Airline Mechanics Fraternal Association, 326
Akron, Ohio, 203–4
Alabama, 94, 96, 140, 146–49, 169, 190, 195, 199, 200, 247–48, 249–50, 259
Alabama Women for Human Rights, 259
Alaska, 139, 215, 236
Alaska Packers Union, 215
Alcaine, Leonardo Rodríguez, 311
Alcoa, 287
Alexander Smith Carpet, 240
Alien Registration Act (“Smith Act”) (1939), 217, 219, 223, 235, 240
Allende, Salvador, 273
Alliance of Asian Pacific Labor (AAPL), 303
Allied Industrial Workers, 243
Allis-Chalmers, 222, 226
Aluminum, Brick and Glass Workers, 287
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 131–32, 195, 199
Amalgamated Association of Street and Electrical Railway Employees, 164–65
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers (ACTWU), 161, 183, 195, 199, 274, 287–88, 292, 299, 313, 325
Amalgamated Clothing Workers (ACW), 203, 213
Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher Workmen, 165, 285
Amaro, Gaspar, 299
America First Committee, 216
America Is in the Heart (Bulosan), 218
America Needs a Raise (Sweeney), 311
American Action, 233
American Airlines, 238
American Alliance for Labor and Democracy, 164
American Anti-Boycott Association, 148
American Anti-Slavery Society, 72
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 223
American Committee for the Protection of the Foreign Born, 212, 219
American Communications Association, 238
American Defense Society, 161, 163
American Farm Bureau, 181
American Federation of Government Employees, 269, 292, 298, 312
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 128, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 164, 175, 183, 184, 185, 193–99, 202, 204, 215
African Americans and, 129–30, 146, 149, 165, 167, 228
anticommunism, 239–40
Asians excluded from, 130, 146, 165
CIO and, 203, 214–15, 216, 217, 221, 237, 240–41
conservatism of, 175, 194, 198–99, 202
in Depression, 189, 191
exclusiveness of, 128–30, 146–47, 165
“federal labor unions” and, 129, 146, 149, 195, 199
founding of, 127–31
immigration and, 130, 146, 215
IWW and, 160
Knights of Labor and, 127, 128
minimum wage and, 216
post-World War I, 166, 168, 169, 172
post-World War II, 230, 231, 232, 239
in Progressive Era, 145–51
radicals and, 184–85, 241
Socialist Party and, 156, 160
sympathy strikes of, 128
Taft-Hartley and, 237
women and, 128, 129, 146, 164–65
World War I, 161–62, 164–65
World War II, 228
See also AFL-CIO; craft unions
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), 252, 267, 269, 288, 293, 296, 301, 312, 313–14, 317, 324, 325
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 267, 269, 289, 313, 325
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, 313
American Federationist (AFL monthly), 129, 138, 141, 150, 160
American Flint Glass Workers Union, 313
American Guild of Musical Artists, 289
American Independent Party, 257
American Indian Movement (AIM), 256, 259, 317
American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD), 244–45, 273, 289, 292
American Labor Party, 166, 204, 205, 219
American League Against War and Fascism, 219
American Legion, 168, 199
American Liberty League, 199, 202
American Medical Association (AMA), 325
American Nationalists Incorporated, 217
American Newspaper Guild, 195
American Nurses Association, 269
American Party (“Know Nothings”), 71–72, 73, 78
American Protective League, 162–63
American Racing Equipment Company, 300
American Railway Union (ARU), 132–34
American Republican Party (1841), 70, 72
American Revolution, 24–35, 38–41
postwar era, 35–37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46–47
workers and, 24, 25–30, 38, 39
American Seaman’s Protective Union, 97
American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), 176
American Unions Against Militarism (WWI), 161
Amnesty Act (1872), 95
Anaconda Copper, 174
anarchists, 126, 127, 132, 167–68, 328
Ancient Order of Hibernians, 105
Anthony, Susan B., 100–101
anticommunism. See communism
Anti-Federalists, 44
Anti-Imperialist League, 141
antilabor movements and legislation
corporations and, 199–201, 213–14, 233, 306–7, 308
laws and injunctions, 62–63, 148, 175, 228, 232
War Labor Disputes Act, 228, 232
antitrust legislation, 133, 141, 149, 150, 178, 193
antiwar activism, 161, 163, 258, 266, 267, 272, 273
Apache Indians, 4, 114
Apache War (1871–86), 114
Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World (Walker), 51
Arab Workers Caucus, Detroit UAW, 273
Aramark, 318–19
Arapaho Indians, 113
Arawak Indians, 2, 3
arbitration, compulsory, 183
Arizona, 76, 113, 164
Arkansas, 96, 156, 189–90, 236
Armco Steel, 285
Armour, 286
Army, United States, 95, 113, 114, 162
Articles of Confederation, 37, 42
Asia, 142, 291, 309, 311
Asia Pacific Regional Organization (APRO), 311
Asian American Free Labor Institute (AAFLI), 272, 289
Asian American Hardcore, 257
Asian Americans, 144, 169, 188, 257, 258, 291, 303, 314, 315, 318
excluded from AFL, 130, 146, 165
labor organizing, 272, 289, 303, 314, 315, 318
See also Chinese Americans; Japanese Americans
Asian Immigrant Women Advocates, 303
Asian Immigrant Women Association (Oakland), 315
Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance (APALA), 303, 314
Asian Sisterhood, 258
Asner, Ed, 292
assembly lines, and mechanization, in twenties, 176
Associated Farmers, 200
Association for Union Democracy (AUD), 295
Atlantic Monthly, 140
atomic bomb, 224, 230, 234
Attucks, Crispus, 27, 40
Auld, Hugh (cartoon), 81, 82
auto industry, 202, 205–6, 229, 284, 304. See also United Auto Workers (UAW)
Bacon, Nathaniel, 18–19
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), 18–19
Baggett, Violet, 212
Bagley, Sarah, 67, 69
Baker, Ella, 248
Bakery and Confectionary Workers, 243, 297
“Ballad for Americans” (Robinson and LaTouche), 218
Baltimore, Maryland, 74–75, 98, 102, 106, 107, 190
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O), 105–6
Baltimore Sun, 107, 217
Baraka, Amiri (Leroi Jones), 253
Barbers and Beauticians Union, 287
Barlowe, Arthur, 1–2
Barnett, Ferdinand, 120
Barry, Leonora, 123
Barton, Bruce, 179, 180
“Battle Hymn of the Republic,” 217
Bay Area Gay Liberation (BAGL), 267, 268
Beck, David, 243
beet growers, 182, 185
Beet Workers Associa
tion, 185
Bell Atlantic, 324
Bendix, 227
Berger, Victor, 151, 160, 163
Berkman, Alexander, 132
Bethlehem Steel, 176, 213, 222
Bevona, Gus, 312
Biddle, Francis, 223
big business. See corporations
Bilbo, Theodore, 232
Bill of Rights, 43
Billings, Warren, 161
“bimetallism,” 134, 136
Birmingham, Alabama, 146, 149, 199, 200, 248, 249
Bituminous Coal Operators’ Association, 294
Black Codes, 92, 94, 96
Black Hills gold strike of 1875, 114
Black Legion, 200
Black Lung Association, 268, 274
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, 253, 256, 257, 261
Black Power, 251, 253–54, 261
Black Shirts, Italian, 217
Black Workers for Justice, 302, 315
blacks. See African Americans
Blake, Henry, 94–95
Blaylock, Kenneth, 292
Blue Cross, 288
“Blue Eagle” insignia (NRA), 193
Blue Shield, 282
Board of Economic Warfare, 224
Boeing Corporation, 319, 324
Boise Cascade, 287
Bolshevik Revolution/Bolshevism, 167, 181, 200
Bonus March (1932), 190–91
Boot and Shoe Workers International Union, 128
Borden Milk, 200
Border Patrol, U.S., 169, 300
Boston, Massachusetts, 20, 26–28, 38–41, 50–51, 97–98
Boston Commonwealth, 89
Boston Daily Evening Voice, 98
Boston Massacre, 27, 38–41
Boston Tea Party (1773), 28
Boxer Rebellion (China) (1900), 144
boycotts, 26–28, 38, 39, 111, 133, 157, 247–48, 260, 317–18, 329. See also strikes
Boyle, Tony, 274
“Bracero” program, 225, 255
Bradstreet’s (business journal), 128
Brazilian Institute for Democratic Action, 244
Bread and Roses Strike, 158
Brennan, Peter, 272
Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen, 305, 312
Bridgestone Tires, 307
Briggs, Cyril, 167
Briggs Mack, 229
British Guiana, 244
Brooks, Preston, 78
Brookwood Labor College, 184–85, 190
“Brother, Can You Spare a Dime” (Harburg), 191
Brotherhood of Boiler Makers and Iron Ship Builders, 129
Brotherhood of Carpenters, 125, 128, 147, 149, 156, 164, 168, 312, 317
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 183, 232, 313
Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees, 287
Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, 165, 183, 242
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids, 185, 223, 247
Brotherhood of Timber Workers, 159
Brown, Ezekiel, 34
Brown, John, 79, 84, 89, 127, 218
Brown, John, Jr., 127
Brown and Williamson Tobacco Company, 213
Brown Berets, 255–56
Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 236
Bryan, William Jennings, 136, 149
Bryner, Gary, 270
Buffalo, New York, 318
Building and Construction Trades Council, 268, 272, 285
Bully, Norm, 229
Bulosan, Carlos, 218
Bund, German American, 217
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 178, 256
Bus Riders Union/Sindicato de Passajeros (BRU/SdP), 304
Bush, George H.W., 288, 306
Bush, George W., 329
Business Roundtable (1972), 271
Business Week, 235, 270, 284
Butler, Smedley, 145
Byrnes, James G., 228
Caldwell, James, 27
California, 101, 117, 121, 146, 147, 169, 182, 189, 315, 327. See also individual cities
California Prisoners Union, 256
Camagua, 299–300
Cambodia, invasion of, 267
campaign financing by corporations, 271
Campbell’s Soup, 200, 293
Canada, 142, 149, 291, 293–94, 311
Canadian Labor Congress, 311
Canassatego (Seneca leader), 6
Cannery and Agricultural Workers’ Industrial Union, 189, 196
Cannery Workers Committee, 273
Cannon Mills, 325
Cap and Millinery Workers, 203, 214
Capetillo, Luisa, 166
capitalists, monopoly, 110, 111–12, 115, 121, 122, 131, 134, 136
Capone, Al, 184
Car Drivers’ Union, 130
Carey, Ron, 312
Cargill, 286
Caribbean, 1–2, 5–6, 11–12, 142
Carnegie, Andrew, 111–12, 131, 141
Carnegie Illinois Steel, 254
Carnegie Steel Company, 132, 141
carpenters. See Brotherhood of Carpenters
Carpenters’ Company of Philadelphia, 22
Carr, Patrick, 27
Carter, Jimmy, 274, 276, 289, 297
Carter Carburetor, 225
Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 103
Cassetari, Rosa, 117
Castro, Fidel, 244
Caterpillar, 307, 308, 326
Catholic Sanctuary movement, 302
Catholic Workers, 225
Catholicism, 70, 72, 142
Caulkers’ Association, 74–74
Cayton, Revels, 236
Central Competitive Field, 147
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 245, 273
Central Pacific railroad, 98, 101
Centralia, Washington, 168
Centro de Acción Autónomia, 273
Cervantes Fraternal Society, 213
Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 199, 235
Chaplin, Ralph, 158
Charleston, South Carolina, 187, 260
Chartist movement, 71
Chase, Stuart, 176
Chávez, César, 260, 262, 302
Chávez-Thompson, Linda, 308, 314
Cherokee Indians, 75
Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, 104, 106
Chevron, 310
Cheyenne Indians, 113
Chicago, Illinois, 120, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 151, 188, 190, 213
Chicago Board of Trade, 233
Chicanos, 255–56, 258, 270. See also Latinos
child labor, 8, 111, 115, 143, 182, 193, 216, 249
Chile, 273
China, 144, 179, 257
Chinatown People’s Association, 257
Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants, 101–2, 103, 108, 117, 119, 121, 123–24, 130, 146, 165, 169, 190, 213, 219, 225. See also Asian Americans
Chinese Benevolent Associations, 190
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 119, 124, 130
Chinese Progressive Association (Boston), 315
Chinese Unemployed Alliance (CUA), 190
Christian Nationalist Crusade, 225
Christian Recorder, 89
Christianity, 4
Chrysler Corporation, 200, 203, 207, 261, 273, 275, 324
Church, Sam, 294
CIO. See Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
CIO News, 207, 222
CIO-PAC (Political Action Committee), 228
Citizens’ Alliance, 197
civil rights, 236, 237, 247–61, 266–68, 280, 314
Civil Rights Act (1866), 93
Civil Rights Act (1964), 249, 250, 272, 288
Civil Rights Commission, 280
civil rights movement (black), 247–55, 257
Civil War, 85–91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 113. See also Reconstruction
Clark, Mark, 253
Clarke, Edward, 180
Clayton Act (1914), 150
Clergy and Laity for Economic Justice, 316
clerical workers, 176, 266, 301, 312, 326
Cleveland,
Grover, 133, 141, 147
Cleveland Women Working, 266
Clinton, Bill, 305, 306
Clinton administration, 306, 309, 327–28
closed shops, 230, 242
Coal Mine Health and Safety Act (1969), 268
coal mining. See miners
Coalition for Peace, 267
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists (CBTU), 261, 273
Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW), 267, 301–2
Coalition of University Employees (CUE), 312
Coastal Berry of California Farmworkers Committee, 326
Coia, Arthur, 312
COINTELPRO (FBI’s Counterintelligence Program), 253, 256
Cold War, 235–36, 237, 239. See also communism
collective bargaining, 145, 203, 269, 325
Colombia, 144
colonial North America, 1–23, 24–35, 38–41
Colonization Council (Reconstruction), 97
Colorado, 113, 119, 150, 153–55, 304
Colorado Fuel & Iron (CFI), 150, 152, 153, 177
Colored Caulkers’ Trade Union Society, 102
Colored Female Religious and Moral Society (Salem), 50
Colored Mechanics and Laboring Man’s Association, 102
Colored National Labor Union (CNLU), 102–3, 120
Columbia University, 316
Columbus, Christopher, 1, 2, 3
Comanche Indians, 114
Comisión Femenil Mexicana, 258
Comité Obrero en Defensa de Indocumentados en Lucha, 273
Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 267
Committee for a Unified Newark (CFUN), 253, 258
Committee for Industrial Organization. See Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Committee for Justice for Hospital Workers, 260
Committee for the Protection of Filipino Rights, 212
Committee of Interns and Residents, 325
Committee on Civil Liberties (U.S. Senate), 214
Committee on Civil Rights (1947), 236
Committee on Political Education (COPE), 241
Committee on Public Information, 162, 164, 179
Common Sense (Paine), 29
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842), 63
communal living and property, 64
Communications Workers of America (CWA), 238, 287, 288, 297, 302, 304, 313, 324, 325–26
communism, 108, 200, 233–40, 273, 289–90. See also Communist Party (CP)
Communist Labor Party, 167
Communist Party (CP), 167, 229
CIO and, 213, 217, 219, 222–23, 233, 237
Communist Party USA, 167, 184
radical labor activism, 190, 195, 196, 213, 218, 219
See also communism
Communists’ International Labor Defense, 196
Compromise of 1850, 77
Conagra, 286
Confederacíon de Trabajadores Mexicanos (CTM), 293, 311
Confederacíon de Uniones de Obreros Mexicanos, 185
Confederacíon General de Trabajadores (CGT), 240
Confederacíon Revolucinario de Obreros y Campesinos (CROC) (Mexico), 293
Confederacy (Confederate States of America), 85–91, 92, 93, 95. See also Civil War
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