Mease, James, 726–27
media, 475–76, 603. See also newspapers
press
specific publications
medicine, 723, 725–27
The Medium (play), 501
Megalonyx, 393
Melish, John, 712
melodramas, 571
mercantilism, 15, 101, 625–26, 707
merchant marine, 642, 682, 688–89
Merrick, Pliny, 721–22
Merry, Anthony, 288
Methodist Episcopal Church, 605–6
Methodists: and class divisions, 613
and democratization of religion, 608
and Dow, 610
and freed blacks, 521
and growth of congregations, 337, 581–82, 604
and millennial beliefs, 618
and the Republican Party, 244
and revivalism, 595–601, 605
and slavery, 535, 536, 538, 599–600
Mexico, 113, 367, 384
Miami Indians, 129
Michaux, André, 186, 376
Michigan Territory, 359, 363, 674, 679, 686, 701
Mid-Atlantic States, 170
middle class, 27–31, 355–56
Middle Tennessee, 361
Middlesex Canal, 484
“midnight judges,” 419, 440
Mifflin, Thomas, 245
Milan Decree, 646
military dictatorships, 8
Military Peace Establishment Act, 292
military power: and the Barbary Wars, 636
and the Federalist Party, 262–67
and the French Revolution, 620–21
and Fulton, 631–32
and international commerce, 195
and military spending, 292
National Anthem, 692
and Shays’s Rebellion, 111
and the War of 1812, 671–72, 674. See also naval power and conflicts; standing armies
militias, 293, 644, 672, 680, 693
Millar, John, 42
millennial beliefs, 582, 616–19
Miller, Samuel, 258, 562, 608
Mingo Indians, 123
minority groups, 31, 167, 468. See also immigration
racial issues
Minot, George, 60
mint, 99. See also monetary policy
Miranda, Francisco de, 265
miscegenation, 395n88, 514
missionaries, 490–91, 617
Mississippi River: and the Louisiana Purchase, 369
and territorial disputes, 113
and trade and commerce, 15
and the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 201, 366, 367
and the War of 1812, 695, 696
Mississippi Territory: and Claiborne, 372–73
and the Embargo Act, 655–56
and embargoes, 655–56
and Native Americans, 128, 686
and slavery, 522, 528–30
and territory status, 701
and the Treaty of Paris, 112
and the War of 1812, 686
and western settlement, 359
Missouri crisis, 526, 737
Missouri River, 376, 379
Missouri Territory, 701
Mitchill, Samuel L.: and commerce, 322, 325
on distilling, 339
and expansionism, 375
and medicine, 725
and national identity, 41
and race issues, 540
on suicide rates, 335
and urban renewal, 390
Mobile, Alabama, 376, 656, 696
Mobile Act, 374
mobilization, political, 282, 306
model treaty, 191, 272
Modern Chivalry (Brackenridge), 220
monarchical power: and Adams, 215–16
and American cultural independence, 737
and class divisions, 31
and elective monarchy, 74–75
and the Federalist Party, 54–55, 72–73, 276
and the First Congress, 55–58
and freemasonry, 53
and the French Wars, 187
and Hamilton, 92–93
and honor codes, 159
and international commerce, 630
and Jefferson, 154–55
and Marshall, 438
and mercantilism, 633
and North-South tensions, 146
and partisan conflict, 269, 271
and patriarchy, 345
and presidential protocols, 81–82
and Shippen, 6
and taxation, 172
and war, 189
and Washington, 74–85
monetary policy, 18–19, 93, 95–103, 141–42, 294, 297–98, 692
monopolies, 460, 461, 461n78
Monroe, James: and the Baltimore riots, 338
and black resettlement plans, 540
and Democratic-Republican Societies, 204
and diplomacy, 204–5, 205–6
and the 1800 election, 285
and the 1804 election, 313
and expansionism, 358
and the Floridas, 374–75
and the French Revolution, 177
and honor codes, 236–37
and international commerce, 640
and the Louisiana Purchase, 369, 371
and Marshall, 435
and the Mazzei letter, 236
and military policy, 196
and national capital negotiations, 143
and newspapers, 258
and the Non-Importation Act, 644–45
and patronage, 300
and political campaigning, 62
and slavery, 231, 536, 734
and social changes, 702
and state legislature, 269
and Taylor, 267
and territorial disputes, 113
and trade disputes, 666, 670
and the War of 1812, 676, 691–92
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de, 8, 159, 401, 407, 708
Montgomery, Richard, 230
Monthly Anthology, 603, 643
Monticello, 514–15, 736
Moore, Thomas, 291
Moral Society of the County of Columbia, 488
Mormonism, 317, 600, 611–12
Morocco, 192, 634, 635, 638
Morris, Gouverneur: and class divisions, 316
and corporate charters, 465
and the federal judiciary, 419–20
and Hamilton, 92
and Marshall, 425
and mass political engagement, 21
and perceptions of democracy, 718
and political parties, 307
and the three-fifths clause, 532
Morris, Robert: and Brackenridge, 221
and Findley, 218–19
and the First Congress, 57
and land speculation, 118, 201
and monetary policy, 152
and personal finances, 233
and Washington’s reelection, 157
Morrow, Jeremiah, 364
Morse, Jedidiah: on American climate, 387–88
and the arts, 560
and conspiracy theories, 244
and Enlightenment ideals, 722
and fighting tradition, 328
and millennial beliefs, 617
and religion, 602–3
and the Republican Party, 168
and social hierarchy, 105
Morse, Samuel F. B., 564, 572
Mount Vernon, 511
muckraking, 258. See also newspapers
press
mulattos, 514
municipal governments, 466–67
murder, 334–35, 335–36
Murray, John R., 568
Murray, Judith Sargent, 128, 500–501, 506, 563
Murray, William Vans, 272
museums, 556–57
music, 548, 601
Muslims, 584, 635
Napoleon Bonaparte:
abdication, 689, 701
and the arts, 571
and Battle of Austerlitz, 621–22
<
br /> and Battle of Trafalgar, 645–46
and British naval power, 642
and conflict with France, 240
and control of Louisiana, 367
and the Embargo Act, 650, 654
and the Floridas, 375
and the Louisiana Purchase, 368–69, 371
and the Non-Intercourse Act, 664, 665
and slave revolts, 537
and trade disputes, 667
and Treaty of Mortefontaine, 181
and war with Britain, 648
Narragansett Indians, 516
Narragansett Planters, 516
Nassau (steam ferry), 483
National Anthem, 691
national banks, 98, 281, 692. See also Bank of the United States (BUS)
national capital, 143–45. See also Federal City
Washington, D. C.
National Convention, 659
National Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving, 584–85
national debt, 95–97, 140–41, 193, 298–301
National Gazette, 151, 161, 177
National Intelligencer, 651, 690–91, 720
National Road, 482
nationalism: and aristocracy, 78–79
and Declaration of Independence, 641
and diplomacy, 622
and education, 469
and Hamilton, 103–10
and international commerce, 630
and Jefferson-Madison relationship, 148
and the Jeffersonian revolution, 301–2
and the Louisiana Purchase, 371
and Madison, 62, 148
and national identity, 37, 40–42, 103–10
and Randolph, 423
and trade disputes, 668, 670
and the War of 1812, 4, 696–700, 732
and Washington’s retirement, 207
and the Whiskey Rebellion, 136–37
Native Americans: and the British, 648–49
Buffon on, 387
and cultural development, 42
and the Declaration of Independence, 9
and Enlightenment principles, 4
and immigration, 39
and international commerce, 194
and Jefferson, 394
and the Lewis and Clark expedition, 377, 378–79
and Ohio Territory, 2
and the War of 1812, 661, 675–76, 677–79, 686–87
and western settlement, 112, 114, 120–23, 123–33, 132, 200, 316, 359, 385–94. See also specific tribes
Natural History (Buffon), 386–87
naturalization laws, 247–50, 291
Nautilus (prototype submarine), 631
naval power and conflicts: and the Barbary States, 633–39, 696–700
and the Battle of the Nile, 271
and the Battle of the Thames, 686
and the Battle of Trafalgar, 645–46
and blockades, 622, 637, 646, 661, 688
and constitutional issues, 636–37
Cornwallis on, 241
and the Embargo Act, 652–53
and impressment conflict, 641–44
and Jefferson, 285, 292, 293, 299
and the Leopard-Chesapeake affair, 647–48
and neutral rights, 239
and the Quasi-War, 245
and the War of 1812, 672, 680–82, 683, 684–86, 688–89
and western settlement, 358
Navy Department, 245–46, 264
“necessary and proper” clause, 271, 371–72
Nelson, Horatio, 271, 621, 637
neoclassicism, 548, 551, 553–54
Nesbit, Charles, 727
Netherlands, 8, 239, 246, 622–23
neutral shipping rights: and conflicts with Britain, 640, 643–47
and France, 189–92
and Jay’s Treaty, 197
and Jefferson, 622–26
and Madison, 662, 664, 673
and Napoleon, 667
and ship seizures, 239
and the Treaty of Ghent, 695, 697
and the War of 1812, 658
neutrality, 182–85, 187–88, 242, 414, 654, 658
“New Army,” 263, 267, 268
New Divinity Calvinists, 603, 614
New England: and carrying trade, 624–25
and civil society, 486
and education, 471
and European customs, 48
and federal patronage, 110
and judicial review, 455
and the Louisiana Purchase, 370
and Madison’s reelection, 683
and market economics, 322–23, 324n23, 326
and political parties, 169
and religion, 579
and slavery, 537
and territorial disputes, 113
and trade disputes, 668–69
and the War of 1812, 660, 661, 693, 694
New England Palladium, 602
New Hampshire: and alcohol, 340
and bar standards, 454
colonial assembly, 16
and corporate charters, 464, 465
and family structure, 500
and religion, 583, 591
and roads, 482
and slavery, 520
and the War of 1812, 661
New Hampshire Bill of Rights, 493
New Israelites, 600
New Jersey: and judicial review, 443
and Madison’s reelection, 683
and penal reform, 494
and religion, 583
and slavery, 516, 520
and suffrage expansions, 302
and the three-fifths clause, 532
and women’s rights, 507
New Light Presbyterians, 581–82
New Light Separate Baptists, 588
New Orleans, Louisiana: and the Embargo Act, 656
Jefferson on, 277, 389–90
and the Louisiana Purchase, 368–69
and multiculturalism, 374
and population growth, 706
and religion, 593
and slavery, 201, 529
Spanish control, 113
and the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 366
and the War of 1812, 689
and western settlement, 359
New Orleans (steamboat), 483
New Testament, 611
New York: and Burr, 282
as capital, 77
and education, 471, 716
and the federal judiciary, 412
and federal patronage, 110
and the First Congress, 57
and freed slaves, 541–42
and Hamilton, 90
and judicial review, 443
and judiciary, 402
and penal reform, 494
and population growth, 56, 316
and public authority, 467
and public education, 472, 474
and roads, 481
and slavery, 520
and the War of 1812, 690
New York City, 40, 104, 335–36, 520, 593, 706
New York City Hotel, 347
New-York Historical Society, 477
New York Missionary Society, 490
New York Supreme Court, 454
Newport, Rhode Island, 517
newspapers: and banking, 295
and cultural advancement, 550
and the 1800 election, 284–85
and the Federalists’ decline, 305
and Hamilton-Adams feud, 274–75
and honor codes, 238
and Jefferson-Hamilton conflict, 154, 155–56
and judicial review, 447
and military power, 264
and North-South tensions, 146
and partisanship, 150–51, 256, 268, 307–8
and Peck, 225–26
and popular culture, 732
and population growth, 317
and the postal service, 479
and public opinion, 250–56
and the Quasi-War, 245
and social reforms, 475
and western settlement, 364
&nbs
p; Nez Percé Indians, 380
Niagara Falls, 722–23
Nicholas, John, 242, 440, 522
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, 669
Niles, Hezekiah, 670, 708
Niles’ Weekly Register, 2, 716
Ninth Amendment, 70–71
Nisbet, Charles, 343
Non-Importation Act, 644, 649–50, 667, 689
Non-Intercourse Act, 664–70, 684
Nootka Sound controversy, 366, 414
Norfolk, Virginia, 104, 277
North Africa, 634
North American Review, 394, 569, 721, 729
North Carolina: and the Bill of Rights, 69
and corporate charters, 464–65
and electoral representation, 530
and the First Congress, 57
and inheritance laws, 498
and judicial review, 443
and the judiciary, 402
and population growth, 164
and ratification of the Constitution, 36
and religion, 583, 599–600
and separatist movements, 115
and slavery, 165, 526
North-South tensions, 3, 145, 155
Northern Federalists, 327
Northern Republicans: and class divisions, 171, 216–17, 351
and Democratic-Republican Societies, 718
and the French Revolution, 179
and Madison, 683
and market economics, 353
and Morse, 168
and newspapers, 254
and state governments, 268
Northwest Territory: and Astor, 382
and Britain, 15, 112–13, 129–30, 131–33, 194, 197, 200, 367, 648–49, 661
governor, 86
and the Lewis and Clark expedition, 378
and Native Americans, 123, 125–26, 129–30, 131–33, 194, 397, 661, 675–76, 727
and the Northwest Ordinance, 121–22, 362, 363–64, 472, 583
and settlers, 359, 361–65
and slavery, 508
and the War of 1812, 679, 688
Norton, Andrews, 569, 572–73
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 19, 248, 391, 539–40, 585–86, 627, 705
Nova Scotia, 375
nullification, 269–70, 446
oath of office, 64n35, 436
The Oath of the Horatii (David), 12
Ohio: and common law, 426, 431
and the Northwest Territory, 362
and population growth, 2, 316–17
and religion, 597, 605
and slavery, 541
and statehood, 701
and the War of 1812, 661
and western settlement, 363–64, 364–66
Ohio Company, 117, 119
Old House of Representatives (Morse), 564
Old Northwest, 131, 359, 361, 364, 695
Old South, 364–65, 605–7
Old Southwest, 361, 364–65
oligarchy, 530
“On the Equality of the Sexes” (Murray), 500
On the Imitation of the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks (Winckelmann), 551
Oneida Indians, 124
opinion seriatim, 437, 437n10
oratory, 475–76
Ordinance of 1784, 116, 121
Oregon Country, 367
Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Thwaites), 381n56
Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 Page 100
