133. Ibid., 192.
134. Full transcript of Kissinger’s remarks reprinted in New York Times, January 25, 1973.
135. As quoted in Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 453.
136. Haldeman Diaries, January 27, 1973, 573.
137. Richard Nixon, “Address to the Nation Announcing the Conclusion of an Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam,” January 23, 1973,” at www. Presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3808.
INDEX
Abrams, Creighton, 28–30
in decision to bomb Cambodia, 36
Easter Offensive response of, 170–173, 178
in Laos invasion, 138–142
in 1970 Cambodia military offensive, 112–113
Nixon’s and Kissinger’s finger-pointing at, 145–146
in Pruning Knife, 71
Acheson, Dean, 123
action, Kissinger as man of, 43–45
Administration of National Concord (ANC), 216–220
Albert, Carl, 143
Alsop, Joe, 188
ANC. See Administration of National Concord
Anderson, Jack, 162–163
antiwar movement
against bombing of North Vietnam, 174
against Cambodian invasion, 116–120
against Laos invasion, 149
May 1970 march on White House by, 117
military escalation interactions with, 72–74, 78, 120, 146–147, 149
against 1972 December military escalations, 183, 187
peace negotiation effects of, 204
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
Easter Offensive response of, 169–180, 186–187
Kissinger’s frustration with, 88
Laos attack by, 136–145
pacification programs of, 18–19, 82, 110
territory controlled in early 1970, 82
Aubrac, Raymond, 57–58
B-52 strikes
Christmas 1972, 234–238
North Vietnam, 174–177
secret Cambodia, 36–42, 116
back channels
to DRV, 57–70
Kissinger’s and Nixon’s use of, 47–49
a secret peace talks
Base Area 352, in 1970 military offensive on, 113–114
Base Area 353
in 1970 military offensive on, 113–114
secret bombing of, 36
Bass, Gary, 162
Bernstein, Carl, 189
Big Minh. See Duong Van Minh
Binh. See Nguyen Thi Binh
Bo. See Mai Van Bo
bombings
Christmas 1972, 234–238
Linebacker, 182, 184–189
North Vietnam, 174–177, 179–186, 234–238
Operation Linebacker II, 234–238
Operation Menu, 38–39, 116
Operation Rolling Thunder, 3
secret Cambodia, 36–42, 116
BREAKFAST bombings, 36–42
Brezhnev, Leonid
Kissinger’s 1972 meeting with, 175–179
Nixon’s 1972 meeting with, 184
Bruce, David, 122–125
Buckley, William F., 175
budget cuts, Congress threats of, 32, 85, 118, 136, 187
Bui Diem, 3–4, 223
in Laos invasion, 140–141
Bundy, McGeorge, 12, 220
challenges to Kissinger’s memoirs, 93–94
Bundy, William, 10, 18
Bunker, Ellsworth, 201, 207–208
bureaucracy, Kissinger’s and Nixon’s desire to overturn, 7–10
Cambodia
Kissinger’s desire for military operations inside, 34
map of, xviii (fig.)
1969 decision to bomb, 34–36
1970 military offensive in, 109–120
secret bombings of, 36–42, 116
Case, Clifford, 187
cease-fire
DRV violations of, 241
in finalized peace agreement, 216, 220, 229, 239, 241
Kissinger’s 1970 decision on, 121–124
1970 September meeting on, 124–132
in 1972 peace talks, 190–199, 202–203
Nixon’s 1969 rejection of, 121–122
Nixon’s 1970 April speech proposing, 109–111
Nixon’s 1970 October speech on, 133–136
press response to, 133–134
Rogers’s 1969 October efforts to negotiate, 79–80
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 6, 15, 18, 185, 223
Central Office South Vietnam (COSVN), 36, 39, 113
Chennault, Anna, 3–4
Chennault, Claire, 4
chief executive. See Nixon, Richard
chief of staff, White House. See Haldeman, H. R.
China
Dong’s 1970 meeting with, 130–131
map of, xviii (fig.)
1971 diplomatic breakthroughs with, 151
Nixon’s 1972 visit to, 168
reframing Vietnam problem to include, 17–18
Soviet Union rift with, 53–54
Choisy-le-Roi meetings
Kissinger’s description of, 91
1970 April, 107–109
1970 February, 91, 93, 95–100
1970 March, 100–107
1970 September, 124–132
1971, 148–159
Nixon’s 1972 exposure of, 164–168
Christmas bombings, 234–238
Church, Frank, 118, 187
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
Coa Van Vien, 140
coercive diplomacy, Kissinger’s use of, 47, 66–67, 83–85, 104, 120, 244
Colby, William, 18
Colson, Charles, 129, 226
Committee of National Reconciliation, 196
Congress
Cooper-Church Amendment passed by, 118–120, 141, 146
defense budget cuts by, 32, 85, 118, 136, 187
Laird’s knowledge of, 9
Mansfield Amendment passed by, 157
Nixon’s first major foreign policy report to, 89
opposition control of, 85
opposition to Linebacker bombings, 187–189
reaction to Christmas bombings, 234–238
reaction to Nixon’s 1972 January speech, 167
response to 1970 Cambodia invasion, 118–120
September 1969 resolution for troop withdrawal, 72
consequential diplomacy, 2
Cooper, John Sherman, 118
Cooper-Church Amendment, 118–120, 141, 146
COSVN. See Central Office South Vietnam
Daily Mirror, Christmas bombing criticisms in, 237
Dallek, Robert, 7, 15
defense budget, Congress cuts to, 32, 85, 118, 136, 187
Defense Department
inclusion in The Senior Review Group, 68
Kissinger’s shutting out of, 65, 67, 76, 114, 139–140, 144, 201, 244
See also Laird, Melvin
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
DRV 1969 February attacks on, 34–35
DRV 1972 March attacks on, 169
in finalized peace agreement, 230–233, 239
democracy, Kissinger’s views on, 92
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, North Vietnam)
Easter Offensive of, 168–179
Johnson’s call to cease bombing of, 2
Kissinger’s back channel to, 57–70
Kissinger’s desire for military strikes on, 33–34
Kissinger’s false claims about, 93, 97–100, 107–108, 128, 153, 194–195
map of, xviii (fig.)
1969 February attacks on DMZ by, 34–35
1969 March willingness to resume peace talks, 40–42
1970 willingness to negotiate, 86–88
1972 bombing of, 174–177, 179–186, 234–238
1972 December military escalation in, 231–238
1972 port mining of, 183–186
peace agreement negotiated with. See peace agreement
peace talks
with. See peace talks
rejection of 1970 cease-fire by, 125, 132
rejection of Nixon’s 1969 peace proposals by, 51–52
response to Nixon’s 1970 October speech, 135–136
Soviet support of, 55–57, 182–184
troop withdrawal negotiations with. See troop withdrawal
Deng Xiaoping, 54
Diem. See Bui Diem; Ngo Dinh Diem
DMZ. See Demilitarized Zone
Dobrynin, Anatoly
explanation of 1972 Soviet threat, 184
Kissinger’s meetings with, 45–46, 49–51, 53, 55–56
Kissinger’s orchestrated call with, 71–72
Nixon’s 1969 November meeting with, 80–81
Roger’s 1969 meeting with, 48
domestic politics
military escalation interactions with, 72–74, 78, 120, 146–147, 149, 175, 237–238
negotiations affected by, 30–32, 41–42, 85–86, 204
See also Congress
Dong. See Pham Van Dong
DRV. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Duan. See Le Duan
Duck Hook, 70–78, 112
Dunn, John “Mike,” 15–16
Duong Van Minh, 154–155
Eagleburger, Lawrence, 10
Easter Offensive of 1972, 168–175
Kissinger’s meeting with Brezhnev during, 175–179
Kissinger’s Paris peace talks during, 179–187
Ehrlichman, John, 76
Eighth Plenum of the Vietnamese Communist Party, 86
Eisenhower, Dwight, 123
Ellsberg, Daniel
Pentagon Papers leaked by, 157–158
Vietnam contingency options analysis by, 26–27
Ending the Vietnam War (Kissinger), 40, 93
evil, Kissinger’s views on, 92–93
Fairbank, John King, 17–18
Fallaci, Oriana, 43
Ferguson, Niall, 14, 21, 45
fighting while talking, 157
finger-pointing, Nixon’s and Kissinger’s, 145–146
Fisher, Roger, 11–12
Fishhook, 1970 military offensive in, 113–116
Fonda, Henry, 43
Fonda, Jane, 192
Foreign Affairs, Kissinger’s 1969 article in, 21–26
foreign policy, Kissinger’s and Nixon’s shared views on, 1–2, 5–6, 10–11, 41, 46–47
Fulbright, J. William, 167
funding cuts, Congress threats of, 32, 85, 118, 136, 187
Germany, Kissinger’s childhood experiences in, 92–93
Giap. See Vo Nguyen Giap
GNC. See Provisional Government of National Concord
Goldwater, Barry, 13–14
Goodell, Charles, 72
Goodpaster, Andrew, 28
Grandin, Greg, 39
Gromyko, Andrei, 57
Guardian, Christmas bombing criticisms in, 238
guerrilla warfare, Kissinger’s views on, 22
GVN. See Republic of Vietnam
Haig, Alexander, 36
Abrams replacement by, 145–146
in Laos invasion, 138–139, 142
1972 December meetings with Thieu, 236–237
1972 October meetings with Thieu, 211–214
in 1972 September peace talks, 206
1973 January meetings with Thieu, 240
in peace agreement finalization, 217, 221, 225, 228, 231–233
Haiphong, 1972 mining of, 183–186
Haldeman, H. R.
on Henry-Handling Committee, 76
on Kissinger’s and Nixon’s secrecy, 103
in Kissinger’s exclusion of Rogers, 48–49
Kissinger’s 1972 New Year’s Day call to, 160–163
on Kissinger’s reaction to Mansfield Amendment, 157
on Nixon’s anger over Kissinger’s failure to recognize his character, 242
Nixon’s confiding in about Kissinger’s bluffing, 130
on Nixon’s depressed moods, 89–90
Hanoi. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Harriman, Averell, 53
Harvard
Kissinger’s Defense Policy Seminar at, 11–12
Kissinger’s 1965 meeting on Vietnam negotiations at, 16–18
Hatfield, Mark, 118
Hatfield-McGovern Amendment, 118–119
Henry-Handling Committee, 76
Herring, George, 10
Hersh, Seymour, 2–3, 38
history, Kissinger’s views on, 44–45
Ho Chi Minh, Nixon’s letter to, 57–62
Hoang Xuan Lam, 142, 170
Hoffmann, Stanley, 93–95
Hongqi (Red Flag), 55
honor, peace with. See peace with honor
Humphrey, Hubert H., 1, 3
Huntington, Samuel, 17
In the Jaws of History (Diem), 3
Indochina area, map of, xviii (fig.)
Isaacson, Walter, 102, 116–117
Jackson State, protestors killed at, 117
Javits, Jacob, 72
JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff
Johnson, Lyndon
Kissinger’s critiques on Vietnam policy of, 13–14, 18, 20–23
1968 October peace talks of, 2–5
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
in Easter Offensive response, 171–173
inclusion in The Senior Review Group, 68
Johnson’s ignoring of, 6
Nixon’s anger with, 182
Nixon’s December 1972 warning to, 235
Nixon’s desire to mend fences with, 9
orders to Radford to gather information, 163
in Pruning Knife, 71
recommendations in 1969 January NSC session, 27
See also Moorer, Thomas; Wheeler, Earle
Kant, Immanuel, 44
Kennan, George F., 44
Kennedy, John F., 13, 123
Kennedy, Ted, 237
Kent State University, protestors killed at, 117
Khan, Yahya, 161–162
Khiem. See Thieu-Ky-Khiem
Khrushchev, Nikita, 53–54
Kiel, Fred, 26
Kimball, Jeffrey, 101
Kissinger, Henry
ARVN frustrations of, 88
Brezhnev meeting of, 175–179
bureaucracy dislikes of, 7–10
coercive diplomacy of, 47, 66–67, 83–85, 104, 120, 244
on Congress as enemy in Vietnam, 188
decent interval of, 150
in decision to bomb Cambodia, 34–36
on democracy, 92
desire to act alone, 43–49, 66, 201, 244
Dobrynin meetings with, 45–46, 49–51, 53, 55–56
Duck Hook planning by, 70–78, 112
early influences shaping Vietnam policy of, 11–21
Easter Offensive response of, 168–175
Ending the Vietnam War, 40, 93
on evil, 92–93
false claims made by, 93, 97–100, 107–108, 128, 153, 194–195
finger-pointing by, 145–148
Foreign Affairs article of, 21–26
frustrations felt by, 75–76
on guerrilla warfare, 22
on history, 44–45
Johnson administration critiques made by, 13–14, 18, 20–23
Laird shutting out by, 65, 67, 76, 114, 139–140, 144, 201, 244
Laird’s troop withdrawal confrontation with, 28–33
Laos invasion by, 136–145
linkages used by, 45–57
as lone cowboy that takes action, 43–44
Mansfield Amendment response of, 157
Mao’s criticism of, 131
memoirs of, 93–95
military escalations championed by, 33–34, 41–42, 70–77, 85, 109, 137–138, 182, 233–235, 244
misrepresentation by, 91–95
Nazi Germany experiences shaping, 92–93
as new national security adviser, 7–10
in 1965 negotiations meeting with Harvard colleague
s, 16–18
1968 October peace talks of, 2–5
1969 peace talks of, 57–70
1969 Vietnam policy of, 80–81
1970 April peace talks of, 107–109
in 1970 Cambodia military offensive, 109–120
1970 March peace talks of, 100–107
1970 September peace talks of, 124–132
1971 peace talks of, 148–159
1972 anxiety over Nixon, 160–161
1972 China visit of, 168
in 1972 December military escalation in North Vietnam, 231–238
1972 December peace talks of, 229–233
1972 May peace talks of, 179–187
1972 November peace talks of, 227–229
in 1972 October meeting with Thieu, 221–231
1972 October peace talks of, 214–221
1972 October press conference of, 225–226
1972 September peace talks of, 200–212
1972 summer peace talks of, 189–199
1973 January peace talks of, 239–241
Nixon comments made by, 2
Nixon’s doubts about, 88–89, 129–130, 157, 161–164, 195
Nixon’s emotional state worries of, 90, 129
in Nixon’s 1968 presidential campaign, 2–5
on Nixon’s 1970 October standstill cease-fire speech, 134
as “Nixon’s Secret Agent,” 164–167
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 91, 242
Pakistan war response of, 161–163
peace agreement announcement by, 220–221, 240–241
peace agreement finalization by, 209–221, 227–233, 239–241
peace talks of. See peace talks
in Pierre Hotel meeting with Nixon, 1–2, 6–7
on reality, 44–45
resignation threats of, 76
revisionism by, 91–95
Rogers shutting out by, 47–49, 65, 67, 76, 139, 201, 244
secrecy love of, 8, 10, 47, 102–103
secret back-channel of, 57–70
secret Cambodia bombings by, 36–42, 116
secretary of state appointment of, 68
Soviet cooperation plan of, 45–57
strategy for ending Vietnam War on acceptable terms, 21–36
victory declarations of, 241–244
White House Years, 5, 94
on world role of US, 44–45, 92
Kosygin, Alexei, 55–56
Kraemer, Sven, 207–208
Kraft, Joe, 75
Ky. See Nguyen Cao Ky
Laird, Melvin, 9
Easter Offensive response of, 169–174, 179–180
Kissinger’s memos against, 79–80
Kissinger’s shutting out of, 65, 67, 76, 114, 139–140, 144, 201, 244
Kissinger’s troop withdrawal confrontation with, 28–33
in Laos invasion, 139–144
military escalation opposed by, 34, 74, 76
in 1970 Cambodia military offensive, 113–116
in 1972 North Vietnam bombing, 182
1972 testimony before Congress, 187–188
Reckless: Henry Kissinger and the Tragedy of Vietnam Page 32
