Tobin, Harold J. and Masa Kinoshita. “NanTroSEIZE: The IODP Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment.” Scientific Drilling, 2 (2006).
Kinoshita, Masataka, et al. “The Seismogenic Zone Experiment.” Oceanography, 19 (2006): 28-38.
Wilcock, William et al. “The deployment of a long-term seafloor seismic network on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.” Oceans, 2007.
Lubick, Naomi. “Danger Zones.” Nature 476 (2011): 391-2.
Yagi, Yuji. “Enhance ocean-floor observation, in Rebuilding Seismology.” Nature, 473 (2011): 147-8.
Newman, Andrew V. “Hidden depths.” Nature, 474 (2011): 441-3.
Scherwath, Martin et al. “Seafloor seismometers monitor Northern Cascadia earthquakes.” EOS. 92 (2011): 421-40.
Okada, Tomomi et al. “Shallow inland earthquakes in NE Japan possibly triggered by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake.” Earth Planets Space, 63 (2011): 749-54.
Miyazaki, Shin’ichi, Jeffrey J. McGuire and Paul Segall. “Seismic and aseismic fault slip before and during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake.” Earth Planets Space, 63 (2011): 637-42.
Nishimura, Takuya, Hiroshi Munekane and Hiroshi Yarai. “The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and its aftershocks observed by GEONET.” Earth Planets Space, 63 (2011): 631-6.
Kerr, Richard. “New work reinforces megaquake’s harsh lessons in geoscience.” Science, 332 (2011): 911.
Lay, Thorne and Hiroo Kanamori. “Insights from the great 2011 Japan earthquake.” Physics Today, 2011.
Sato, Mariko et al. “Displacement above the hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.” Science, 332 (2011): 1395.
Monastersky, Richard. “Tsunami forecasting: The next wave.” Nature, 483 (2012): 144-6.
Kanamori, Hiroo. “Putting seismic research to most effective use.” Nature, 483 (2012): 147-8.
Kerr, Richard A. “A tantalizing view of what set off Japan’s killer quake.” Science, 335 (2012): 272.
Kato, Aitaro et al. “Propagation of slow slip leading up to the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.” Science, 335 (2012): 705-8.
For background on the L’Aquila earthquake and trial: Jordan, Tom, and John Vidale, conversations with author.
Hall, Stephen S. “At Fault?” Nature, 477 (2011): 264-69.
Ropeik, David, “The L’Aquila verdict: A judgment not against science, but against a failure of science communication,” Scientific American (blog), October 22, 2012, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2012/10/22/the-laquila-verdict-a-judgment-not-against-science-but-against-a-failure-of-science-communication, January 2013.
Jordan, T.H. “Lessons of L’Aquila for operational earthquake forecasting.” Seismological Research Letters, 84 (2013): 1-4.
For information on earthquake early warning:
Jordan, Thomas H. and Lucile M. Jones. “Operational earthquake forecasting: Some thoughts on why and how.” Seismological Research Letters, 81 (2010): 571-4.
Allen, Richard, “The essential lessons from the Japan earthquake for the U.S.,” Scientific American (blog), March 12, 2011.
Hoshiba, Mitsuyuki et al. “Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake—Earthquake early warning and observed seismic intensity.” Earth Planets Space, 63 (2011): 547-51.
Vidale, John. “Earthquake early warning in the PNW,” Seismo Blog, 2011, www.pnsn.org/blog/2011/12/01/earthquake-early-warning-in-the-pnw, January 2013.
Allen, Richard. “Seconds before the big one.” Scientific American, 2011.
Allen, Richard M. and Alon Ziv. “Application of real-time GPS to earthquake early warning.” Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (2011): L16310.
“BART installs quake early-warning system,” The Associated Press, September 28, 2012.
CHAPTER 14: INSCRUTABLE, INEVITABLE
Witt, James Lee, Peter Yanev, and Ian Madin, conversations with author.
McCarthy, Francis X. and Natalie Keegan. “FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program: Overview and Issues.” Congressional Research Service 7-5700, RL34537, 2009.
ProtectingAmerica, http://www.protectingamerica.org/, January 2013.
Witt, James Lee and James M. Loy, “U.S. needs a disaster insurance fund,” Newsday, March 31, 2011.
For quake impact estimates: “Washington State Emergency Management Council: Seismic Safety Committee,” Resilient Washington State, November 2012, http://www.emd.wa.gov/about/SeismicSafetyCommittee.shtml, February, 2013.
“Draft Analytical Baseline Study for the Cascadia Earthquake and Tsunami.” Department of Homeland Security, National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center. 2011.
RESOURCES
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
FEMA, http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes.
“What to do in an Earthquake,” California Department of Conservation, http://www.consrv.ca.gov/index/Earthquakes/Pages/qh_earthquakes_what.aspx.
“Are you prepared?,” 72 hours.org, http://72hours.org/.
“Preparedness,” Washington State Emergency Management Division, http://www.emd.wa.gov/preparedness/prep_index.shtml.
The Great Washington ShakeOut, http://www.shakeout.org/washington.
EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE, STORIES, AND IMPACTS
Yeats, Robert S. Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, second edition. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2004.
Musson, Roger. The Million Death Quake: The Science of Predicting Earth’s Deadliest Natural Disaster. New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2012.
Thompson, Jerry. Cascadia’s Fault: The Coming Earthquake and Tsunami that could Devastate North America. Berkeley: Counterpoint Press, 2011.
Nance, John J. On Shaky Ground. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1988
Sieh, Kerry and Simon LeVay. The Earth in Turmoil: Earthquakes, Volcanoes and their Impacts on Humankind. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1999.
For magnitude comparisons:
“Earthquake size comparison calculator,” USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/how_much_bigger.php.
RESOURCES ON TSUNAMI
“Oregon tsunami inundation maps and evacuation,” Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, (brochure), http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/earthquakes/coastal/Tsumapsbycity.htm.
“Washington tsunami inundation maps and evacuation,” Washington Department of Natural Resources, (brochure), http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/GeologicHazardsMapping/Pages/tsunamis.aspx.
“California tsunami inundation maps,” California Department of Conservation, http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Statewide_Maps.aspx.
“British Columbia tsunami notification zones,” Emergency Management B.C., http://embc.gov.bc.ca/em/hazard_preparedness/Tsunami_Preparedness_Information.html.
SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS
“USGS Seismic Hazard Mapping Project,” USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/.
For buildings and bridges:
“Seismic Retrofit Program,” WSDOT, http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Bridge/Reporting/SeismicRetrofitProgram.htm.
“Unreinforced Masonry Buildings,” City of Seattle, http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/Emergency/UnreinforcedMasonry/Buildings/default.asp.
IMAGE CREDITS
map1.1 North America Map © 2013 Digital Vector Maps
itr.1 Map by Guillaume Del’Isle, from University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections Division, UW23622z
1.1 U.S. Geological Survey
1.2 U.S. Geological Survey
1.3 U.S. Geological Survey / The Orphan Tsunami of 1700
2.1 Roy D. Hyndman; Reproduced with permission from Natural Resources Canada, courtesy of the Geological Survey of Canada
2.2 U.S. Geological Survey
2.3 U.S. Geological Survey
2.4 U.S. Geological Survey
3.1 Satake et al, 2003. JGR 108:2325
3.2 Brian Atwater, U.S. Geological Survey
4.1 Adams, Jo
hn. 1990. Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia Subduction Zone: Evidence from turbidites off the Oregon-Washington margin. Tectonics, 9:569-583. Reproduced with permission from Natural Resources Canada, courtesy of the Geological Survey of Canada
4.2 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries
6.1 Puget Sound Lidar Consortium
6.2 Mark Nowlin, The Seattle Times
7.1 Carmen Dybdahl and Fred Matamoros
8.1 U.S. Geological Survey
9.1 U.S. Geological Survey / The Orphan Tsunami of 1700
10.1 A.E. Murlin, USGS
13.1 Tim Melbourne, Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array, Central Washington University
13.2 Courtesy of Ocean Observatories Initiative Regional Scale Nodes program and the Center for Environmental Visualization, University of Washington
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
SANDI DOUGHTON is an award-winning science reporter for The Seattle Times. She has been covering earthquake research in the Pacific Northwest for more than twenty years. She lives in West Seattle, not far from the Seattle Fault.
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