by Alan Furst
“Well? ” she repeated. “Don’t tell me you have no opinion of the man. I won’t believe you.”
They were in her living room, a typical Parisian concoction of rich red draperies, silk pillows, naked gold women holding ebony-shaded lamps above their heads, and little things-ashtrays, onyx inkwells, ivory boxes, Galle bottles, and porcelain bull terriers-on every shelf and table. Szara kept his elbows jammed well against his sides.
“Young,” he said.
“Younger than you.”
“Yes.”
“Brilliant, my dear comrade.”
“Glib.”
“Boof!” she said, a Gallic explosion of incredulous air. “But how can you be like this? Measured any way you like, brilliant. Against the norm? Genius. Recall the Russian operative who went to London last year, pockets just stuffed with British pounds. He is there two days, ventures from his hotel for the first time. Persuaded by Soviet propaganda, he actually believes that the English working classes are so poor they wear paper shoes. He suddenly spies a shop window full of leather shoes, not at all expensive. Ah-ha, says he, my lucky day, and buys ten pair. Then, at another store, look, they too have shoes today! He thinks his dear departed mother is sending down gifts from heaven. Again, ten pair. And so on, until the poor soul had over a hundred pairs of shoes, no money for party work, and the MI5 surveillance team is practically rolling on the pavement. Just wait and see what some of our people can do, then you’ll change your tune.”
Szara pretended to be slightly abashed. He was the new boy in the office, he had to make a decent impression, but he’d known Goldman’s type before: a genius all right, a genius for self-advancement. “I suppose you’re right,” he said amiably.
Friday, the last week in April, in a warm, gentle rain that shone on the spring leaves of the boulevard trees, Szara booked a telephone call to Marta Haecht’s magazine office in Berlin.
Twenty minutes later he canceled it.
The gospel according to Abramov: “Look, you can never be sure what they know about you, just as they can never be sure what we know about them. In times of peace, the services do two things in particular, they watch and they wait. This is a war of invisibility, fought with invisible weapons: information, numbers, wireless/telegraph transmissions, social acquaintance, political influence, entree to certain circles, knowledge of industrial production or infantry morale. So, show me an infantry morale. You can’t. It’s intangible.
“Counterintelligence operations are the most invisible of all. The people who run them don’t want to neutralize their opponents- not right away. Some boss is screaming stop it! stop it! and his operatives are pleading no. We want to see what they do. For you it means this: you have to assume you have typhoid, you’re infectious, and anyone you meet or know gets the disease. Whether this meeting is innocent or not, they must fall under suspicion if a third party is watching. You wonder why we recruit friends, family, lovers? We might as well-they’re going to be considered guilty anyhow.”
The seed Abramov planted in Moscow grew a frightful garden in Paris. It grew in Szara’s imagination, where it took the form of a voice: a quiet, resourceful voice, cultured, sure of itself, German-speaking. It was the voice of presumed surveillance, and when Szara contemplated something foolish, like a telephone call to Germany, it spoke to him. 28 April. 16:25. SZARA (the flat, official format would be similar to DUBOK‘s file and Szara imagined the German officer to be not unlike the author of the Okhrana dossier) telephones MARTA HAECHT at Berlin 45.633; conversation recorded and currently under analysis for code or Aesopian language.
Aesopian language suggested reality with symbolism or implication. Are you still studying French? I sent you a card from Paris- did you receive it? I’m writing a story about the workers who built the Gare du Nord. I don’t know where the time goes, I have to finish the piece by noon on the fourth of May.
It fooled nobody.
Even if the voice did not yet speak, Szara feared discovery. By 1938, Germany had been converted into a counterespionage state. Every patriotic German took it as his or her duty to inform the authorities of any suspicious behavior, denunciation had become a national mania-strangers visited them, a curious sound from their basement, a printing press?
Of course he considered using the network for communication. This would either evade all suspicion or end in absolute tragedy. A lover’s choice, nyet? Passion or death. They had described to him the details of what the Gestapo actually did, kaschumbo, whips soaked in pails of water. The idea of exposing her to that …
He worked.
The Parisian spring flared to life-one hot morning and all the women were dressed in yellow and green, on the cafe terraces people laughed at nothing in particular, aromas drifted through the open doors of bistros where the owner’s briard flopped by the cash register, a paw over its nose, dreaming fitfully of stock bones and cheese rinds.
The OPAL network was run from a three-story building near the quais of the canal Saint-Martin and the canal de l’Ourcq, at the tattered edge of the nineteenth arrondissement where the streets around the Porte de Pantin turned to narrow roads leading into the villages of Pantin and Bobigny. A pulsating, sleepless quartier, home to the city’s slaughterhouses as well as the stylish restaurants of the avenue Jean-Jaures, where partygoing swells often ventured at dawn to eat fillet of beef baked in honey and avoid the tourists and taxi drivers down at Les Halles. Paris put things out there she wasn’t sure whether she wanted or not-the Hippodrome where they held bicycle races and boxing matches, an infamous maison close where elaborate exhibitions could be arranged. In spring and fall, fog rose from the canal in the evening, the blue neon sign of the Hotel du Nord glowed mysteriously, slaughterhouse workers and bargemen drank marc in the cafes. In short, a quartier that worked all night long and asked no questions, a place where the indefatigable snooping of the average Parisian wasn’t particularly welcome.
The house at 8, rue Delesseux was crumbling brown brick like the rest of the neighborhood, dirty and dark and smelling like a pissoir. But it could be entered through a street-level door, through a rear entrance to the tabac that occupied its tiny commercial space, or through an alley strewn with rags and broken glass that ran at an angle to the rue des Ardennes. It was handy to barges, a cemetery, a park, nameless village lanes, a sports arena, restaurants crowded with people-just about every sort of place that operatives liked to use.
The top floor of the house provided living and working space for the OPAL encipherer and wireless/telegraph operator, work name Francois, true name M. K. Kranov, an “illegal” with Danish passport, suspected to hold NKVD officer rank and, likely, the apparat spy reporting secretly to Moscow on the activities and personnel of the network.
On the second floor lived “Odile,” Jeanne de Kouvens, the network’s courier who serviced both Goldman in Brussels and the networks in Germany, the latter a twice-monthly run into Berlin under the pretext of caring for a nonexistent mother. Odile was Belgian, a tough nineteen-year-old with two children and a philandering husband, not a bit beautiful but violently sexy, her hair cut in a short, mannish cap-the street kid look-her cleft chin, swollen upper lip, tip-tilted nose, and indomitable eyes tossing a challenge at any man in the immediate vicinity. Her husband, a working-class fop with bushy, fin de siecle muttonchop whiskers, ran a portable merry-go-round that circulated through the neighborhood squares of Paris. The tabac on the ground floor was served by Odile’s brother, twenty years older than she, who had been wounded at Ypres and walked with the aid of two canes. He spent his days and nights on a stool behind the counter, selling Gitanes and Gauloises, Metro tickets and postage stamps, lottery chances, pencils, commemorative key rings, and more, an astonishing assortment of stuff, to a steady trickle of customers who created camouflage for operatives entering and leaving the house.
The Moscow Directorate had shuffled assignments to make life a little easier for Szara, putting Schau-Wehrli in charge of the three German networks, HENRI, MOCHA
, and RAVEN, which left him with SILO, assigned to attack elements of the German community in Paris, and Dr. Julius Baumann.
Spring died early that year, soft rains came and went, the sky turned its fierce French blue only rarely, a mean little wind arrived at dusk and blew papers around the cobbled streets. The end of April was generally admitted to be triste, only the surrealists liked such unhappy weather, then summer came before anybody was really ready for it. The rising temperature seemed to drive the politicians further from sanity than usual.
Nobody could agree about anything: the Socialists had blocked a rearmament program in March, then the Foreign Office claimed the French commitment to Czechoslovakia to be “indisputable and sacred.” One senator pleaded for pacifism in the morning, called for preservation of the national honor in the afternoon, then sued the newspaper that described him as ambivalent. Meanwhile, senior civil servants demanded things of their mistresses that caused them to raise their eyebrows when they had their girlfriends in for coffee. Nobody was comfortable: the rich found their sheets scratchy and carelessly ironed, the poor thought their frites tasted of fish oil.
On the top floor of the house at 8, rue Delesseux, the afternoons grew hot as the sun beat on the roof; the dusty window shades were never raised, no air stirred, and Kranov worked at a large table with his shirt off. He was a small, sullen man with curly hair and Slavic features who seemed, to Szara, to do nothing but work. All OPAL transmissions, incoming and outgoing, were based on one-time pads, encrypted into five-digit numerical groups, then transformed-using a changing mathematical key and “false” addition (5 + 0 = 0)-by a second encryption. Brief, pro forma transmissions were fleshed out with null groups to avoid the type of message that had always been the cryptanalyst’s point of attack. From Egyptian times to the present, the phrase used to break codes never varied: nothing new to report today.
Szara usually slipped into the house at night. In Kranov’s transmitting room a blanket was nailed across the window, a tiny lamp used for illumination. Swirls of cigarette smoke hung in the air. Kranov’s fingers jittered on the telegraph key, the dots and dashes flowing through the ether to a code clerk on Dzerzhinsky Square in Moscow:
91464 22571 83840 75819 11501
On other frequencies, a French captain in the Naval Intelligence section at Sfax, on the Tunisian coast, requested Paris to approve additional funds for Informant 22, the third secretary of the Czechoslovakian embassy in Vienna reported on private meetings held by the Sudeten leader Henlein with German diplomats in the spa town of Karlsbad, the Polish service in Warsaw asked an operative in Sofia to ascertain the whereabouts of the priest JOSEF. All night long the W/T operators played their pianos, not only for the Rote Kapelle, but in a hundred orchestras performing for scores of espionage Konzertmeisters from a dozen countries. Szara could hear it. Kranov let him put the earphones on and turn the dial. It was a theater of sound, pitched treble or bass, quick-fingered or deliberate, an order to liquidate an informer or a request for the local weather forecast. Sometimes crackling with the static of an electrical storm in the Dolomites or the Carpathians, sometimes clear as a crystal chime, the nightlong symphony of numbers flew through the darkened heavens.
If there was no critical/immediate signal, Kranov broke out Moscow’s transmissions after he woke from a few hours’ sleep. Szara fancied it a kind of critical daylight that inevitably followed the coded mysteries of the night. Slowly, as May turned to June, and the sweat soaked through Kranov’s undershirt in the morning heat, Szara began to gain a sharper appreciation of the interplay between OPAL and its masters, the simply phrased requests for information and the terse responses now resolved to a dialogue from which the mood of the Directorate could be read.
Moscow was restless. It had been so from the beginning. Abramov, sacrificing information in the hope of enforcing discipline, had let Szara know just exactly what he would be dealing with. Emphatically not Nezhenko-or any editor. Both Abramov and his khvost rival Dershani sat on the OPAL Directorate, as did Lyuba Kurova, a brilliant student in neuropathology in the years before the revolution, a ruthless Chekist in Lenin’s terror campaign, now, in her forties, a friend of Poskrebyshev, Stalin’s personal secretary; also Boris Grund, an apparatchik, an experienced technician, and a majority voter in every instance, and Vitaly Mezhin, at thirty-six years of age quite young for the work, a member of the generation of “little Stalins” who crept into the power vacuum created by the purge, as the Big Stalin intended them to do. “If you willfully disobey an order,” Abramov said, “this is who you disobey.”
Szara now saw that Dr. Baumann made them uncomfortable: (1) He was a Jew in Germany, his future gravely insecure. (2) His motives were unknown. (3) His product was crucial. Szara could imagine them, seated at a table covered with a green baize cloth, flimsies of decrypted signals arranged at every place, smoking nervously at their stubby Troika cigarettes, speaking so very carefully, conscious of nuance in themselves and others, groping toward a protective consensus.
Swage wire figures for January, February, March, and April received, projections from orders on hand for May. Case officer asked to obtain listing of company personnel, especially in accounting office. Characterize: age, political affiliation, cultural level. They clearly wanted Baumann to get to work finding his own replacement. It was up to Szara to find some sort of honey to make him swallow that pill.
Of course they wanted more than that-Dershani in particular thought Baumann ought to be pumped dry, the quicker the better. He must know other subcontractors-who were they? Could they be approached? If so, how? What were their vulnerabilities? Then too-Mezhin now took his turn, you didn’t want to be a wilting flower in this crowd-what of his association with senior officers of Rheinmetall? Might there not be something for them in that? Boris Grund thought this line productive. And what was Baumann paying for austenitic steel? Grund said his pals downstairs in the Economic Section were starving for such information, maybe we should toss them a bone.
Kurova didn’t like the dead-drop. They’d gotten the Baumanns to buy a dog, a year-old schnauzer they named Ludwig, so that Baumann could be out on the street at night and use a stone wall near his house as a mailbox. This brought Odile, in a maid’s uniform, into the neighborhood two or three times a month to drop off mail and collect a response. A bent nail in a telephone pole was used as a signal: head turned up told Baumann to collect, head turned down confirmed that his deposit had been picked up. All according to standard form and practice, Kurova acknowledged. But Germans were naturally curious, they stared out their windows, and they had an insatiable appetite for detail. Why does Dr. Baumann reach behind the stone in Herr Bleiwert’s wall? Look how poor little Ludwig wants only to play. Kurova just didn’t like it. Both operatives were too much in the open.
Dershani agreed. What about a restaurant, something in the industrial neighborhood where the wire mill was located?
Abramov thought not. As a Jew, Baumann’s activities were limited-he couldn’t just go to a restaurant. This would be noticed.
The factory, then, Mezhin offered. Best of all, could they reach the engineer Haecht, who would, according to Szara, be nominally in control of the business as new anti-Jewish statutes were promulgated. They looked in their dossiers. They had a blurry photograph of Haecht, taken by an officer from the Berlin embassy. University records. Exemplar of handwriting. Inventory of family: wife Ilse, son Albert a pharmaceutical salesman, daughter Hedwig married to an engineer in Dortmund, daughter Marta an assistant art editor at a literary magazine.
Literary magazine? Perhaps a friend of ours, Dershani wondered idly.
Perhaps, Kurova admitted, but nice German girls don’t go to factories.
Slow and easy, Abramov counseled, we don’t want to create a panic.
This is no time for caution, Dershani said.
That was true.
Baumann’s product was crucial. They had other sources of information on the German aircraft industry, but none that deter
mined the numbers quite so exactly. The Directorate that handled the product coming in from Burgess and Philby and others in Great Britain confirmed the OPAL Directorate’s hypotheses, as did sources in the French services. The German industrial machine was building a nightmare.
Baumann had shipped 14,842 feet of swage wire in October; this meant a monthly bomber production rate of 31 planes. From there they could project, using range and load factors already in their possession. The German bomber force as constituted in a theoretical month-May of 1939, for instance-would be able to fly 720 sorties in a single day against European targets and deliver 945 tons of bombs, causing a projected 50 casualties per ton-a total of almost 50,000 casualties in a twenty-four-hour period. A million casualties every three weeks.
And the USSR, Great Britain, and France were in absolute harmony on one basic assumption: the bomber would always get through. Yes, antiaircraft fire and fighter planes would take their toll, but simply could not cause sufficient damage to bring the numbers down.
The Russians, using their British spies, had followed with interest developments in British strategic thinking in the last month of 1937. The RAF experts had urged building up the British aircraft industry to deliver heavy bombers to match the German numbers, ultimately to create a counterweight of terror: you destroy our cities, we’ll destroy yours. But the cabinet had overruled them. Said Sir Thomas Inskip: “The role of our air force is not an early knockout blow … but to prevent the Germans from knocking us out.” This was not the usual thinking, but the cabinet, in the end, had determined the defensive system a better option, and British industry began to build fighters instead of bombers.
