Rabobank team, 80, 83, 213
RadioShack team, 235–36, 243, 244, 258, 297
Rasmussen, Michael, 213, 227
Rast, Becky, 117
Reed, Matty, 272
Reilly, Rick, 287
Reiss, Nate, 53
Renault, 26
Ressiot, Damien, 196, 203
Riccitello, Jimmy, 274
Richardson Bike Mart, 40, 41–42, 43, 48
Ride for the Roses, 90, 99, 100
Rihs, Andy, 211, 215
Riis, Bjarne, 118–19
Ring, Bill, 77
Ritter, Bill, 303, 305
Rock Racing, 254–55, 265
Roll, Bob, 98
Rolling Stone magazine, 32
Rosenblatt, Richard, 223
Rove, Karl, 259–260, 278
Rubiera, José Luis “Chechu,” 9, 11, 158, 245, 249
Rubio, Michael J., 288
Runner’s World, 276, 297–98
Russian racers, 31, 32
Ruta del Sol, 95, 97
Santa Rosa Downtown Criterium, 77–78
Sastre, Carlos, 213
Saturday Night Live, 205
Sawyer, Peter, 89
SCA Promotions, 194, 204, 205–9, 261–62, 299–300, 302
Schiller, Harvey, 131
Schwinn, 29, 30
The Science of Lance Armstrong (2005), 207
Scott, Dave, 276
Scott, Paul, 263
Sensenbrenner, Jim, 285
Setmana Catalana, 93
Settimana Bergamasca, 52–53, 56–57
Shiels, Lisa, 83–84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 96
Shimano, 177–78, 179, 185
Showergate, 232
Silverstein, Rich, 131–32
Simeoni, Filippo, 145, 190–91
Simpson, Tommy, 137
60 Minutes, 267
Slusher, John, 296
Smith, Loren, 80
soigneurs, 66, 100–101, 120, 165, 170
Sonnenberg, Gail, 127–28
Soviet Union, 26
Spain, home in, 148–49
Sparks, Sam, 285, 286
sponsors. See endorsements and sponsorships
Sporting Kansas City, 301
Sports Illustrated, 163, 194, 276, 298
Stapleton, Bill: as Armstrong’s agent, 70; and Armstrong’s celebrity, 124–25; and Armstrong’s downfall, 296, 298–99; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 312; and Armstrong’s post-cancer career tract, 89, 98; and Armstrong’s public image, 125–26; and Armstrong’s sponsorship deals, 266, 269, 270; background, 70; bonuses negotiated by, 75; and doping, 183–84, 230; and investment/business ventures, 222; and Korioth, 151; and Landis, 192, 218, 246–48; in Las Vegas, 166; and LeMond/Armstrong rift, 144–45; and release of investigation materials, 294; and Tailwind Sports, 181; and Tour de France (1999), 115, 123; and Tour de France (2004), 177–78; and USADA investigation, 277, 294; and US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), 208; and US Postal team, 93–94; and Walsh, 182, 187; and Whisnant, 148; and whistleblower lawsuit, 263
Startt, James, 117
Stericycle, 252
steroids, 86, 119–120, 207, 310
Stiller, Ben, 301
strippers incident, 153
Subaru-Montgomery team, 50, 52–53, 78
subpoenas, 259, 261
Suh, Maurice, 240, 241, 242
The Sunday Times, 143–44, 182, 186, 209, 300
Superfrog Triathlon, 289–290
surveillance of team, 16
Swart, Steve, 59, 170–71, 182
Swerdlow, Anthony, 88
Swim Bike Run with Lance & Friends, 276
Szurkowski, Ryszard, 22
Tailwind Sports, 130–32, 181, 194, 209, 317
Taylor, George, 29
Team Astana, 226–27, 228–29, 230, 233–36, 242
Team Cofidis, 82, 89, 93, 99
Team Motorola: and Armstrong, 66, 68, 70; Clásica San Sebastiàn, 72; and doping, 62, 63, 69–70, 71, 72, 74; Flèche Wallonne, 74, 75; Liège–Bastogne–Liège, 67, 74, 75; and Merckx, 72; Milan–San Remo, 67, 69; and Olympics (1996), 70–71, 75; Paris–Nice, 69; sponsorship of, 54–56, 65, 68, 73, 81, 82; and Swart, 170; team doctors, 60, 69–70, 73 (see also Ferrari, Michele); Thrift Drug Triple Crown, 58–60; Tour de France (1993), 60, 62–63, 65; Tour de France (1995), 71–72; Tour de France (1996), 75; Tour DuPont, 67, 70, 74, 75; Tour of Lombardy, 56; Tour of Switzerland, 75; training in Europe, 60–61; World Championships (1993), 63–65
Team 7-Eleven, 29, 30, 32, 54, 55, 76
Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act, 24
Telekom team, 80
Testa, Massimo, 60, 69–70, 71
testosterone: and Armstrong’s hospital room confession, 86, 207; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 310; effects of, 63; and Ferrari, 145; and Landis, 159–161, 215, 217, 249; and USADA investigation, 292, 293; and Zabriskie, 200
Thompson, Jere, 29
Thompson, John, 29
Thrift Drug Triple Crown, 58–60
Tillotson, Jeff, 205, 206, 210, 299, 302
Times (London), 120, 308–9
Tirreno–Adriatico, 157
Tour de France: 1993 Tour, 60, 62–63, 65; 1995 Tour, 71–72; 1996 Tour, 75; 1997 Tour, 93; 1998 Tour, 94, 100–102, 107; 1999 Tour, 109–10, 115–121, 122–24, 203, 209–10, 277; 2000 Tour, 136–38; 2001 Tour, 140, 141–43; 2002 Tour, 58–60, 157, 159–163; 2003 Tour, 168, 169–170, 171–74; 2004 Tour, 7–12, 15–17, 177, 184, 186, 188–192; 2005 Tour, 197, 199–202; 2006 Tour, 210–15; 2009 Tour, 234–35; 2010 Tour, 264; and American viewers, 81; Armstrong’s ambitions for, 67–68, 108–9; Armstrong’s attempted buyout, 225; and Armstrong’s fall, 298; and Armstrong’s return to pro cycling, 233–34; Armstrong stripped of Tour titles, 287–88; ban of Armstrong considered, 233; Bruyneel on, 108; and contracts for cyclists, 82–83; and doping, 101–2, 210; and drug testing, 134; jerseys of, 84; and Southland Corporation, 54–55; and Weisel, 36; wild card entries, 81
Tour de Georgia, 184, 198
Tour de Romandie, 92
Tour de Suisse, 141, 142, 161, 287
Tour Down Under, 228, 231, 233
Tour DuPont, 58–59, 67, 70, 74, 75
Tour of Belgium, 169
Tour of California, 238, 243, 244, 245–46, 256, 258–59
Tour of China, 80–81
Tour of Lombardy, 56
Tour of Switzerland, 75
Trek: and Armstrong’s fall, 316; Armstrong’s relationship with, 308; and Armstrong’s return to cycling, 228; and LeMond, 195, 225; and LeMond/Armstrong rift, 144–45; and Mellow Johnny’s bike shop, 224; revenues of, 128, 299; and Superfrog Triathlon, 289; and Tour de France (2004), 177–78
triathlon competitions of Armstrong: after ban, 289–290; after retiring from cycling, 268, 272–74, 280; and negotiations on Armstrong’s ban, 303–5; of youth, 37–38, 40–41, 42–46, 47, 49
Triple Crown, 58–60, 162
Twitter, 293, 303
Tygart, Travis: affidavit from, 207–8; and Armstrong’s fall, 320; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 312–13, 314; and attacks by Armstrong, 291; background, 16; and civil actions against Armstrong, 300; and the Landis case, 240, 243; and Landis’s allegations, 13, 16–17, 246–48, 250, 253, 258; and negotiations on Armstrong’s ban, 304–7; and ongoing litigation, 317; and USADA investigation, 5, 271, 277–79, 282–83, 284, 286
Ullrich, Jan: and doping, 170, 212; and Tour de France (1999), 115; and Tour de France (2000), 137–38; and Tour de France (2001), 142–43; and Tour de France (2003), 172, 173, 174; and Tour de France (2004), 8, 10, 11, 177, 189, 190, 191; and Tour de France (2005), 202
Ulman, Doug, 147, 316, 319
Ultimate Kona Ironman Experience with Lance Armstrong, 276, 280
Ungerleider, Steven, 305, 306
USA Cycling: co-opted by Armstrong, 315; dependence of, on development foundation, 133; and Gorski, 77–79; and Johnson, 239; and Landis’s allegations, 245, 246, 248–250, 257; licensing of participants by, 42; and whistleblower lawsuit, 275
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sp; USA Cycling Development Foundation, 133, 239
US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA): affidavit from, 208; and Armstrong’s downfall, 298–300, 306–7, 309; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 311–12; and BALCO investigation, 252–53; case against Armstrong, 277–286, 295–96; and Hamilton, 194, 271, 283, 291–92; Landis’ appeal of decision, 237–242; and Landis’s allegations, 13, 246–47, 248, 249–250; and negotiations on Armstrong’s ban, 302–7; and public support for Armstrong, 286–88; and random drug testing, 150; release of investigation materials, 290–93, 315–16; review board, 286; statute window for cases, 271; on Verbruggen’s conflict of interest, 134; and whistleblower lawsuit, 275
USA Pro Challenge, 303–4
USA Today, 144–45, 203
USA Triathlon, 281, 282, 289
US Cycling Federation, 24, 30, 32, 47
US Department of Justice, 263, 275, 302–3, 307
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 250, 253
US national team: and blood transfusions, 30–31; Borysewicz’s coaching of, 24–25; Carmichael’s coaching of, 52; Olympics (1980), 25–26; Olympics (1984), 26–27; Olympics (1992), 52; Settimana Bergamasca, 52–53
US Olympic Committee, 24, 26–27, 32
US Postal Service: advertising of, 125; brand of, 79–81, 128; and doping, 104; and media exposure, 298–99; and salary of Armstrong, 2; sponsorship of, 2, 102–3, 124, 127–28, 130, 197; and team composition, 83; Tour de France (1998), 102–3; and whistleblower lawsuit, 4, 263, 275, 317
US Postal team: Amstel Gold, 110, 111–12; Armstrong’s contract with, 94, 97, 106; and Armstrong’s downfall, 299, 306; blood transfusions, 13–17, 152; coaching staff, 91–92, 97 (see also Bruyneel, Johan; Weltz, Johnny); and criminal cases, 265; domestiques of, 152, 156; and doping, 92–93, 94–95, 100–101, 103, 110, 113–120, 136, 139–141, 152, 153–54, 159–161, 163, 169–170, 189, 192–94, 217; equipment of, 15, 177–79, 185–86; and federal criminal investigation, 258, 268–270; finances of, 130–31, 133, 135; and F-One project, 177–79; investors in, 130–34; and Landis’s allegations, 245, 249; mechanic of, 15, 140–41; and negotiations on Armstrong’s ban, 306–7; Olympics (2000), 138–39; owner of (see Weisel, Thom); Paris–Nice, 93, 97; Ruta del Sol, 95, 97; Setmana Catalana, 93; soigneurs of, 100–101, 141, 170; sponsorship of, 2, 79–80, 102–3, 124, 127–28, 130, 197 (see also specific sponsors, including Nike); team doctors of, 92–93, 113–14, 139, 141, 189 (see also Celaya, Pedro; del Moral, Luis Garcia; Ferrari, Michele); Tour de France (1997), 93; Tour de France (1998), 94, 100, 102; Tour de France (1999), 109–10, 115–121, 122–24, 203, 209–10; Tour de France (2000), 136–38; Tour de France (2001), 140, 141–43; Tour de France (2002), 157, 159–163; Tour de France (2003), 168, 169–170, 171–74; Tour de France (2004), 7–12, 13–17, 177, 184, 186, 188–192; Tour de Romandie, 92; Tour of China, 80–81; and USADA investigation, 277, 279; Vuelta a España, 105–6; and whistleblower lawsuit, 4, 263, 275, 302; and Zabriskie, 200. See also specific members
USPRO National Championships, 59–60, 81
Vande Velde, Christian, 123, 259, 291–92
Vaughters, Jonathan: and Actovegin scandal, 140; and Armstrong, 100; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 313, 314; on Armstrong’s use of EPO, 105, 216; and Celaya, 113; and doping, 216; and federal criminal investigation, 259, 267; and Landis, 216, 243–44, 246–47; and USADA investigation, 292
Vecsey, George, 176, 188
VeloNews, 263
Verbruggen, Hein: on Actovegin, 139–140; and Armstrong’s accusations, 187; and bribery allegations, 249, 296; and EPO testing results, 142, 249; as head of UCI, 133; and Landis, 161; and UCI Pro Tour, 224; and Weisel, 134, 209
Vinokourov, Alexander, 173–74, 226–27
VO2 max testing, 46, 98, 155–56, 180, 181
Voeckler, Thomas, 8, 9–10, 11
Voet, Willy, 101
Voigt, Jens, 201
Vrijman, Emile, 209, 209–10
Vuelta a Castilla y León, 233
Vuelta a España, 105–6, 193, 227
Walker, Sam, 308
Walling, John, 57
The Wall Street Journal, 3, 4, 256, 258, 263, 268
Walsh, David: and Armstrong’s hospital room confession, 146, 261–62; Armstrong’s stress regarding, 172, 174; attempts to undermine, 187–88; and Betsy Andreu, 181–83, 188; Ferrari-related inquires of, 143–44; and Frankie Andreu, 171–72, 181, 182–83, 187–88; L.A. Confidentiel, 186, 187, 188, 209; litigation against, 186, 300; and McIlvain, 204; and podium address of Armstrong, 202; sources of, 170–71; and steroid cover up story, 120
Ward, Michael, 91
Washington Post, 164, 287
Watson, Graham, 287
Weisel, Thom: and Armstrong, 53, 82, 93; and Armstrong’s Oprah interview, 312; and attempted Tour buyout, 225; background, 33–34; banks of, 106, 129; and Borysewicz, 33–36; and coaching staff, 91–92; on doping, 103; and Girona location, 149; and Gorski, 35, 78–80, 93–94; influence and power of, 133–34, 135; and International Cycling Union (UCI), 133, 134; and investors, 130–34; and Landis, 218, 238, 245; and LeMond, 103–4, 134; and money wired to UCI, 141; retirement from bike team ownership, 226; and Settimana Bergamasca, 56–57; and Tailwind Sports, 130–32, 181; and team finances, 129–130; teams of (see Montgomery Securities team; Subaru-Montgomery team); and Tour de France (1998), 102–3; and Tour de France (1999), 119, 121, 122–23; and Tour de France (2000), 138; Tour de France ambitions of, 35–36; and USA Cycling, 239; and USADA investigation, 282; and Verbruggen, 134, 209; volatility of, 50–51; and whistleblower lawsuit, 263, 275–76, 317
Weiser, Stanley, 126
Wellington, Chrissie, 276, 312
Weltz, Johnny, 97–98, 107, 149
Wheels in Motion, 48
Whisnant, Steve, 146–48
whistleblower lawsuit, 4, 263, 275, 302–6, 309, 313–14, 317–18
Wilk, Adam, 308, 309, 313, 317–18
Willerton, Paul, 50–51, 288–89, 295–96
Williams, David “Tiger”: background, 131, 132; and Landis, 192, 193, 218, 238, 242, 244–45, 313
Williams, Mark, 258, 259, 265, 270
Williams, Robin, 301
Winfrey, Oprah, 309–13, 316–18
wire fraud, 265
witness intimidation, 268
Woodman, Jim, 43, 44–45, 86–87
Woods, Ward W., Jr., 131
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 231, 237, 283, 289, 305, 312
World Anti-Doping Code, 304
World Championships of 1993, 63–65
World Triathlon Corporation, 273, 281, 282
You, Me and Dupree (2006), 220–21
Young, Sheila, 28, 32
Zabriskie, David: and Armstrong, 197; background, 199; and doping, 199–201; and federal criminal investigation, 259, 271; as Landis’s roommate, 157; and strippers, 153; and USADA
investigation, 291; and Williams, 132
Zintchenko, Andrei, 106
Z Team, 56, 140
Zülle, Alex, 115
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Epigraph
CONTENTS
CAST OF CHARACTERS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE: TRUE BLUE
CHAPTER TWO: A NEW BEGINNING FOR AMERICAN CYCLING
CHAPTER THREE: A RAGE TO WIN
CHAPTER FOUR: THE FIRST MILLION
CHAPTER FIVE: TEAMWORK
CHAPTER SIX: SIT-INS AND SADDLE SORES
CHAPTER SEVEN: LANCE ARMSTRONG INCORPORATED
CHAPTER EIGHT: HEMATOCRITS AND HYPOCRITES
CHAPTER NINE: DOMESTIC DISCORD AND THE DOMESTIQUE
CHAPTER TEN: A NEW GEAR
CHAPTER ELEVEN: ADIEU AND FUCK YOU
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE COMEBACK (AGAIN)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: BETRAYALS
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: THE CHASE
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: SCORCHED EARTH
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: NOT A SNITCH
EPILOGUE
> PHOTOGRAPHS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
NOTES AND SOURCES
INDEX
Wheelmen: Lance Armstrong, the Tour De France, and the Greatest Sports Conspiracy Ever Page 44
