by James Daily
and removal of superpowers, 41
and state-actor doctrine, 4
and the Twelfth Amendment, 6
and the Watchmen Universe, 14n27
See also specific characters and titles
deadly force, 107, 123
Deadpool, 187, 262
Death at the Top of the World Part 3 (Millar, Morrison et al.), 85
Death of Superman, 131
death penalty, 37–38, 43
defamation, 121–22
defense of others, 55
Delaware, 158
delusions, 74–75
denationalization, 232
Dent, Harvey, 78, 115
Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO), 33–35
dependents, 60n8, 193, 193n20
depositions, 90–91
design patents, 213n46
Detective Comics #475, 208
Devil, 147n15
Devil’s Work: Part One: Sacrifice (Winick et al.), 42
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 202
diplomats, 243–46
disabilities, 168–73
discovery, 13–14, 91
discrimination, 23, 27n57, 169, 172–73
divorce, 225n10
DNA sequences, 202–3, 208
doctrine of non-inquiry, 253
domestic airspace, 186
Doom, Victor von, 245
Doomsday, 37, 73, 78–79, 131, 133–34
double jeopardy, 95
Dr. Doom, 237, 244, 245, 275
Dr. Horrible’s Sing-Along Blog (Whedon et al.), 170–71, 171
Dr. Manhattan, 37
Dr. Midnight, 70
Dr. Psycho, 55
Dr. Strange, 262
Drenkov, Igor, 130–31
drinking age, 16
drunkenness, 75
due process, 21–22, 30–32, 81, 176n48, 253
duress, 146
Earth-311, 48n113
Earth-616, 206–7, 243–44, 253–54
Earth-2182, 204–7
eavesdropping, 98–99, 99n11
economic damages, 128
Eighth Amendment, 35–44, 232
elections, 185
electrocution, 37
elements of crimes, 55–56
embassies, 246–48
emergency assistance, 101, 102
eminent domain, 52
empaths, 114, 148
employment, 34, 163–65, 212, 227–28
encryption, 13n23
Endangered Species Act, 280, 281–83, 283n8
English common law, 103n26, 280, 280n1
Equal Protection Clause, 23–29, 29n68
espionage, 247–48
estate taxes, 276–77, 276n25
Estelle v. Smith, 13
ethical issues, 56n3
evidence, 81–91
Excalibur (Ellis, et al.), 38
excessive force, 122–23
exclusionary rule, 103–4, 103n26
exclusions (insurance), 133, 135
exclusive economic zones, 239, 239n3
executive powers and orders, 50, 182, 253
exigent circumstances, 100, 101–2
expatriation taxes, 232
extradition, 251–54
Extraordinary Activity Assurance (EAA), 135
Extremis virus, 187
factual impossibility, 62
false light defamation, 121–22
family fortunes, 263–64
The Fantastic Four
and accidental powers, 124–27
and assumption of risk, 125
and business structures, 153, 162–63
and corporate liability, 163, 165
and the corporate veil, 168
and interplanetary law, 240
and patents, 197
and publicity rights, 118–21, 119n17
and resurrection of Grimm, 275–77
and supervillain prisons, 40
and travel regulations, 219
and workplace accidents, 68, 130
Fantasticar, 186, 219
Farmer v. Brennan, 41
Federal Authority of Registered Meta-Humans, 6
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 103, 186–87
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 182
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 180
Federal Disaster Area Stipend (fictional), 135
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 134
Federal Employee Compensation Act (FECA), 130–31
Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 180
Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), 270, 270n16
Federal Reporter, xiv
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 91, 116n14, 175–76
Federal Rules of Evidence, 82, 84–88
federalism, 14–19
fee simple ownership, 262–63
Fifth Amendment
and the confrontation clause, 12
and criminal procedure, 108
and gene patenting, 204
and masked testimony, 10, 10n16, 11
and Miranda warnings, 107, 107n38
and psychic powers, 12–14
and state-actor doctrine, 6
and substantive due process, 30–32
and telepathic court testimony, 88
Fifty State Initiative, 2, 33, 161
firearms, 66
First Amendment
and the confrontation clause, 12
and conscription, 22
and the Keene Act, 14–19
and mutant civil rights, 27n57
and privacy rights, 117–18
and substantive due process, 32
first sale doctrine, 209, 210n34
501 (C) (3) Corporations, 159
Flash, 84, 131, 213, 219
flight, 186–87
flooding, 132, 134
forced labor, 136
foreign dignitaries, 243–46
forensic accounting, 260–61
forensic evidence, 8, 89
Forge, 66
Forgotten, Part Six: Full Circle (Andreyko et al.), 174
Fortress of Solitude, 232
Foundling Statute, 224, 224n8
Fountain of Essence, 58–59
four-factor test, 103
Fourteenth Amendment, 23–29, 27n57, 30, 45, 204
Fourth Amendment, 96–104, 106
Fox, Lucius, 200
Fox, Robert Johnson, 122–23
franchises, 164, 166
freedom of speech, 18, 32
“fruit of the poisonous tree,” 103–4, 103n27
Fullbright v. United States, 99n12
functional MRI (fMRI), 13–14
Gadling, Hob, 255–57, 256, 258, 260, 268
Gagarin, Yuri, 124
galactic empires, 279
Galactus, 35
gamma radiation, 129
G-bomb, 129–30
gender issues, 22n52
general partnerships, 154
genetic engineering, 202–3, 208, 208n32
Genosha, 31
Ghost Rider, 144–46, 145
Gold, Booster, 119, 214
Google Scholar, xiv
Gorilla Grodd, 279, 284
Gotham City
and air traffic control, 186
and Copyright Commission, 208
Gotham Central storyline, 200n11
and insane villains, 76
and Joker’s copyright claim, 210
and No Man’s Land storyline, 50–53, 51, 53–54, 137–40
and state-actor doctrine, 1–2, 2–4
graphic design, 215
Great Depression, 181
Green Arrow, 155
green cards, 227–28
Green Lantern, 155
Grey, Jean, 13, 67, 88, 112
Grimm, Ben
and assumption of risk, 124–27, 125
and FDA regulations, 188
and foreign dignitaries, 244
and probate, 275
and re
surrection, 275–77
and workplace accidents, 130
hate crimes, 31–32
Havok, 48
Hawkman, 5
hearsay testimony, 85–88
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), xiii
Hellfire Cult, 26
Hereafter Part 1 (Waid, Wieringo et al.), 197
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial Dist. Ct. of Nev., 10n16
Hilton Davis Co. v. Warner-Jenkinson Co., Inc., 201n14
Hinckley, John, Jr., 74
homosexuality, 29
Hope v. Pelzer, 39
Hulk, 66, 78–79, 125n25, 129–31, 170, 172–73, 189
human organs, 69
Human Torch, 47
HYDRA, 249
Hynes v. Mayor and Council of Oradell, 19n44
identity of superheroes, 4–6, 6–10, 10–12
See also masked identities
Illinois, 76–77
immigration and citizenship
and birthright citizenship, 223–24
and foreign dignitaries, 245–46
and international travel, 220–22
and parallel universes, 233
and private acts of Congress, 225–27
renunciation of citizenship, 228–33
and Superman’s status, 222–23
and time travel, 233n23
visas and green cards, 227–28
Immigration and Nationality Act, 229
imminent destruction of evidence, 101
immortality
and compound interest, 265–69
and the Eighth Amendment, 35–36
and extreme longevity, 262n8
and Gadling, 255–57, 256, 258, 260, 268
laws relating to, 262–65
and Social Security, 269–72
and successive identities, 257–61
immunity, 11, 104
implied licenses, 210
In re Brokers, Inc., 154n4
In re Seagate Tech., LLC, 201n14
inadmissible evidence, 81, 97, 108
incarceration, 49–50
Inception (2010), 148n21
inchoate offenses, 62
The Incident (Goyer et al.), 228n17, 229
incorporated territories, 54
Incredible Hulk. See Hulk
independent contractors, 212
industrialization, 127
inflation, 267–69
inheritance, 262
Inhumans, 240, 241, 243
injunctions, 114n10
insanity, 73–79
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, 188n13
insurance, 59, 131–36
Insurrection Act, 52, 52n116
intellectual property
and artificial intelligences, 285–86
and copyright, 204–10
and international law, 236
and patents, 165, 195–96, 195n1, 196–201, 196n2, 201–4, 201n13, 213–14
and superhero journalists, 211–12
and superhero merchandising, 212–15
and trademarks, 215–18
intelligence gathering, 247–48
intent element of crimes, 56–57, 71–73, 72n19
intermediate scrutiny, 25, 27
Internal Revenue Code, 190–91
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 158, 179–80, 232, 261, 277
international law, 235–54
and embassies, 246–48
and extradition, 251–54
and foreign dignitaries, 243–46
general principles, 235–37
and international organizations, 248–51
and interplanetary law, 240–43
and unusual sovereignties, 237–40
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 248–49
international organizations, 248–51
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 220–21
international travel, 220–22
international waters, 239
interplanetary law, 240–43
interstate crime, 17
intoxication, 73, 73n21, 75
Intrusion upon Seclusion privacy torts, 113
invasion of privacy, 115–16, 120
involuntary commitment, 49
involuntary intoxication, 73
involuntary manslaughter, 73n21
invulnerable characters, 37–38
See also immortality
Iran, 236
Iron Man
and arms control regulations, 221–22
and corporate liability, 165
and merchandising, 214
and political influences, 184, 185
and trademarks, 216
See also Stark, Tony
irresistible impulse test, 76, 78n29
Jameson, J. Jonas, 83, 111, 116, 121–22, 211
Jefferson, Thomas, 53
Jermain, Dan “Danger-Man,” 127, 129
Joker
and copyright issues, 204, 208–10, 209, 210n34
and insanity, 73, 77–78
and merchandising, 214
and privacy rights, 115
and property damage, 131–32
and tax issues, 261
J’onzz, J’onn, 71
journalism, 211–12
jurisdictional issues
and admiralty law, 242
and Batman: No Man’s Land, 54
and class action lawsuits, 175
and international organizations, 248–49
and maritime law, 242–43
jury trials, 95, 127n29
jus sanguinis and jus soli, 223–24
Justice League, 34, 161, 163, 228, 248n12
Kal-El, 226–27
Karnes, Timothy, 41–43, 42
Keene Act, 14–19, 49
Kennedy v. Louisiana, 43n100
Kent, Clark
and citizenship issues, 223–24, 224n6, 226
and copyright issues, 204
and intellectual property issues, 211
and tax issues, 192
See also Superman
Kent, Jonathan, 226
King, Rodney, 52n116
Kingpin, 8
Korean War, 249
Krypton, 226
Kryptonians, 279
labor laws, 127–29, 173–74
laches, 218, 218n51
Lang, Lana, 190, 191
Lanham Act, 215
Latveria, 237, 245, 275
The Laughing Fish (Engelhart et al.), 209
Law and the Multiverse (blog), ix
Lawrence v. Texas, 29n68
Lazarus Pits, 59
Ledger, Heath, 78
Legion, 67
liability issues, 57, 106–7, 133, 158n15, 160–61, 201, 285
libel, 111, 116
licensing, 211
Lichter v. U.S., 21n48
limited liability companies, 158, 160–63, 167
limited partnerships, 155–57
liquidated damages, 144
listening devices, 98–99
logos, 119n17, 213
London Burning (Warren Ellis et al.), 38
Long v. Fitzgerald, 147n15
Lord, Maxwell, 55, 73
Louisiana Purchase, 53
Lugar test, 3
Luthor, Lex, 151, 281, 282
Madrox, Jamie, 59–60, 60n8, 61
Magna Carta, 95
Magneto, 13, 66, 67, 88
malice, 127
Man of Steel, 226
The Manchurian Candidate (1962), 188
Manhunter, 5, 70, 173
Maria Stark Foundation, 161, 165
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 280n3
maritime jurisdictions, 242
Martian Manhunter, 71, 97, 281
Martin, Peter, xiv
Marvel Boy, 109
Marvel Comics and the Marvel Universe
and the confrontation clause, 6–7
and immortality, 262
and insurance, 135
and international organizations, 248n13
&n
bsp; and mutant civil rights, 23
and property damage, 131
and right to bear arms, 48
and superhero business organizations, 161
and the Superhuman Registration Act, 14, 19–23, 183–85
and supervillain prisons, 39
and trademarks, xi, 119n17, 216
See also Civil War storyline
masked identities
and the Keene Act, 19
and Rules of Evidence, 116n13
and state-actor doctrine, 4, 5
and successive identities, 259
and testimony, 10, 10n16, 11, 82–84
Massachusetts, 76–77
Mastermind, 71, 72
Mazer v. Stein, 207n26
McCoy, Hank, 171
medical experimentation, 188
Medicare, 16
medicines, 187–90
Men of Good Fortune (Gaiman et al.), 256, 258
mens rea, 56, 62, 66, 74
mental anguish, 120
mental disabilities, 28–29
Mephisto, 145–49
merchandising, 212–15
Metropolis, 186, 272
military operations, 181–83, 236, 250–51
military service, 19–23, 21n48, 232–33
militias, 46
mind control and mind reading, 71–73, 85, 100–101, 103, 148n21
See also psychic powers
minimum wage laws, 173–74, 175–76
minority groups, 30
minors, 117
Miranda warnings, xiv, 107–8, 107n39
mistakes (in contracts), 146–47, 147n15
M’Naghten Rules, 74–75, 77, 78n29
Model Penal Code, 57n6, 65, 73, 76–77, 76n24
Model Rules of Conduct, 109n41
Moist, 170–71
money laundering, 260–61
The Moon, 240, 241
Moore, Alan, 77
Moore v. Regents, 68n15
mortgages, 263n11
Mr. Fantastic, 40
Mr. Immortal, 266
Multiple Man, 59–60
Munroe, Ororo, 243, 246
See also Storm
murder, 57–62, 73n21, 242
mutants and mutation, 23–35, 44
See also specific characters
Mystique, 81, 88
Namor, 238–39, 240, 240n4
Nardone v. United States, 103n27
National Flood Insurance Program, 134
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 188n13
National Labor Relations Board, 180
national origin discrimination, 27n57
National Security Act, 183
National Security Agency (NSA), 182
Nationality Act, 224n8
Negative Zone, 39–41, 40
negligence, 57, 121, 127
New Avengers: Disassembled (Bendis et al.), 241
New Deal, 16, 180–81
New Excalibur (Claremont et al.), 204
New Warriors (Nicieza et al.), 109
New York City, 186, 240n4, 246
New York State, 106n34, 275, 280n1
Nguyen Quy An, 225n9
Nightcrawler, 171, 204, 219, 220, 222
Nitro, 131
No Law and a New Order—Part One: Values (Gale et al.), 51
No Man’s Land, 50–53, 137–40
Nocturne, 204
Nolan, Christopher, 148n21
