttii-2.html on June 4, 2015.
Hough, Hubert Dwight. Personal diary, correspondence, and various documents regarding Palawan.
Lieberman, Bruce. “Veteran Won’t Let Massacre Be Forgotten.” San Diego Union-Tribune, December 13, 2009.
Mango, Albert L. “Carl Louis Mango, 1907–1944.” Unpublished tribute compilation, courtesy of Al Mango.
Moore, Stephen L. “New Light on the Last Days of the USS Robalo.” Journal of the Australian Association for Maritime History, Vol. 34, No. 1, 65–79.
Ogden, Col. Bruce, USMC (Ret.). “An Extraordinary Marine.” Tribute to Major Douglas W. Bogue, accessed www.keepingapace.com/blogarchives/marines/lest_we_forget_real_heroes.php on August 15, 2015.
“Outwitted Enemy for Years after Escaping in Philippines,” Milwaukee Journal, January 14, 1945, 2.
Placido, Carlos S. Guerrilla diary, May 23, 1944–April 18, 1945. Courtesy of Douglas A. Campbell.
Poyatos, Celerino O. Statement made for war crimes trials in 1947. Record Group 331, Box 1112, Folder 2.
Ramirez, Joanne Rae M. “A Hero We Call ‘Grandpa.’” Philippine Star, April 28, 2015.
Russell, Lieutenant Commander Robert Enson. “A Kind of Personal History.” Unpublished memoirs.
Tillman, Barrett. “Two Coconuts and a Navy Cross.” Naval History Magazine, February 2010 (Vol. 24, No. 1), 34–39.
“Wedding Bells Will Ring Joyously in Unusual War Romance.” El Paso (TX) Herald-Post, April 6, 1945.
“Wife Escapes in Sub,” Mason City (IA) Globe Gazette, July 7, 1943, 8.
Wright, Sidney T. “Wartime Experiences.” Unpublished narrative, courtesy of David S. Wright.
BOOKS
Campbell, Douglas A. Eight Survived. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2010.
Cave, Dorothy. Beyond Courage: One Regiment Against Japan, 1941–1945. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 2006.
Galdorisi, George and Tom Phillips. Leave No Man Behind: The Saga of Combat Search and Rescue. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press, 2009.
Forsyth, John F. Hell Divers: U.S. Navy Dive-Bombers at War. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1991.
Gandt, Robert, and Bill White. Intrepid: The Epic Story of America’s Most Legendary Warship. New York: Broadway Books, 2009.
Henderson, Bruce. Rescue at Los Baños. New York: William Morrow, 2015.
LaForte, Robert S., Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel (editors). With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941–1945. Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 1994.
Levine, Alan J. Captivity, Flight, and Survival in World War II. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2000.
Manlavi, Diokno. Palawan’s Fighting One Thousand. Privately published, February 1976.
Michno, Gregory F. Death on the Hellships: Prisoners at Sea in the Pacific War. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Books, 2001.
Ponce de Leon, Dr. Walfrido R. The Puerto Princesa Story. Puerto Princesa, Palawan: City Government of Puerto Princesa, 2004.
Poweleit, Alvin C., M.D., Major, U.S. Army Medical Corps. (Ret.) USAFFE. The Loyal Americans and Faithful Filipinos. A Saga of Atrocities Perpetrated During the Fall of the Philippines, the Bataan Death March, and Japanese Imprisonment and Survival. Privately published, 1975.
Russell, Lord. The Knights of Bushido: A History of Japanese War Crimes During World War II. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.
San Juan, Carolina F., ed. Puerto Princesa During the Second World War: A Narrative History, 1941–1945. Puerto Princesa City, Philippines: Natural Historical Foundation, 1998.
Sides, Hampton. Ghost Soldiers: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II’s Most Dramatic Mission. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Sloan, Bill. Undefeated: America’s Heroic Fight for Bataan and Corregidor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012.
Summers, Stan. The Japanese Story. Tampa, FL: American Ex-POW, Inc. National Medical Research Commission, 1979.
Tomblin, Barbara Brooks. G.I. Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.
Villarin, Mariano. We Remember Bataan and Corregidor: The Story of the American & Filipino Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor and Their Captivity. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 1990.
Wilbanks, Bob. Last Man Out: Glenn McDole, USMC, Survivor of the Palawan Massacre in World War II. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Inc., 2004.
Wright, John M. Jr. Captured on Corregidor: Diary of an American P.O.W. in World War II. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2009.
ENDNOTES
1. THE DEATH MARCH
1Cave, Beyond Courage, 146.
2Ibid., 53. Pacheco was sworn into federal service in Luna County, New Mexico, on January 6, 1941.
3Ibid., 4–5, 14–15. The men of the 200th referred to themselves as the “Old Two Hon’erd.”
4Ibid., 28, 37.
5Wartime interview video of Alberto Pacheco, January 1945.
6Bruce Elliott biographical information from Jennifer Meixner e-mail of September 24, 2015; Bruce Elliott interview with Roger Mansell, 2001; Mansell archives. Elliott, born in Kansas, had moved with his family to Alameda, California, to escape the Dust Bowl. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1940 at age seventeen, but since December 1941, two of the apprentice yeoman’s assigned ships had been destroyed.
7Villarin, We Remember Bataan and Corregidor, 118–119; Daniel William Crowley Oral History transcription.
8Cave, Beyond Courage, 160.
9Sloan, Undefeated, 109.
10Edwin Petry was born July 15, 1920, to Edgar Avren and Helen Wallace Petry, who had been married in Temple, Texas, in 1912. They had two daughters and then son Edwin, who had been working as an attendant on a used-car lot in San Antonio when he enlisted in the Army on May 20, 1941.
Thomas Daniels, having only a fourth-grade education, signed all of his military papers as “Tommie,” and that name would remain on all of his records. Tommie’s mother, Louisa Indiana Saxon Daniels, had eight children born to several different fathers, and Tommie was thus raised without a real father figure. His mother died in 1929.
11“Interrogation of Escapees from Bataan and Corregidor,” 2.
12Philip Brodsky Oral History, UNT Collection No. 815; interviewed by George Burlage on December 11, 1989, pp. 1–2, 11–12.
13“Interrogation of Escapees from Bataan and Corregidor,” 3.
2. PRISONERS OF THE ROCK
1Ibid., 3.
2Fern Joseph Barta testimony of February 14, 1945, transcript, 1.
3“Wife Escapes in Sub,” Mason City Globe-Gazette, July 7, 1943, 8; Tomblin, Barbara Brooks. G.I. Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996, 30–31.
4Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 4.
5B
ruce Elliott interview with Roger Mansell, 2001, Mansell archives.
6Nielsen Oral History, 6.
7Fern Joseph Barta testimony of February 14, 1945, transcript, 2.
8Sloan, Undefeated, 218–219.
9Ibid., 220–221.
10Rufus W. Smith, 1983 University of Kentucky Oral History; Lukacs, Escape from Davao, 86.
11Sloan, Undefeated, 224–225.
12Ibid., 225–227.
13Videotaped memoirs of Lieutenant Commander Robert Enson Russell, USN (Ret.), Veterans Oral History Project.
14Fern Joseph Barta testimony of February 14, 1945, transcript, 2.
15Glenn McDole Oral History, 3, 19.
16Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 25.
17Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 7.
18Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 10.
19E&E (Evasion and Escape) Report No. 23, January 26, 1945. Joint statements of Douglas W. Bogue, Fern Joseph Barta, and Glen W. McDole. RG 331, Box 1111, Folder 7-1, 1.
Douglas William Bogue was born in 1918 in Omaha, Nebraska. He left his job as a railway switchman to fulfill a boyhood dream by enlisting in the U.S. Marines on February 10, 1935. Bogue arrived in Shanghai, China, on April 27, 1941, with the 4th Marines, and was moved to Olongapo in the Philippines in November. Following the Japanese attacks on December 8, he was ordered to evacuate through Bataan to Mariveles. Bogue was then transferred to Corregidor, where he celebrated his twenty-fourth birthday and seven-year anniversary in the Marines while serving on beach defense.
20“Interrogation of Escapees from Bataan and Corregidor,” 1.
21E&E Report No. 23, 4.
3. PASSAGE TO PALAWAN
1E&E Report No. 23, 4; Wright, John M. Jr. Captured on Corregidor: Diary of an American P.O.W. in World War II. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2009, 10.
2Francis Galligan, Veterans Oral History, videotaped interview.
3Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 8; McDole Oral History, 23.
4Wright, Captured on Corregidor, 10; Galligan videotaped Veterans Oral History.
5Daniel Crowley Oral History transcript; Russell, Robert Enson, “A Kind of Personal History,” 26–27.
6Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 32.
7Ibid., 33.
8Ibid., 34; Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 9.
9Daniel Crowley Oral History; Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 35.
10Francis Galligan, Veterans Oral History, videotaped interview.
11Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 36–37.
12Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 13.
13Escape and Evasion Report No. 23, 4.
14Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 39–40; E&E Report No. 23, 4.
15E&E Report No. 23, 5; Joseph Dupont Oral History, Tape 2039 transcription, 6–7.
16Sloan, Undefeated, 250.
17Joseph Dupont Oral History, 8–9.
18Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 42.
19Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 15–16.
20Rufus Smith Oral History, 7; Joseph Dupont Oral History, Tape 2039 transcription, 11.
21Robert Russell, “A Kind of Personal History,” 28.
22William J. Balchus statement of March 16, 1945, from Manila Report No. 49, RG 331, E 1214, Box 1111, Folder 6; Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 42–43; Hubert D. Hough wartime diary.
23Philip Brodsky Oral History transcription, 13, 17.
24Burlage, “The Palawan Massacre,” 22; Henry Clay Henderson diary; Bruce Elliott interview with Mansell, 2001.
25Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 43; Joseph Dupont Oral History transcription, 12.
26Russell, “A Kind of Personal History,” 28.
27Hubert D. Hough wartime diary; Elliott interview with Mansell, 2001.
28Hough diary; Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 43–44.
4. CAMP 10-A
1Philip Brodsky Oral History transcription, 13.
2Hubert D. Hough wartime diary.
3Ponce de Leon, The Puerto Princesa Story, 3.
4Ibid., 26.
5Ibid., 30, 42, 96, 84–85.
6Ibid., 99–100, 116–118.
7Russell, “A Kind of Personal History,” 29.
8Francis Galligan, Veterans Oral History, videotaped interview.
9Pitts, Corporal Bernie Byron. Affidavit of September 7, 1945. Record Group 331, Manila Report No. 49, Entry No. 1214-UD, Box 1111, Folder 6; Philip Brodsky Oral History transcription, 13.
10Elliott interview with Mansell, 2001.
11Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 48; George Burlage Oral History transcription, 57–67.
12Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 49.
13Ibid., 49–50.
14Ibid., 50–51.
15Norval Giles Smith affidavit of August 27, 1946. Record Group 331, Manila Report No. 49, Entry No. 1214-UD, Box 1111, Folder 6.
16Ballou, Billy E., Sgt, USA. Affidavit of August 19, 1946. RG 331, Manila Report No. 49, Entry No. 1214-UD, Box 1111, Folder 4.
17Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 51; Philip Brodsky Oral History transcription, 15; Fern Joseph Barta testimony of February 14, 1945, transcript, 3.
18Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 52.
19Mango, Albert L. “Carl Louis Mango, 1907–1944,” 2–4. Unpublished family tribute compilation, courtesy of Al Mango.
20Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 52.
21Rufus Smith Oral History, 7–8.
22Joseph Dupont Oral History, transcription, 14.
23Richard C. McClellan affidavit, May 8, 1945, from Manila Report No. 49, RG 331, E 1214, Box 1111, Folder 6; Francis Galligan, Veterans Oral History, videotaped interview.
24Joseph Dupont Oral History, transcription, 15–17.
25Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 54.
26Clarence Clough Memoirs.
27Bruce Elliott interview with Roger Mansell, 2001.
28Burlage, “The Palawan Massacre,” 23; Bruce Elliott Philippine Evacuee Report No. 211, August 21, 1944; Sidney T. Wright, “War Experiences” compilation, courtesy of David S. Wright. Another who contemplated escape, Chief Water Tender William Earl Fox, finally decided he was too old to try it.
29Elliott interview with Mansell; Wright, “Wartime Experiences.”
30Campbell, Eight Survived, 98, 138–139.
31Cobb, Alfred Ervin (civilian). Report of evasion from Philippine Islands, June 21, 1944, Record Group 319, Entry 85.
5. PALAWAN’S “FIGHTING ONE THOUSAND”
1Russell, “A Kind of Personal History,” 30; Burlage Oral History, 64–65.
2Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 54.
3Hubert D. Hough to Glenn McDole, January 16, 1971.
4Hubert D. Hough diary transcription, 3.
5Burlage Oral History, 64–65.
6Henry Henderson diary.
7William Andrew Kerr interview, December 12, 2005, Veterans History Project.
8Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 56.
9“Dramatic Story of Local Sailor,” St. Petersburg (FL) Times, Sunday, January 14, 1945. Joe Little had been a newspaper delivery boy and then a paint salesman for Montgomery Ward before joining the Navy in August 1940. All of his personal possessions were removed from him by Japanese soldiers at Corregidor, where he watched as a fellow sailor was killed near him just for eating a can of food. At Cabanatuan, he had witnessed the execution of four American prisoners who had attempted to escape. Little, Charlie Watkins, and his brother, Dodd Wayne Watkins, had served together in VP-102 before the fall of the Philippines.
10Little, Jopaul, AOM3c, USN. Philippine Evacuee Report No. 169, July 5, 1944.
11Ibid.
12“Outwitted Enemy for Years after Escaping in Philippines,” Milwaukee Journal, January 14, 1945, 2.
13Cobb, Alfred Ervin (civilian). Report of evasion from Philippine Islands, June 21, 1944, Record Group 319, Entry 85.
14Ponce de Leon, The Puerto Princesa Story, 153–154. Higinio Mendoza was the fift
h of six children of Agustin B. and Juana Acosta Mendoza. His beautiful wife, Trinidad, was the daughter of John Tompson Clark, who had moved to the Philippines from Pike County, Illinois, settled in Puerto Princesa, married local girl Miraflores Palanca, and was blessed with nine children. Higinio and “Triny” Mendoza became parents of four children: John, Higinio Jr., David, and Julie Mendoza.
15Ibid., 117–121; Manlavi, Palawan’s Fighting One Thousand, 1.
16Ponce de Leon, The Puerto Princesa Story, 115–117, 127; “Interrogation of Escapees from Bataan and Corregidor,” 9. The Mendoza company started with twenty-two members but grew in time to number 299 men, armed with only fifty firearms of various calibers.
17United States vs. the Moros Ipil, et al., August 21, 1914, Supreme Court, Republic of the Philippines, Manila. Courtesy of Mary Ann Ancheta.
18Thomas F. Loudon to sister Nell, August 10, 1913. Although the mob was brought to justice, Loudon was left a broken man. He moved away from Balabac, first to resume his lumber business on Bakalon Island, another island off the coast of Palawan. His murdered daughter, Nellie, was one day short of being fourteen months old.
19Manlavi, Palawan’s Fighting One Thousand, 15. Mayor was originally under the command of Major Guillermo Maramba and served a former PC soldier, First Sergeant Emilio Tumbaga.
6. “WE GOT THE THIRD AND FOURTH DEGREE”
1Hubert Hough diary transcription, 3.
2Ibid., 4.
3Ibid., 57.
4Wilbanks, Last Man Out, 7–9, 17–19.
5Russell, “A Kind of Personal History,” 33.
6Ernest J. Koblos to John Koblos, March 31, 1940, and March 28, 1941. Courtesy of Jack and Felice Koblos.
7Ernest John Koblos affidavit, May 11, 1945, from Manila Report No. 49, RG 331, E 1214, Box 1111, Folder 6.
8Eugene Nielsen Oral History, UNT No. 802 transcription, 17–18.
9Ibid., 19–20.
10Richard C. McClelland affidavit of May 8, 1945. Record Group 331, Manila Report No. 49, Entry No. 1214-UD, Box 1111, Folder 6; Hubert D. Hough diary transcription, 4.
11Skripsky, Gerald L., Cpl, USMC. Affidavit of September 11, 1946. RG 331, Manila Report No. 49, Entry No. 1214-UD, Box 1111, Folder 5.
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