vols. (1966-8), i. 177
13. ibid., 7 August 1915, i. I77
14. Jellicoe to Hamilton. 12 September 1915; Hamilton MSS
15. Jellicoe Papers, i. 221
16. ibid., p. 231
17. Corbett, History, iii. 276
18. Jellicoe MSS
19. Jellicoe to Beatty, 11 April 1916; Jellicoe MSS
20. ibid.
21. Corbett, History, iii. 321
22. ibid., p. 320
23. G. von Hase, Kiel and Jutland (1921), pp. 86-7
24. Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon, The Life of John Rushworth, Earl Jellicoe (1936), p. 163
25. F. C. Sillas, ‘Note of conversation with Vice-Admiral von Trotha of the German Navy’, 1939; Marder Papers. Von Trotha visited England in May 1939
26. E. Raeder, My Life (1960), p. 40
27. Unfinished MS of book on Jutland by W. S. Chalmers; Chalmers MSS. Quoted in Roskill, Beatty, p. 148
CHAPTER 13 (pp. 211-234)
1. Jutland Official Despatches (1921), p. 130
2. ibid., p. 198
3. ibid., p. 143
4. von Hase, Kiel and Jutland, p. 147
5. ibid.
6. Chalmers, Beatty, p. 229
7. Admiral of the Fleet Lord Chatfield, The Navy and Defence (1942), p. 149
8. Chalmers, Beatty, p. 231
9. ibid.
10. ibid., p. 233
11. von Hase, Kiel and Jutland, p. 148
12. ibid., p. 161
13. Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 67
14. The Times, 9 June 1916
15. Corbett, History, iii. 339
16. ibid., p. 337
17. Goodenough, BBC talk in 1938. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 70n
18. Quoted in letter from Captain C. V. Marsden to Marder, 26 March 1976; Marder Papers. Marsden was a sub-lieutenant in the Southampton
19. Lieutenant Stephen King-Hal1 of the Southampton in an unpublished account in the possession of Admiral Sir Harold Burrough. Quoted in Marder. Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 71
20. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 72n.
21. Lieutenant William Tennant, quoting from his diary entry for 31 May 1916. This account was published in Lieutenant-Commander H. W. Fawcett, and Lieutenant G. W. E. Hooper (eds.), The Fighting at Jutland (1921). Tennant became an admiral and survived the loss of his ship. Repulse, 10 December 1941
22. Jutland Official Despatches, p. 199
23. ibid., p. 200
24. The Times, 5 June 1916
25. von Hase, Kiel and Jutland, p. 24
CHAPTER 14 (pp. 235-266)
1.Marder, Fear God, iii. 274
2. Admiral of the Fleet Earl Jellicoe, The Grand Fleet. 1914-16i: its Creation, Development and Work (1919), p. 274
3. Dreyer, The Sea Heritage, p. 145
4. ibid.
5. Corbett, History. iii. 354
6. Admiral Magnus von Levetzow to Rudolf Hess, 10 August 1936; Levetzow Papers, German Ministry or Marine MSS
7. Chatfield, The Navy and Defence. p. 146
8. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 113
9. Chalmers. Beatty, p. 251
10. Corbett. History, iii. 366
11 Admiral Drax; quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 115
12. Conversation with the author, May 1968
13. Admiral Reinhard Scheer, Germany’s High Seas Fleet in the World War (1920), pp.
151-2
14. Commander Lionel Peppé, a lieutenant in the Superb. Conversation with the author, May 1982
15. Jutland Official Despatches, p. 18
16. ibid., p. 36
17. ibid., p. 53
18. ibid., p. 61
19. ibid., p. 65
20. Corbett, History, iii. 371
21. Scheer, Germany’s High Seas, Fleet. p. 152
22. Corbett, History, iii. 372
23. Bacon, Jellicoe, p. 277
24. Corbett, History, iii. 378
25. Chatfield. The Navy and Defence, p. 147
26. Quoted in S. W. Roskill, HMS Warspite (1957, paperback edn 1974). p. 126
27. Corbett, History, iii. 393
28. Vice-Admiral Adolf van Trotha to Tirpitz, 18 July 1916; Tirpitz MSS
29. Jellicoe to Jackson, 4 June 1916; Jackson MSS
30. ibid.
31. Corbett. History, iii. 384-5
32. Jellicoe, ‘The Admiralty Narrative of’ the Battle of Jutland’; Jellicoe MSS
33. ibid.
34. Chalmers, Beatty, p. 262
35. Keyes MSS
36. Chalmers, Beatty, p. 262
CHAPTER 15 (pp. 267-297)
1. Chatfield. The Navy and Defence, p. 149
2. Dewar, The Navy from Within, p. 30
3. Jellicoe to Sturdee. 17 November 1915; Sturdee MSS
4. Commander Anthony Pellew to the author, 15 July 1982
5. Chalmers, Beatty, p. 262
6. Beatty to Jellicoe, 3 June 1916;Jellicoe MSS 265
7. Conversation with the author, June 1968
8. Jellicoe’s autobiographical notes quoted in Bacon, Jellicoe, p. 163
9. Tyrwhitt to Captain W. Cowan, RN, 5 May 1916; Cowan MSS
10. Vice-Admiral Craig Waller (he changed his name), R.U.S.I. Journal, November 1935
11. Captain Edward Altham, Jellicoe (1938), p. 116
12. Corbett, History, iii. 372
13. Diary of Rear-Admiral Alexander Duff, 22 June 1916; Duff MSS
14. Admiral Drax’s letter to Marder, 28 April 1960; Marder Papers
15. Jellicoe’s unpublished notes ‘The Grand Fleet at Jutland’; Jellicoe MSS
16. Jellicoe in conversation with Captain O. Frewen, RN, 29 November 1919; Frewen MSS
17. Vice-Admiral Adolf von Trotha to Tirpitz, 18 August 1916; Tirpitz MSS
18. ‘Account of the Battle of Jutland’ by Midshipman R. K. Dickson, HMS Benbow, 18 June 191l6. National Library of Scotland; Dickson MSS
19. Press Statement, 4 August 1916
20. Marine Rundschau, June 1966
21. Admiral Drax to Marder, 5 November 1962; Marder Papers
22. Beatty’s marginalia on his copy of L. Gibson and Vice-Admiral J. E. T. Harper, The Riddle of Jutland (1934); Chalmers MSS
23. Evan-Thomas’s letter to The Times, 16 February 1927
CHAPTER 16 (pp. 298-321)
1. Scheer, Germany’s High Seas Fleet. pp. 185-6
2. Beatty to Jellicoe, 6 September 1916; Jellicoe MSS
3. Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iii. 336
4. Scheer. Germany’s High Seas Fleet, p. 49
5. Note of a conversation with Admiral von Trotha by Mr. F. C. Sillas in the course of the Admiral’s visit to England, May 1939; letter to Marder, 4th October 1966. Marder Papers
6. Vice-Admiral Gordon Campbell, My Mystery Ships (1928), p. 105
7. Jellicoe to Fisher, 1 December 1916: Lennoxlove Papers
8. Richmond diary, 15 May 1917; Richmond MSS
9. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iv. 159
10. ibid, p. 258
11. Lloyd George, War Memoirs, iii. 1162-3
12. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iv. 187
13. ibid, p. 258
14. Admiral Karl Doenitz, Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days (1959), p. 89
15. Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, iv. 214
16. Lieutenant-Commander L. Frewen, diary, 27 December 1917; Frewen MSS
17. Richmond diary, 28 November 1917; Richmond MSS
18. Wemyss to Beatty, 23 August 1918: Beatty MSS
19. Admiral Hugh Rodman. Yarns of a Kentucky Admiral (1928). p. 266
20. Rear-Admiral William S. Sims, The Victory at Sea (1920), p. 65
21. Jellicoe’s memorandum, ‘Attacking Ostend and Zeebrugge,’ 18 June 1917; Jellicoe MSS
22. Beatty’s paper, ‘Mining Policy ‘; Jellicoe MSS
23. Chalmers’.s unpublished MS ‘Running Fre
e’: Chalmers MSS
24. E. E. Wilson, ‘Grand Fleet Morale’; Shipmate, January 1964 (Organ of the US Naval Academy Alumni Association)
25. Beatty MSS
26. Captain Otto Groos/Admiral Walther Gladisch, Der Krieg in der Nordsee, 7 vols. (1920-65), vii. 341
27. B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the First World War (1970 edn). p. 588
ABBREVIATIONS
ADC – Aide-de-camp
AP – Armour-piercing (shell)
BC – Battle-cruiser
BCF – Battle Cruiser Feet
BCS – Battle Cruiser Squadron
BEF – British Expeditionary Force
C and M – Care and Maintenance
CID – Committee of Imperial Defence
C.-in-C. – Commander-in-Chief
DF – Direction finding
DNI – Director of Naval Intelligence
DNO – Director of Naval Operations
DOD – Director of Operations Division
DSC – Distinguished Service Cross
DSM – Distinguished Service Medal
DSO – (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order
GFBO – Grand Fleet Battle Order
HSF – High Seas Fleet
LCS – Light Cruiser Squadron
NID – Naval Intelligence Division
OD – Operations Division
RN – Royal Navy
RNAS – Royal Navy Air Service
RNVR – Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve
USN – United States Navy
VC – Victoria Cross
W/T – Wireless telegraphy
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
GENERAL
Barnett, Corelli, The Swordbearers: Studies in Supreme Command (1963). Worthwhile for the Jellicoe chapter. Critical of the social element’s influence on the Roval Navy’s performance.
Bennett, Captain Geoffrey, Naval Battles of the First World War (1968). Excellent balanced accounts and judgements.
Bingham, Commander Barry, Falklands, Jutland and the Bight (1919). A participating officer’s view of these actions.
Chatfield, Admiral of the Fleet Ford, The Navy and Defence (1942). Narrative and observations by Beatty’s flag-captain.
Churchill, Winston S., The World Crisis, 1914-19, 5 vols. (1923-9). Compulsive and magnificent reading, but the rich prose does not entirely conceal prejudice and distortion in the naval passages.
Corbett, Sir Julian S. Newbolt, Sir Henry, History of the Great War. Naval Operations, 5 vols. (1920-31). The official semi-popular history, Corbett being responsible for the first 3 vols. Readable and reliable.
Dewar, Vice-Admiral K.G.B., The Navy from Within (1939). Prejudiced but highly informative.
Dreyer, Admiral Sir Frederic, The Sea Heritage: a Study of Maritime Warfare (1955). Untidy and unbalanced but interesting, especially on Jutland.
Grenfell, Commander Russell, The Art of the Admiral (1937). Very good on strategy. As so often with clever naval officers, crossness and perversity are never distant.
Groos, Captain Otto/Gladisch, Admiral Walther, Der Krieg in der Nordsee, 7 vols. (1920-65). Groos responsible for the first 5 vols. The official German history Stately and irreplaceable.
Jellicoe, Admiral of the Fleet Earl, The Grand Fleet, 1914-16: its Creation, Development and Work (1919). Dull but an essential sourer.
Liddell – Hart, Sir Basil, The Great War (1967 revised edn). The soundest single-volume history, with the Royal Navy’s role seen in balanced perspective.
Marder, Arthur J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, 5 vols. (1961-70). The culminating work for which this historian will be remembered. Essential reading which is unlikely to be superseded. The last two vols. highly detailed.
BIOGRAPHICAL
ASQUITH
Oxford and Asquith, Earl of Memories and Reflections, 1852-1927. 2 vols. (1928). See
especially vol. ii.
Jenkins, Roy, Asquith (1964). Highly readable, somewhat uncritical.
BATTENBERG
Hough. Richard, Louis & Victoria: the First Mountbattens (1973). American edition, The
Mountbattens (1974). The official family history.
Kerr, Admiral Mark, Prince Louis of Battenberg, Admiral of the Fleet (1934). An interim and uncritical study.
BEATTY
Chalmers. Rear-Admiral William S.. The Life & Letters of David, Earl Beatty (1951). Written with access to the family papers, and very well done. Prejudice not too evident considering the author was on Beatty’s Staff from 1915-19.
Roskill, Captain Stephen, Admira1 of the Fleet Earl Beatty (1980). A more recent authorized biography by the distinguished official naval historian of the Second World War.
CHURCHILL
Churchill. Randolph/Gilbert, Martin. Winston S. Churchill. 27 vols., with Companion vols. of Papers (1966 – ). Randolph Churchill wrote the first two vols. The official biography. Readable, scholarly, definitive. See especially vols. ii, iii, and iv.
Roskill, Captain Stephen, Churchill and the Admirals (1977). The only worthwhile study
of this fascinating subject.
FISHER
Bacon, Admiral Sir Reginald, The Life of Lord Fisher of Kilverstone, 2 vols. (1929). The first authorized biography by one of ‘Jacky’s’ closest satellites. Predictable prejudice.
Hough, Richard, First Sea Lord: an authorized life of Lord Fisher (1969). American title, Admiral of the Fleet. With more emphasis on the man than below.
Mackay, Ruddock F., Fisher of Kilverstone (1971). The most recent biography with special emphasis on Fisher’s earlier work.
Marder, Arthur J., Fear God and Dreadnought: the Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone, 3 vols. (1952-9). With the editor’s sagacious interpolated biographical essays, these volumes provide the finest portrait of’ the idiosyncratic, brilliant, and not wholly lovable admiral though the third vol. can be skimmed.
JAMES
James, Admiral Sir William, The Sky was Always Blue (1951). Vivid and enthusiastically recounted memoirs of’ ‘years that were never dull, always happy and sometimes exciting.’
JELLICOE
Altham, Captain Edward, Jellicoe (1938). Sound.
Bacon, Admiral Sir Reginald, The Life of John Rushworth. Earl Jellicoe (1936). Authorized and too uncritical but essential reading.
Patterson, A.Temple (ed). The Jellicoe Papers. 2 vols. (1966-8). Brilliantly edited for the Navy Records Society.
Winton, John, Jellicoe (1981). A critical, balanced study of this fascinating admiral.
KEYES
Aspinall-Oglander, Brigadier-General C. F., Roger Keyes (1951). Authorized and uncritical.
Halpern, Paul G. (ed.), The Keyes Papers, 3 vols. (1972-81). See especially vol. i. which superbly evokes the man, his relationships, and his work.
Keyes, Admiral Sir Roger, The Naval Memoirs of Admiral of the Fleet Sir, Roger Keyes, 2 vols. (1934-5). Opinionated and belligerent but not without interest.
LLOYD-GEORGE
Lloyd George, David, War Memoirs of David Lloyd George, 6 vols. (1933-6). See especially vols. iii and iv.
RICHMOND
Marder, Arthur J. (ed.), Portrait of an Admiral: the Life and Papers of Sir Herbert Richmond (1952). Reveals the brilliance as well as the contentiouness of this officer.
SCHEER
Scheer, Admiral Reinhard, Germany’s High Sea, Fleet in the World War (1920). Egocentric, idiosyncratic, unreliable, and execrably translated, but should read.
SIMS
Morison, Captain E. E., Admiral Sims and the Modern American Navy (1942) Admirable, authorized.
Sims, Rear-Admiral William S., The Victory at Sea (1920). Irreplaceable for its account of the American contribution and the introduction of convoy.
TIRPITZ
Tirpitz., Grand-Admiral Alfred von, My Memoirs, 2 vols. (1919). Self-righteous, and self-satisfied but an essential contribution.
WESTER WEMYSS
Wester Weymess, Lady, Thr Life
and Papers of Lord Wester Weymess (1935). The essence of the officer is not lost in this amateurishly compiled collection.
ENGAGEMENTS
CORONEL AND THE FALKLANDS
Bennett, Captain Geoffrey, Coronel and the Falklands (1962). Excellent and with new material.
Hickling, Vice-Admiral Harold, Sailor at Sea (1965). A moving and revealing account by an officer of the Glasgow.
Hirst, Paymaster Commander Lloyd, Coronel and After (1934). The story told by another of the Glasgow’s officers.
Hough, Richard, The Pursuit of Admiral von Spee (1969). American title. The Long Pursuit. The two engagements seen more from the German view.
Pochhammer. Captain Hans, Before Jutland: Admiral von Spee’s Last Voyage (1931). A moving narrative by the senior survivor of the Gneisenau.
DARDANELLES
Aspinall-Oglander, Brigadier-General C. F. History of the Great War. Military Operations. Gallipoli, 2 vols. (1929-32). The official account.
Brodie, C. G., Forlorn Hope 1915 The Submarine Passage of the Dardanelles (1956). Heroic.
Chatterton, E. Keble, Dardanelles Dilemma (1935). Sound, dramatic.
James, Robert Rhodes, Gallipoli (1965). The best popular account.
Samson, Air Commodore Charles R., Fights and Flights (1930). Good on the air side.
DOGGER BANK
Young, Filson, With the Battle Cruisers (1921). Includes a graphic account as seen from the Lion’s foretop.
JUTLAND
Bacon, Admiral Sir Reginald, The Jutland Scandal (1925). Heavily pro-Jellicoe but must be read. The title indicates its contentiousness.
Bennett, Captain Geoffrey, The Battle of Jutland (1964), As balanced as Bacon’s is prejudiced.
Fawcett, Lieutenant-Commander H. W., and Hooper, Lieutenant G.W. E. (eds.), The Fighting at Jutland (1921). Personal narratives, some very vivid.
Frost, Commander Holloway H., The Battle of Jutland (1936). Critical and comprehensive, but now superseded by that of his fellow-countryman, Marder, in vol. iii of From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, q.v.
Legg, Stuart, Jutland (1966) _ Personal accounts well strung together.
Pastfield, the Reverend J. L., New Light on Jutland (1933). Interesting on the technical aspects.
NB Accounts of the battle, often of a personal nature, appear in numerous volumes of naval memoirs, e.g. Chalmers’s Beatty, q.v.
The Great War at Sea: 1914-1918 Page 44
