by Naomi Klein
86. Jim Paulin and Carey Restino, “Shell Rig Grounds off Kodiak,” Bristol Bay Times, January 4, 2013.
87. “SINGLE ENGINEER”: Bruce Campbell, “Lac-Mégantic: Time for an Independent Inquiry,” Toronto Star, February 27, 2014; UNTIL THE 1980s: personal interview with Ron Kaminkow, general secretary, Railroad Workers United, January 29, 2014; “CUTTING”: Julian Sher, “Lac Megantic: Railway’s History of Cost-Cutting,” Toronto Star, July 11, 2013; “OFTEN DON’T TEST”: Grant Robertson, “Fiery North Dakota Train Derailment Fuels Oil-Shipping Fears,” Globe and Mail, December 30, 2013; NORTH DAKOTA: Daniella Silva, “Mile-Long Train Carrying Crude Oil Derails, Explodes in North Dakota,” NBC News, December 30, 2013; NEW BRUNSWICK: Solarina Ho, “Train Carrying Oil Derails, Catches Fire in New Brunswick, Canada,” Reuters, January 8, 2014; VIRGINIA: Selam Gebrekidan, “CSX Train Carrying Oil Derails in Virginia in Fiery Blast,” Reuters, April 30, 2014.
88. Charlie Savage, “Sex, Drug Use and Graft Cited in Interior Department,” New York Times, September 10, 2008.
89. “Americans Less Likely to Say 18 of 19 Industries Are Honest and Trustworthy This Year,” Harris Interactive, December 12, 2013; Jeffrey Jones, “U.S. Images of Banking, Real Estate Making Comeback,” Gallup, August 23, 2013; André Turcotte, Michal C. Moore, and Jennifer Winter, “Energy Literacy in Canada,” School of Public Policy SPP Research Papers, Vol. 5, No. 31, October 2012; “How Companies Influence Our Society: Citizens’ View,” TNS Political and Social, European Commission, Flash Eurobarometer 363, April 2013, Q3, p. 25.
90. Sandra Steingraber, “It’s Alive! In Defense of Underground Organisms,” Orion Magazine, January/ February 2012, p. 15.
91. Wendell E. Berry, “It All Turns on Affection,” Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, National Endowment for the Humantities, 2012, http://www.neh.gov.
CHAPTER 10: LOVE WILL SAVE THIS PLACE
1. Rachel Carson, “The Real World Around Us,” speech to Theta Sigma Phi, Columbus, Ohio, 1954, in Lost Woods: The Discovered Writing of Rachel Carson, ed. Linda Lear (Boston: Beacon Press, 1998), 163.
2. Paige Lavender and Corbin Hiar, “Blair Mountain: Protesters March to Save Historic Battlefield,” Huffington Post, June 10, 2011.
3. The largest class of tanker that Northern Gateway plans to use in BC waters has a maximum capacity of 2.2 million barrels of oil, about 74 percent more than the 1,264,155 barrels carried by the Exxon Valdez: “Section 3.9: Ship Specifications,” TERMPOL Surveys and Studies, Northern Gateway Partnership Inc., Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, January 20, 2010, pp. 2–7; “Oil Spill Facts: Questions and Answers,” Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, http://www.evostc.state.ak.us.
4. Jess Housty, “Transformations,” Coast, April 1, 2013.
5. “Protesters Blamed for Cancelled Pipeline Hearing,” CTV News Vancouver, April 2, 2012.
6. Personal email communication with Tyler McCreary, PhD candidate, York University, January 30, 2014.
7. Sheri Young, letter to the Heiltsuk Tribal Council, Heiltsuk Hereditary Chiefs and Heiltsuk Economic Development Corporation on behalf of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project Joint Review Panel, April 2, 2012; Housty, “Transformations”; Alexis Stoymenoff, “Enbridge Northern Gateway Protest in Bella Bella Was ‘Absolutely Peaceful,’ ” Vancouver Observer, April 2, 2012.
8. Housty, “Transformations”; Kai Nagata, “Enbridge Misses Heiltsuk Pipeline Hearings,” The Tyee, July 27, 2012; FOOTNOTE: Ibid.
9. Jess Housty, “At the JRP Final Hearings,” Coast, June 20, 2013.
10. Personal interview with Melachrini Liakou, May 31, 2013.
11. Personal interview with Alexis Bonogofsky, March 27, 2013.
12. Andrew Nikiforuk, Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future of a Continent (Vancouver: Greystone, 2010), 44.
13. Personal interview with Jeff King, June 23, 2011.
14. Luiza Ilie, “Romanian Farmers Choose Subsistence over Shale Gas,” Reuters, October 27, 2013.
15. “Oil Sands Export Ban: BC First Nations Unite to Declare Province-Wide Opposition to Crude Oil Pipeline and Tanker Expansion,” Yinka Dene Alliance, press release, December 1, 2011; “First Nations Gain Powerful New Allies in Fight Against Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline, Tankers,” Yinka Dene Alliance, press release, December 5, 2013; author’s original reporting, December 1, 2011.
16. “Read the Declaration,” Save the Fraser Declaration, Gathering of Nations, savethefraser.ca.
17. Sheila Leggett, Kenneth Bateman, and Hans Matthews, “Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project,” Volume 2, National Energy Board, 2013, pp. 222, 271.
18. “White House Could Cast Decisive Vote to Permit 20,000 Fracking Wells in Delaware River Basin,” Democracy Now!, November 11, 2011; “Natural Gas Development Regulations,” Delaware River Basin Commission, November 8, 2011, p. 19.
19. “High Plains Aquifer Water Quality Currently Acceptable but Human Activities Could Limit Future Use,” U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey, press release, July 16, 2009; “Ogallala Aquifer Initiative,” Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.
20. 2.3 BARRELS: “Oil Sands Water Use” (2013 data), Oil Sands Information Portal, Government of Alberta, http://osip.alberta.ca; CONVENTIONAL CRUDE: “Growth in the Canadian Oil Sands: Finding the New Balance,” IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 2009, pp. III–7; REQUIRES MORE WATER: Trisha A. Smrecak, “Understanding Drilling Technology,” Marcellus Shale no. 6, Paleontological Research Institution, January 2012, p. 3; “70 TO 300 TIMES”: Seth B. Shonkoff, “Public Health Dimensions of Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing: Knowledge, Obstacles, Tactics, and Opportunities,” 11th Hour Project, Schmidt Family Foundation, April 18, 2012, http://www.psr.org; 280 BILLION: Elizabeth Ridlington and John Rumpler, “Fracking by the Numbers: Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level,” Environment America, October 2013, p. 4. http://www.environmentamerica.org; “ENOUGH TO FLOOD”: Suzanne Goldenberg, “Fracking Produces Annual Toxic Water Enough to Flood Washington DC,” Guardian, October 4, 2013.
21. Monika Freyman, “Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers,” Ceres, February 2014, pp. 49–50, 59–63; David Smith, “Proposed Fracking in South Africa Beauty Spot Blasted,” Guardian, August 23, 2013; “Hydraulic Fracturing and the Karoo,” Shell South Africa, July 2012, http://www.shell.com/zaf.html; “Tampering with the Earth’s Breath” (video), Green Renaissance, Vimeo, May 11, 2011.
22. Ilie, “Romanian Farmers Choose Subsistence over Shale Gas.”
23. Personal interview with Anni Vassiliou, June 1, 2013.
24. Marion W. Howard, Valeria Pizarro, and June Marie Mow, “Ethnic and Biological Diversity Within the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve,” International Journal of Island Affairs 13 (2004): 113; “Caribbean Archipelago Spared from Oil Drilling,” Rainforest Rescue, June 21, 2012, http://www.rainforest-rescue.org; FOOTNOTE: “Nicaragua Files New Claim Against Colombia over San Andres,” BBC, September 16, 2013.
25. “Victories,” Beyond Coal, Sierra Club, http://content.sierraclub.org; Mary Anne Hitt, “Protecting Americans from Power Plant Pollution,” Sierra Club, September 17, 2013; “Proposed Coal Plant Tracker,” Beyond Coal, Sierra Club, http://contentsierraclub.org.
26. James E. Casto, “Spokesmen for Coal Blast EPA Regulatory Mandates,” State Journal (West Virginia), November 15, 2013.
27. Jeremy van Loon, “Canada’s Oil-Sand Fields Need U.S. Workers, Alberta Minister Says,” Bloomberg News, September 7, 2011; Shawn McCarthy and Richard Blackwell, “Oil Industry Rebuts ‘Trash-Talking’ Celebrity Critics,” Globe and Mail, January 15, 2014.
28. T. S. Sudhir, “After Police Firing, Srikakulam Power Plants Under Review,” NDTV.com, July 16, 2010.
29. Barbara Demick, “Residents of Another South China Town Protest Development Plans,” Los Angeles Times, December 21, 2011; Gillian Wong, “Thousands Protest China Town’s Planned Coal P
lant,” Associated Press, December 20, 2011; Gillian Wong, “Tear Gas Fired at Protesters in China Seaside Town,” Associated Press, December 24, 2011.
30. Personal interview with Li Bo, January 11, 2014
31. “Beijing’s Air Pollution at Dangerously High Levels,” Associated Press, January 16, 2014; Ma Yue, “Alarm System to Close Schools in Severe Smog,” Shanghai Daily, January 16, 2014; “Chinese Anger over Pollution Becomes Main Cause of Social Unrest,” Bloomberg, March 6, 2013, accessed January 29, 2014.
32. Bruce Einhorn, “Why China Is Suddenly Content with 7.5 Percent Growth,” Bloomberg Businessweek, March 5, 2012; “GDP Growth (Annual %),” World Development Indicators, World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org; James T. Areddy and Brian Spegele, “China Chases Renewable Energy as Coast Chokes on Air,” Wall Street Journal, December 6, 2013; Justin Guay, “The Chinese Coal Bubble,” Huffington Post, May 29, 2013; Katie Hunt, “China Faces Steep Climb to Exploit Its Shale Riches,” New York Times, September 30, 2013.
33. Christian Lelong et al., “The Window for Thermal Coal Investment Is Closing,” Goldman Sachs, July 24, 2013; Dave Steves, “Goldman Sachs Bails on Coal Export Terminal Investment,” Portland Tribune, January 8, 2014.
34. “Shale Gas: Member States Need Robust Rules on Fracking, Say MEPs,” European Parliament, press release, November 21, 2012.
35. Andrea Schmidt, “Heirs of Anti-Apartheid Movement Rise Up,” Al Jazeera, December 15, 2013.
36. Naomi Klein, “Time for Big Green to Go Fossil Free,” The Nation, May 1, 2013; “Commitments,” Fossil Free, 350.org, http://gofossilfree.org; “Stanford to Divest from Coal Companies,” Stanford University, press release, May 6, 2014.
37. “Harvard University Endowment Earns 11.3% Return for Fiscal Year,” Harvard Gazette, September 24, 2013; Andrea Schmidt, “Heirs of Anti-Apartheid Movement Rise Up,” Al Jazeera, December 15, 2013; Mark Brooks, “Banking on Divestment,” Alternatives Journal, November 2013.
38. Mark Brownstein, “Why EDF Is Working on Natural Gas,” Environmental Defense Fund, September 10, 2012.
39. FOOTNOTE: Letter to Fred Krupp from Civil Society Institute, et al., May 22, 2013, http://www.civilsocietyinstitute.org.
40. Ben Casselman, “Sierra Club’s Pro-Gas Dilemma,” Wall Street Journal, December 22, 2009; Bryan Walsh, “How the Sierra Club Took Millions from the Natural Gas Industry—and Why They Stopped,” Time, February 2, 2012; Dave Michaels, “Natural Gas Industry Seeks Greater Role for Power Plants, Vehicles,” Dallas Morning News, September 18, 2009; Sandra Steingraber, “Breaking Up with the Sierra Club,” Orion, March 23, 2012.
41. Felicity Barringer, “Answering for Taking a Driller’s Cash,” New York Times, February 13, 2012; “48 Arrested at Keystone Pipeline Protest as Sierra Club Lifts 120-Year Ban on Civil Disobedience,” Democracy Now!, February 14, 2013; personal email communication with Bob Sipchen, communications director, Sierra Club, April 21, 2014.
42. Robert Friedman, “Tell Your Alma Mater, Fossil Fuel Divestment Just Went Mainstream,” Natural Resources Defense Council, April 30, 2014; Klein, “Time for Big Green to Go Fossil Free.”
43. Andrea Vittorio, “Foundations Launch Campaign to Divest from Fossil Fuels,” Bloomberg, January 31, 2014; “Philanthropy,” Divest-Invest, http://divestinvest.org.
44. “Global 500,” Fortune, 2013, http://fortune.com; Stanley Reed, “Shell Profit Rises 15% but Disappoints Investors,” New York Times, January 31, 2013; Stanley Reed, “Shell Says Quarterly Earnings Will Fall 48%,” New York Times, January 17, 2014.
45. Ibid.
46. “Notice of Arbitration Under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and Chapter Eleven of the North American Free Trade Agreement,” Lone Pine Resources Inc., September 6, 2013, pp. 4, 15–18.
47. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), World Trade Organization, Article XI: 1, http://www.wto.org.
48. Personal interview with Ilana Solomon, August 27, 2013.
49. Sarah Anderson and Manuel Perez-Rocha, “Mining for Profits in International Tribunals: Lessons for the Trans-Pacific Partnership,” Institute for Policy Studies, April 2013, p. 1; Lori Wallach, “Brewing Storm over ISDR Clouds: Trans-Pacific Partnership Talks—Part I,” Kluwer Arbitration Blog, January 7, 2013.
50. Lindsay Abrams, “The Real Secret to Beating the Koch Brothers: How Our Broken Political System Can Still Be Won,” Salon, April 29, 2014; personal interview with Marily Papanikolaou, May 29, 2013; Mark Strassman, “Texas Rancher Won’t Budge for Keystone Pipeline,” CBS Evening News, February 19, 2013; Kim Murphy, “Texas Judge Deals Setback to Opponents of Keystone XL Pipeline,” Los Angeles Times, August 23, 2012.
51. FOOTNOTE: Suzanne Goldenberg, “Terror Charges Faced by Oklahoma Fossil Fuel Protesters ‘Outrageous,’ ” Guardian, January 10, 2014; Molly Redden, “A Glitter-Covered Banner Got These Protesters Arrested for Staging a Bioterror Hoax,” Mother Jones, December 17, 2013; personal email communication with Moriah Stephenson, Great Plains Tar Sands Resistance, January 22, 2014; Will Potter, “Two Environmentalists Were Charged with ‘Terrorism Hoax’ for Too Much Glitter on Their Banner,” Vice, December 18, 2013.
52. Adam Federman, “We’re Being Watched: How Corporations and Law Enforcement Are Spying on Environmentalists,” Earth Island Journal, Summer 2013; Richard Black, “EDF Fined for Spying on Greenpeace Nuclear Campaign,” BBC, November 10, 2011; Matthew Millar, “Canada’s Top Spy Watchdog Lobbying for Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline,” Vancouver Observer, January 4, 2014; Jordan Press, “Chuck Strahl Quits Security Intelligence Review Committee,” Postmedia News, January 24, 2014.
53. Greg Weston, “Other Spy Watchdogs Have Ties to Oil Business,” CBC News, January 10, 2014; Press, “Chuck Strahl Quits Security Intelligence Review Committee.”
54. Leggett, Bateman, and Matthews, “Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project,” Volume 2, pp. 209, 384.
55. A more recent poll found that 64 percent of British Columbians were opposed to an increase in tanker traffic, with four times as many respondents “strongly” opposed than “strongly” in favor: “Oil Tanker Traffic in B.C.: The B.C. Outlook Omnibus,” Justason Market Intelligence, January 2014, p. 5. COMMUNITY HEARINGS: Larry Pynn, “Environmentalists Pledge Renewed Fight to Stop Northern Gateway Pipeline,” Vancouver Sun, December 19, 2013; 80 PERCENT: Scott Simpson, “Massive Tankers, Crude Oil and Pristine Waters,” Vancouver Sun, June 5, 2010; “SYSTEM IS BROKEN”: Christopher Walsh, “Northern Gateway Pipeline Approved by National Energy Board,” Edmonton Beacon, December 19, 2013,
56. Edgardo Lander, “Extractivism and Protest Against It in Latin America,” presented at The Question of Power: Alternatives for the Energy Sector in Greece and Its European and Global Context, Athens, Greece, October 2013. George Monbiot, “After Rio, We Know. Governments Have Given Up on the Planet,” Guardian, June 25, 2012.
57. “Initiative Figures,” Transition Network, updated September 2013, https://www.transitionnet work.org; Transition Network, “What Is a Transition Initiative?,” http://www.transitionnetwork.org.
58. David Roberts, “Climate-Proofing Cities: Not Something Conservatives Are Going to Be Good At,” Grist, January 9, 2013.
59. Jesse McKinley, “Fracking Fight Focuses on a New York Town’s Ban,” New York Times, October 23, 2013.
60. “Panel Fails to Listen to British Columbians,” Sierra Club BC, press release, December 19, 2013.
CHAPTER 11: YOU AND WHAT ARMY?
1. Melanie Jae Martin and Jesse Fruhwirth, “Welcome to Blockadia!” YES!, January 11, 2013.
2. Mary Harris Jones, Autobiography of Mother Jones (Mineola, NY: Dover [1925], 2004), 144.
3. Gurston Dacks, “British Columbia After the Delgamuukw Decision: Land Claims and Other Processes,” Canadian Public Policy 28 (2002): 239–255.
4. “Statement of Claim between Council of the Haida Nation and Guujaaw suing on his own behalf and on behalf of al
l members of the Haida Nation (plaintiffs) and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of the Province of British Columbia and the Attorney General of Canada (defendants),” Action No. L020662, Vancouver Registry, November 14, 2002, http://www.haidanation.ca; Haida Nation v. British Columbia (Minister of Forests) 3 SCR 511 (SCC 2004); “Government Must Consult First Nations on Disputed Land, Top Court Rules,” CBC News, November 18, 2004; personal interview with Arthur Manuel, August 25, 2004.
5. Personal email communication with Tyler McCreary, PhD candidate, York University, January 30, 2014.
6. Delgamuukw v. British Columbia, [1997], 3 SCR 1010; British Columbia Treaty Commission, “A Lay Person’s Guide to Delgamuukw v. British Columbia,” November 1999, http://www.bctreaty.net; Chelsea Vowel, “The Often-Ignored Facts About Elsipogtog,” Toronto Star, November 14, 2013.
7. Melanie G. Wiber and Julia Kennedy, “Impossible Dreams: Reforming Fisheries Management in the Canadian Maritimes After the Marshall Decision,” in Law and Anthropology: International Yearbook for Legal Anthropology, Vol. 2, ed. René Kuppe and Richard Potz (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001), pp. 282–297; William Wicken, “Treaty of Peace and Friendship 1760,” Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca; R. v. Marshall, 3 SCR 456 (1999); “Supreme Court Decisions: R. v. Marshall,” Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada.
8. “Map of Treaty-Making in Canada,” Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca; “Alberta Oil Sands,” Alberta Geological Survey, last modified June 12, 2013, http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca; “Treaty Texts—Treaty No. 6; Copy of Treaty No. 6 Between Her Majesty the Queen and the Plain and Wood Cree Indians and Other Tribes of Indians at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt, and Battle River with Adhesions,” Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca.
9. “Emergency Advisory: Mi’kmaq say, ‘We Are Still Here, and SWN Will Not Be Allowed to Frack,’ ” press release, Halifax Media Co-op, November 3, 2013.
