GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters):
collaboration with American A(F)SA 366, 372–3;
VENONA project 366, 372, 378, 434;
at Eastcote 428;
Prime case 578–9, 712–13, 754, 756;
counter-proliferation role 788
Gee, Ethel ‘Bunty’ 485, 487
General Strike (1926) 125–6
George V, King 146, 179
George VI, King 297, 310, 416, 856
German Communist Party (KPD) 188, 189–90
German embassy (London) 195–7, 199, 853
Germany, Imperial:
pre-war espionage and invasion threat 3, 7–21, 30–52, 861;
navy 8, 55, 64, 162;
Meldewesen system 30;
wartime espionage and sabotage attempts 66–80, 861–2;
wartime subversion 86–7, 90–92, 94, 99–100, 101–3, 106–7, 852;
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) 104;
Treaty of Versailles (1919) 186, 195, 198, 852
Germany, Weimar 117, 186–8, 198, 852
Germany, Nazi:
anti-Semitism 7, 189–90;
Hitler’s rise 188–9;
violence and repression 188–9, 190;
concentration camps 189, 352, 364;
rearmament 195;
and Rhineland 198;
annexation of Austria 200;
threat to Czechoslovakia 200, 202, 207–8;
pre-war espionage 210–11, 212–13;
invasion of Poland 213;
invasion of France and Low Countries 222, 223;
planned invasion of Britain 230–31, 235, 250, 257–9, 858;
invasion of Soviet Union 273, 292
Germany, post-war see East Germany; West Germany
Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) 451–4, 468, 470–71, 859
Gibraltar:
DSO 138, 220;
Burgess goes wild in 422;
attempted PIRA terrorist attack (1988) 739–45, 748
Glad, Tör (double agent JEFF) 292
Glading, Percy 137, 167, 179, 180–82, 183, 854
Gladstone, Hugh 62, 63, 64, 84
Glasgow 41, 139, 246, 254, 448, 653, 654;
pub bombings (1979) 654;
organized crime 790;
terrorist attack on airport (2007) 836
GOLD, Operation 490
Goleniewski, Michal 484–5, 487, 488, 511
Golitsyn, Anatoli:
intelligence on Cambridge Five 378, 435, 438, 439;
defection 435, 503, 504;
paranoia and exaggeration 439, 503, 504, 516;
Vassall case 492;
and Hollis and Mitchell 503–4, 507, 511, 512–13, 516, 518, 519;
limitations of his evidence 503, 504;
temporary move to Britain 504, 505, 506;
and Sino-Soviet split 512–14;
and CAZAB investigations 514–15
Gollan, John 402–3, 404, 410, 528, 592
Good Friday Agreement (1998) 782, 798
Gorbachev, Mikhail 680, 723, 725
Gordievsky, Oleg:
posting to London 348, 708–12;
identification of ELLI 348–9;
on Pontecorvo 390;
and identification of Fifth Man 440–41, 707–6;
identification of Bob Edwards as KGB agent 527, 710–11, 711–12;
on Jack Jones 536, 589, 657, 710–11;
on KGB contacts with anti-nuclear movement 674–5;
on funding of NUM 679;
on Libyan terrorism 701;
on Soviet fear of nuclear attack 709, 722–3, 861, 860;
and Thatcher 709, 720, 725, 727, 730;
succeeds Titov 710–11;
and Hollis investigations 712;
and Bettaney 714–18, 721;
and Guk’s expulsion from London 724–5;
appointed London resident designate 724–6;
exposure and defection 726–7, 730;
on Mikardo 758
Gordon Walker, Patrick 345, 412–13, 415, 416, 480, 526
Gorsky, Anatoli 184, 269, 272, 280
Gouzenko, Igor 282, 339–2, 343–49, 380, 431–2, 434
Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS):
SIS control of 120;
decrypts of Soviet ciphers 143–4, 146, 147, 154–5, 175–7, 178, 261;
and ARCOS affair 156;
surveillance of employees 158;
decrypts of German ciphers 248, 253, 254, 300, 305, 855;
relocation to Bletchley Park 248;
Churchill’s interest in 287, 856;
and Palestine intercept station 353;
see also GCHQ; ISOS; ULTRA
Government War Book 194, 404, 406, 859
Grant, Ted 660, 661, 682
Graves, Karl 40–41, 42–4, 50, 70
Gray, Olga 179–82, 183, 220–21, 401, 854
Green, Oliver 277, 281
Greene, Sir Hugh 396
Greenhill, Sir Denis, 565, 571, 572
Gregory, Ivor (Soviet agent ACE) 579, 582–3, 585
Grey, Sir Edward 37, 86, 89
Grieve, John 796, 855
Grist, Evelyn 274, 334–5
Grivas, George 462–5
Gromyko, Andrei 553, 566, 567, 573
Grosse, Heinrich 39–40, 42
GRU (Soviet military intelligence):
pre-war anti-Western imperialist operations 161;
wartime espionage 280, 374, 378–9;
Canadian spy-ring 339–41, 344–49;
messages decrypted by VENONA 378;
growth of London residency in 1960s 491, 565–7;
mass expulsion of London personnel (Operation FOOT) 565, 567, 571–3, 574–5, 732, 859;
Operation RYAN 709, 722–3, 861;
expulsion of agents following Gordievsky defection 727, 730, 736;
policy on visas for 732–3
Guantánamo Bay 825
Guk, Arkadi 710, 714–17, 718, 719, 723–5, 732
H Branch 84, 779–80;
H2 section see Registry;
see also Appendix 3
Haddad, Wadi 60, 601, 605, 607
Hague, The 80, 651;
SIS mission 200–201, 212–13, 241–2, 244–5, 246
Hahn, John 67, 68
Hain, Peter 641–2, 942
Haines, Joe 629, 631, 633, 634
Haldane, Maldwyn Makgill 59, 60, 63
Haldane, Richard Burdon, 1st Viscount 14–15, 19–20, 39, 54, 59
Halifax, E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of 199, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207–8, 223, 264, 345
Hall, Frank 87–8, 89, 90, 93
Hall, Sir Reginald ‘Blinker’ 63–4, 75, 87, 88, 90, 106–7, 115, 150
Hankey, Sir Maurice 69, 136, 147, 162, 163, 242, 244
Hanley, Sir Michael:
identification of Fifth Man 440;
questioned as possible grade spy 512;
head of C Branch 536;
appointment as DG 548;
management style 548, 552;
character 552;
relations with ministers 552, 553, 559, 596;
and Smith as successor 553, 555;
and Lambton affair 575;
and Communists’ attempts to penetrate Labour Party 577–8;
and committee on Subversion in Public Life 596–7;
industrial subversion and unrest investigations 597–8;
and Northern Ireland 626, 645–6, 647;
and Wilson’s business friends 629, 630;
and Wilson’s Security Service file 632;
and alleged plot against Wilson 632, 633–4, 634–5, 639–41, 765;
and Thorpe affair 641;
and Arab terrorism 647–8;
establishment of FX Branch 647;
and subversive penetration of Labour Party 660–61
Hanratty, Gerard 795–6
Hardinge, Charles 19, 116
Harker, Oswald A. ‘Jasper’:
background and character 127–8, 130, 855;
>
head of B Branch 127–8, 255;
on Dick White 135;
Soviet espionage investigations 152, 154, 156–8, 263–6;
Communist subversion investigations 177;
and sacking of Jane Archer 220, 235;
succeeds Kell 220, 228, 237;
on internment of aliens 230;
decline in confidence in his leadership 235–6;
replaced by Petrie and made deputy director general 236, 855;
and recruitment 540
Harlley, J. W. K. 470, 471
Harman, Harriet 559, 766–7
Harmer, Christopher 249, 298–9
Harris, Tomás ‘Tommy’ 284–5, 294–6, 297, 305, 308, 310, 312, 855
Harrods bombing (1983) 699–700
Hart, Herbert 250, 255, 375, 538
Hart, Jenifer (née Fischer Williams) 375, 538–9, 540
Hart, Judith 634, 640
HAT, Operation 823
Havers, Sir Michael 723–4, 757, 762–3, 765
Haxell, Frank 409, 410, 411
Hayman, Andy 830, 832
Hayter, Sir William 383–4, 858
Healey, Denis 407, 659
Heath, Sir Edward:
and investigation of Hollis 518, 519;
becomes prime minister 547, 566;
dislike of Furnival Jones 547, 587;
appointment of Hanley as DG 548, 552;
and Lambton affair 575–6;
interest in industrial subversion intelligence 587–8, 595–6, 854;
Industrial Relations Act (1971) 589;
and work-to-rule 589–90, 854;
and miners’ strikes 591, 593–4, 598–9;
1974 election 599;
and counter-terrorism 612, 614;
and Northern Ireland 618–19;
and identification of Blunt as Fourth Man 706;
criticism of Security Service after Spycatcher 765–6
Heathrow airport 538, 608, 609, 613, 614, 617, 726, 746–7, 785, 828, 829, 831, 832
Helm, Siegfried 32–3, 34, 35, 39, 44
Helms, Richard 513, 518, 574
Helsby, Sir Laurence 523, 532–3, 537
Hemblys-Scales, Robert 368, 369, 370
Henderson, Arthur 66, 147
Henderson, Sir Nevile 195, 207
Hennessy, Peter 755, 854
Hentschel, Karl 44, 45–6
Herbert, Christopher 335, 469
Hewitt, Patricia 559, 766–7
hijacking 601, 606, 607–9, 615–16, 647–8, 688;
see also September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks Hill, Bernard 422, 487, 490
Himsworth, Norman 237, 273–5, 276, 320, 401, 406
Hinsley, Sir Harry 209, 859
Hitler, Adolf:
talks with Eden 175;
rise to power 188, 853;
territorial ambitions 189, 198, 853;
and BUF 191, 192, 193;
appointment of Ribbentrop 198;
remilitarization of Rhineland 198;
and espionage in Britain 199–200, 209;
and Czechoslovakia 201, 202;
Munich agreement 202, 205;
views on Chamberlain 205–6, 853;
invasion of France and Low Countries 222;
invasion of Soviet Union 273;
plan to assassinate 293–4;
and D-Day landings deceptions 296–7, 305, 308–9, 310;
fanaticism 860;
Mein Kampf 7, 189, 198, 853
Hizballah 800, 801
Hoare, Sir Samuel 104–5, 206
Hollis, Sir Roger:
background and character 135, 136, 320, 325, 483;
recruited by MI5 (1938) 135, 136;
wartime intelligence work 278, 280, 281–2, 289, 517;
Soviet double-agent allegations 282, 327–28, 348, 503, 504–5, 510–11, 512, 515, 516–19, 520–21, 634, 706, 712, 754, 760–61, 763, 859;
suspicions of Blunt 282, 517, 856;
appointed DDG 325;
appointed DG 326–7, 483;
and Cuban Missile Crisis 326–7, 859;
management style 326, 547;
retirement as DG 328, 510, 511, 518;
and Gouzenko case 342, 344–5, 347;
role in founding of ASIO 367, 368–70, 763;
and vetting procedures 380, 383, 394, 395–6;
and atom spies 384, 389;
and protective security 392;
and Communists 406, 409–10, 412;
and Wright 434–5;
and Philby 436;
imperial tours 445–6, 462;
posts Magan to Cyprus 464;
and surveillance of colonial delegations 466, 467–8;
and operations in Commonwealth countries 468, 469, 471, 478;
policy on Special Political Action 478;
Macmillan 483, 494, 500;
and Blake 489;
and Vassall 493;
and Profumo affair 496, 498;
and Boothby and Kray scandal 501, 502;
and investigation of Mitchell 505–6, 507, 508–9;
suspension of Martin 510;
death 518;
and Wilson 523, 524, 526–7
Holt-Wilson, Audrey, Lady (née Stirling) 133, 227–8
Holt-Wilson, Sir Eric:
and pre-First World War German espionage 33, 52;
background and character 42;
nickname 42;
recruited 42;
and Defence of the Realm Act 53–4;
First World War security measures 77, 81;
on Metropolitan Police’s role 82;
heads A, D, E and F Branches 84;
Christmas/New Year card design 103;
case for post-war existence of MI5 117–18;
Thomson 117–18;
and General Strike 125;
memorandum on reorganization 130;
knighthood 133;
marriages and family 133;
and Meerut Conspiracy 137–8;
on imperial aspirations of Security Service 138, 458;
international tours 138;
industrial sabotage investigations 166;
report on First World War 187;
and internment 194;
resignation 227–8;
on Harker’s succession 228
Home Office 7, 48, 53, 98, 101, 166, 191, 192, 193, 547–8, 552–3, 620, 752
Home Office Warrant (HOW) system 37, 49–50, 52, 122, 147, 239, 320–21, 523
homosexuality 86, 89, 172, 174, 196, 269, 396–7, 429, 500, 533–4, 564, 633, 635–6, 641, 706
Hooper, William John ‘Jack’ 246–7, 249, 257, 268
Hoover, J. Edgar:
and prewar espionage investigations 210;
and Kent–Wolkoff case 225;
and British– American counterintelligence collaboration 131;
suspicions of CIA 374, 428;
and VENONA project 374, 377, 428;
and Fuchs case 386, 387, 390;
and defection of Burgess and Maclean 427–8, 431;
and Philby case 431, 436, 509;
and Blake case 489, 491;
and Profumo affair 500;
reaction to FOOT 574
Horrocks, Reginald 228–9, 275
Horwood, Sir William 119, 120, 121
Houghton, Harry 484–5, 487–8
Howard, Sir Michael 249, 283–4, 783
Howe, Sir Geoffrey 709, 723, 725, 730, 740, 743, 766
Howells, Dr Kim 827
Human Rights Convention 756, 759, 765
Hungarian Uprising (1956) 404, 409, 418, 445
Hunt, Sir John 519, 552, 553, 631, 633–4, 658, 670–71
Hurd, Douglas 681, 766
HUSKY, Operation 287
Hussain, Tanvir 830, 831
Hyde, Douglas 164–5, 411
Hyde Park bombing (1982) 697, 699
ICON (counter-terrorism exercise) 615–16
Independent Labour Party (ILP) 66, 98, 99, 102, 103, 580
India:
Nort
h-West Frontier 4, 108;
German subversion in 86, 90–92;
First World War 91;
Ghadr (‘Revolt’) Party 92–3;
CPGB couriers to 137, 179–80;
Delhi Intelligence Bureau (DIB) 137, 138, 236, 442–6, 481;
liaison with British intelligence 137–8, 442, 443–4, 444–6;
Meerut Conspiracy trial 137–8;
Comintern links with Indian Communists 190;
recruitment of officers from 331;
independence 442, 443, 447;
influence of Communists at Indian high commission 443;
Communist Party 445;
Indo-Soviet relations 445, 446, 447;
assassination of Indira Gandhi 736–7
Industrial Intelligence Bureau (IIB) 122–3, 124, 149
Inkpin, Albert 99, 152
INLA (Irish National Liberation Army) 651, 698
Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) 755, 778, 787, 788, 817, 823, 825, 828
interception:
of postal correspondence 36–7, 52, 63–5, 71, 86–7, 334, 549, 554, 758, 767;
of cables 63, 71;
of telephone calls 134–5, 147, 320–21, 334, 526–7, 542, 756–7, 758, 767
Interception of Communications Act (1985) 756–7, 758, 767, 768
internment:
of aliens during First World War 80–81, 97, 221–2;
of Communists 97, 100;
of Fascists 192, 194, 227, 230–31, 235;
Government War Book regulations 194, 404;
of aliens during Second World War 222, 223, 224, 227, 229, 230–31;
Advisory Committee on Internment 230, 235;
proposed internment of Communists in event of war with Soviet Union 404–6, 417;
in Northern Ireland 619
interrogation techniques 251–2, 539
Invergordon Mutiny (1931) 162–4, 249
invisible ink 67, 70–71, 74
Ippolitov, Ivan Ivanovich 571–2, 577
IRA (Irish Republican Army) 122–3, 600, 602–4, 605–6, 618–20, 654;
see also Continuity IRA; Official IRA; Provisional IRA; Real IRA
Iran 460, 685, 800–802, 803, 856
Iranian embassy siege (1980) 685–8
Iraq 284, 536, 648, 686, 691
Ireland:
Fenians 5, 600, 852;
German funding of Republicans 86–7;
Easter Rising (1916) 87, 88, 618, 861;
development of nationalism 90, 618, 861;
Soviet aid to Sinn Fein ‘germ cells’ 145–6;
status as dominion 369;
emigration 602;
constitution 605;
Communist Party 606;
navy’s interception of arms supplies to PIRA 623, 704;
see also Northern Ireland
Irgun Zvai Leumi 350, 351–5, 358–60, 362
Irish Joint Section (IJS) 621, 624, 645, 646, 649, 652, 683, 684–5, 692, 693–4, 696, 697, 700, 852
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) 651, 698
ISK (Second World War decrypts) 253, 254–5
Islamism 7, 91, 800–801, 828
The Defence of the Realm Page 146
