by Chris DeRose
27 Robert Allen Rutland, James Madison: The Founding Father (Columbia: University of Missouri Press 1997), 46.
28 Ibid.
29 Mark S. Scarberry, “John Leland and James Madison: Religious Influence on the Ratification of the Constitution and on the Proposal of the Bill of Rights,” Penn State Law Review 113, no. 3 (2008–2009).
CHAPTER 14
1 Excerpt of George Lee Turberville to James Madison, 12 December, in First Federal Elections, 327.
2 Ibid., 331
3 One theory is that Madison had already met with Leland while seeking a place as a convention delegate for Orange, and that the latter had been instrumental to his election.
4 First Federal Elections, 329.
5 Electoral College results appear in Ibid., 308.
6 James Barnett Taylor, Virginia Baptist Ministers (New York: Sheldon & Company, 1860).
7 Robert Semple, Baptists of Virginia, 180.
8 Letter of George Eve, in First Federal Elections, 331–33.
9 Letter of Thomas Mann Randolph, Ibid., 338–40.
10 Ibid., 342.
11 Gaillard Hunt, The Life of James Madison, 165.
12 Ibid.
13 Remarks by Monroe before the Virginia Ratification Convention, in Jensen, ed., The Documentary History of the Rati fication of the Constitution , vol. 8.
14 Ibid.
15 Letter of George Thompson, First Federal Elections, 341.
16 Ketcham, 277.
17 Gaillard Hunt, The Life of James Madison, 165.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
CHAPTER 15
1 First Federal Elections, 341.
2 The American Lawyer 2:524.
3 George Cary Eggleston, Westover of Wanalah (Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1910), 254.
4 John Fiske, Civil Government in the United States (Boston, New York, and Chicago: Houghton Mifflin, 1890).
5 Eggleston, Westover of Wanalah, 254.
6 Ibid.
7 Francis Taylor Diary, Virginia Historical Society.
8 Ketcham, 183.
9 First Federal Elections, 344.
10 Papers of James Monroe 2:461.
11 Ibid.
12 Burnet, 726.
13 Ibid.
CHAPTER 16
1 Rives 2:612.
2 Today, the Speaker of the House leads his party. But in the First Congress the Speaker, while prestigious and certainly important, was not necessarily the party leader. And the powers of the Speaker’s office were also less than the powers of the Speaker today. Duties of the Speaker of the House in the first Congress—Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania—included calling the House to order, presiding over the debates, preserving order and decorum, and conducting votes. The Speaker could choose assignments for committees only of three or less; otherwise, they were decided by a vote of the full House. (The Documentary History of the First Federal Congress 3:11.) Muhlenberg was a respected and powerful member, but Madison was the real leader of the House.
3 First Federal Elections 3:9.
4 Rives 3:14.
5 Ketcham, 307.
6 First Federal Elections 10:223.
7 Rives 3:10.
8 First Federal Elections 10:727.
9 Ibid.
10 Madison 12:419.
11 Jefferson’s written account, reprinted in Joseph Ellis, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (New York: Vintage), 49.
12 First Federal Elections 11:811.
13 Ibid., 812.
14 Ibid., 812–13.
15 Ibid. 10:813.
16 Ibid., 814.
17 Ibid., 815.
18 Ibid., 816.
19 Ibid., 819.
20 First Federal Elections, 829.
21 Ibid., 830.
22 Ibid., 831.
23 Ibid., 834.
24 Madison 12:211.
25 Rives 3:41.
26 1284
27 Rives 3:41.
28 Ibid., 40.
29 Madison 12:369.
30 Ibid., 392.
31 Ibid., 393.
32 First Federal Elections 4:321.
33 John Thornton Kirkland, Works of Fisher Ames (Boston: Little Brown and Company 1854), 36.
34 Papers of James Monroe 2:463.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid. 2:467.
37 Ibid. 2:468.
38 Ibid.
EPILOGUE
1 Edward Stanwood, A History of Presidential Elections (Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1884), 52–54.
2 Ammon, 273.
3 Ibid., 551.
4 Ibid., 563.
5 Ibid., 564.
6 Ketcham, 638.
7 James Madison, Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, 189.
INDEX
A
Adams, John
Adams, John Quincy
“Address of the Minority,”
“Address to the States,”
Albany Plan
Alexander the Great
Alien and Sedition Acts
Allen, Ethan
Ambler, Jacquelin
American Revolution
Ames, Fisher
Annapolis Convention
“Appeal for the Election of James Monroe,”
Arnold, Benedict
Articles of Confederation
“Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union,”
B
Ball, Burgess
Barbour, Thomas
Barney, Joshua
Battle of Bunker Hill
Battle of Germantown
Battle of Long Island
Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Trenton
Battle of White Plains
Battle of York Town
Baylor, George
Bedford, Gunning
Bill of Rights
Bingham, William
Blair, John
Board of Admiralty
Book of Common Prayer, The
Boston Gazette
Boston Tea Party
Bradford, William
branches of government
British embargo
Burgoyne, Johnny
Burr, Aaron
Bush, George H. W.
C
Cabell, William
Cadwalader, Lambert
Caesar, Julius
Campbell, Archibald
capital location
Carlisle, Lord
Carrington, Edward
Carter, Jimmy
Caswell, Richard
Charles I, King
“checks and balances,”
Civil War
Clark, George Rogers
Clarkson, William
Cleveland, Grover
Clinton, George
Clinton, Henry
Cochrane, Dr.
Coercive Acts
Commentaries
commerce, promoting
Commonwealth v. Canton
Congress of the Confederation
Congress of the United States
congressional elections
Constitution
amending
drafting new
introductory words of
opposition to
ratification of
Constitutional Society
Continental Congress
Corbin, Francis
Cornwallis, General
Council of Revision
Court Days
Craig, Elijah
Cromwell, Oliver
cryptography
D
Dana, Francis
Davie, William
Dawes, William
Dawson, John
de Beurepaire, Quesnay
de Grasse, Comte
de Retz, Cardinal
debts
Declaration of Independence
“Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms,”
Dickenson, John
Digges, Dudley
d
irect taxation. See also taxation issues
Donald, Alexander
Dunmore, Governor
E
Early, Eleazer
Early, Joel
Eisenhower, Dwight
election day
election fraud
election law
election results
elections for Congress
Electoral College
electoral results
Elizabeth, Queen
Ellsworth, Oliver
Eve, George
executive department
executive power
F
“Father of the Constitution,”
federal judiciary
“Federalist Papers,”
Fifth Virginia Regiment
financial issues. See also taxation issues
First Amendment
First Congress of the United States
First Continental Congress
first elections
Fitzhugh, Daniel
Floyd, Kitty
Floyd, William
Fort Lee
Fort Pitt
Fort Ticonderoga
Fort Washington
Fourteenth Amendment
Fourth of July
Franklin, Benjamin
French and Indian War
G
Gardoqui, Don Diego de
Gates, Horatio
George III, King
Gerry, Elbridge
“Gerrymandering,”
Gilmore, James
Gordon, James
government, branches of
Gravier, Charles, Comte de Vergennes
Grayson, Charles
Grayson, Richard
Grayson, William
Griffin, Cyrus
Gunpowder Affair
H
habeas corpus
Hamilton, Alexander
Hancock, John
Harding, Warren
Hardy, Samuel
Harlem Heights
Harrison, Benjamin
Henry, John
Henry, Patrick
Henry IV, King
hero worship
Hood, Admiral
Houdon, Jean-Antoine
Howe, Admiral
Howell, David
Huntingdon, Samuel
I
impost tax. See also taxation issues
Independent Gazetteer
Intolerable Acts
J
Jackson, Andrew
Jackson, James
Jackson, William
Jameson, David
Jay, John
Jefferson, Thomas
Bill of Rights and
Congress and
Constitution and
death of
Declaration of Independence and
election of
as governor
on Intolerable Acts
on James Monroe
Louisiana Purchase and
militia meeting
as minister of France
on presidential nominees
quote by
ratification of Constitution and
religious freedom and
request from
as statesman
Johnson, Ben
Jones, Elizabeth
Jones, Joseph
Jones, Willie
Judiciary Act
Jumel, Eliza
K
Ketcham, Ralph
King, Rufus
Knolton, Colonel
Kortright, Elizabeth
L
Lafayette, Marquis de
land settlements. See also Western lands
Lee, Charles
Lee, Richard Bland
Lee, Richard Henry
legacy, protecting
legislative power
Leitch, Major
Leland, John
Lewis, Andrew
Lewis, John
Lewis v. Dixon
Lincoln, Abraham
Lincoln, Benjamin
Livingston, Robert
Louis XV, King
Louisiana Purchase
M
Maddison, Isack
Madison, Ambrose
Madison, James
Bill of Rights and
birth of
burial of
in Congress
congressional elections
Constitution and
Court Days and
death of
direct taxation and
education of
on election
engagement of
family of
Federalist Papers and
final years of
on financial issues
as “first man,”
friendship of
goals of
Louisiana Purchase and
meeting Monroe
as militiaman
pamphlets by
as presidential nominee
quotes by
ratification of Constitution and
religious freedom and
in retirement
as statesman
statue of
Virginia Colony and
Madison, James, Sr.
Madison, Reverend James
Madison, William
Marbury v. Madison
Marshall, John
Martin, Thomas
Mason, George
McClurg, James
McKean, Thomas
“Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessment,”
Mercer, John
militia
Mississippi issue
Monroe, Andrew
Monroe, Elizabeth
Monroe, James
birth of
burial of
in Congress
congressional elections
Constitution and
Court Days and
death of
after defeat
as deputy attorney general
direct taxation and
education of
on election
engagement of
family of
final years of
friendship of
Louisiana Purchase and
marriage of
meeting Madison
as militiaman
as officer
political career of
as presidential nominee
quotes by
ratification of Constitution and
religious freedom and
in retirement
as soldier
statue of
Virginia Colony and
war and
Monroe, Spence
N
Nash, Abner
national capital location
national debt
national judiciary
national legislature
Nelson, Thomas
New Jersey Plan
“New York Circular Letter,”
New York Daily Advertiser
Nicholas, George
Northwest Territory
“Notes on Ancient and Modern Confederacies,”
“Notes on Congress’ Place of Residence,”
O
O’Hara, Charles
Oswald, Eleazer
P
Page, John
Page, Mann
Parker, John
Parson’s Cause
Paterson, William
Peale, Charles Willson
Pell, Phillip
Pendleton, Edmund
“Philadelphia Campaign,”
Philadelphia Constitutional Convention
Philip of Macedon
Phillips, Josiah
Pierce, William
Pinckney, Charles
population figures
Porter, Charles
post-war transitions
Prevost, Theodosia
prisoners of war
R
Randolph, David Meade
Randolph, Edmund
Randolph, Peyton
Randolph, Thomas Mann
Ratification Convention
Reid, Joseph
religious freedom
religious imprisonments
revenue system
Revere, Paul
Revolutionary War
Riker, Dr.
Ringgold, Tench
Robert, Donald
Rochambeau, General
S
Second Continental Congress
secret ballot
Seventeenth Amendment
Sevier, John
Shays’ Rebellion
Sherman, Roger
Shockhoe Hill
slave revolt
slavery issue
Smock, William
Society of Cincinnati
“Some Observations on the Constitution,”
“Stamp Act Congress,”
state debts. See also debts
State Gazette
Statute of Religious Freedom. See also religious freedom
Stevens, Edward
Stirling, Alexander
Strother, French
Stuart, Archibald
T
Taliaferro, Colonel
Tarleton, Colonel
taxation issues. See also impost tax
Taylor, Francis
Taylor, Jesse
Taylor, Zachary
Tea Party
“tedious session,”
Third Virginia Regiment
Thompson, George
Treaty of Alliance
Treaty of Paris
Trist, Eliza
“True Federalist, A,”
Turberville, George Lee
Twenty-Seventh Amendment
Tyler, John, Sr.
V
Valley Forge
veto power
Vining, John
Virginia Centinel
Virginia Colony
Virginia Convention
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Virginia Independent Chronicle
Virginia Plan
Virginia Ratification Convention
voter intimidation
W
Wallace, Caleb
War of 1812
Washington, George
First Continental Congress and
as general
inauguration of
militia meeting
oath of
Philadelphia Convention and
as president
quotes by
retirement of
as statesman
