10 “Saudi Textbooks Incite Hate, Say Leaders in American Publishing,” Daily Beast, October 17, 2012, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/10/17/saudi-textbooks-incite-hate-say-leaders-in-american-publishing.html.
11 “U.S. Islamic Schools Teaching Homegrown Hate,” Fox News, February 27, 2002, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,46610,00.html#ixzz2FdA1tYbx.
12 “‘Pakistan schools teach Hindu hatred,’” Dawn, November 9, 2011, http://dawn.com/2011/11/09/pakistan-schools-teach-hindu-hatred/.
13 “Pakistani schoolbooks full of contempt and bigotry against Christians, Hindus and Sikhs,” AsiaNews, April 5, 2012, http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Pakistani-schoolbooks-full-of-contempt-and-bigotry-against-Christians, -Hindus-and-Sikhs-24431. html.
14 “Turkish Christians Subject to Discrimination, Attacks, Report Says,” World Watch Monitor, February 14, 2012, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/turkey/article_1400297.html.
15 “Negative Portrayal of Assyrians Remains in Turkish School Book Despite Promises of Removal,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 25, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20121024190017.htm
16 Abdulmesih BarAbrahem, “Turkish High School History Book Portrays Assyrians as Traitors,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 2, 2011, http://www.aina.org/releases/20111002110757.htm.
17 Ali Aslan Kilic, “Turkey slams France for promoting hate speech with genocide initiative,” Today’s Zaman, August 27, 2012, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-290521-turkey-slams-france-for-promoting-hate-speech-with-genocide-initiative.html.
18 Raymond Ibrahim, “Muslim Cleric Condemns Christianity for Teaching Gender Equality,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, November 12, 2012, http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/muslim-cleric-condemns-christianity-for-teaching-gender-equality/.
19 Gilbert T. Sewall, “Islam in the Classroom: What the Textbooks Tell Us,” American Textbook Council, 2008, http://www.historytextbooks.org/islamreport.pdf.; see also, Raymond Ibrahim, The Al Qaeda Reader (Doubleday, 2007).
20 Shariffa Carlo, “A Muslim is a brother to a Muslim,” Modern Religion, http://www.themodernreligion.com/basic/charac/brother.html.
21 Mary Abdelmassih, “Egypt’s Christians Outraged by Court Ruling, Assyrian International News Agency, May 24, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20120524134813.htm.
22 “Egyptian Judge Frees Attackers Who Knifed Christian,” World Watch Monitor, May 9, 2012, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/egypt/article_1532636.html.
23 “Witnesses to the Maspero Massacre,” Tahrir News, October 15, 2011, http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=189051341171283, translation by the author.
24 “Muslim eyewitness to Maspero Massacre confirms Egyptian military cast bodies of four dead Coptic protesters into the Nile,” Light-Dark, http://www. light-dark.net/vb/showthread.php?p=9936#post9936, translation by the author.
25 “Muslim soldier from the Egyptian army proud for killing a Christian demonstrator,” thecopticmartyrs, YouTube video, October, 10, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyn2Yow1aN8&lr=1&gl=US. See also, “Evidence condemning military and police in Maspero Massacre,” gergesmoner, YouTube video, October 12, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKaGr75r34w, translation by the author.
26 Yusry Fouda, “Egypt’s ‘Schindler’ at Maspero,” Coptic Solidarity, November 19, 2011, http://www.copticsolidarity.org/cs-releases/323-egypts-schindler-at-maspero-.
27 Arabic YouTube video of Egyptian Military Council’s conference on Maspero Massacre, pcanytime, YouTube video, October 12, 2011, http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=n5TbgK8Mlkk, translation by the author.
28 al-Dalil, “The Crimes and Lies of the Military Council,” IslamExplained, http://islamexplained.com/UVG/UVG_video_player/TabId/89/VideoId/800/038——.aspx.
29 Mary Abdelmassih, “Egypt Randomly Arresting Copts for Maspero Massacre,” Assyrian International News Agency, November 5, 2011, http://www.aina.org/news/20111105173122.htm.
30 Mary Abdelmassih, “Two Coptic Priests Charged With ‘Incitement’ in Maspero Massacre,” Assyrian International News Agency, February 10, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20120210142736.htm.
31 Mary Abdelmassih, “Egyptian Panel Drops Maspero Massacre Case for ‘Lack of Evidence,’” Assyrian International News Agency, April 28, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20120427193443.htm.
32 Raymond Ibrahim, “Popular Sheikh: Christian Copts are ‘Infidels’; Allah’s Curse on Them,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, November 3, 2011, http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/popular-sheikh-christian-copts-are-infidels-allahs-curse-on-them/.
33 “Egyptian TV Incites Egyptians against Copts,” Mina Riad, YouTube video, October 10, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7m08JJdxao, translation by the author.
34 Andrea Marcela Madambashi, “Egypt State TV Admits to Making Up News That Christians Killed Soldiers,” Christian Post, October 10, 2011, http://www.christianpost.com/news/egypt-state-tv-admits-to-making-up-news-that-christians-killed-soldiers-57773/.
35 Muhammad Khayr, “Egyptian State Media Botches Coverage of Coptic Protests,” Al-Akhbar, October 12, 2011, http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/1040/.
36 “News anchor disavows TV coverage of events of Maspero,” Arab Net 5, October 9, 2011, http://www.arabnet5.com/news.asp?c=2&id=113867, translation by the author.
37 “Cairo clashes leave 24 dead after Coptic church protest,” BBC News, October 9, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15235212. Note: much of the original language portraying Copts as aggressors has since been deleted or changed. Samer al-Atrush and Ines Bel Aiba, “23 dead in Copt clashes, Egypt PM appeals for calm,” Agence-France Presse, October 9, 2011, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jf_zZXdV9C28PzgjtrfxpRubiRLg.
38 Mark Durie, The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude, and Freedom (Australia: Deror Books, 2010), 160.
39 Mary Abdelmassih, “Sexual Harassment of Christian Wife Turns Into Violence Against Christian Villagers in Egypt,” Assyrian International News Agency, July 1, 2011, http://www.aina.org/news/20110701184243.htm.
40 Mary Abdelmassih, “Muslims Burn Christian Homes and Businesses in Egypt,” Assyrian International News Agency, August 3, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20120802201306.htm.
41 Mary Abdelmassih, “Over 3000 Muslims Attack Christian Homes and Shops in Egypt, 3 Injured,” Assyrian International News Agency, January 28, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20120127193942.htm.
42 “Alexandria: forced eviction of 62 Coptic families by the Salafis,” Asia News, February 9, 2012, http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Alexandria:-forced-eviction-of-62-Coptic-families-by-the-Salafis-23924. html.
43 Mary Abdelmassih, “Thousands of Muslims Attack Christians in Egypt, 2 Killed, Homes and Stores Torched,” Assyrian International News Agency, November 30, 2011, http://www.aina.org/news/20111130113351.htm.
44 Mary Abdelmassih, “Collective Punishment of Egyptian Christians for Death of Two Muslims,” Assyrian International News Agency, April 26, 2011, http://www.aina.org/news/2011042521399.htm.
45 Mary Abdelmassih, “Muslims Burning Christian Homes an ‘Act of Fate,’ Say Egyptian Police,” Assyrian International News Agency, November 20, 2010, http://www.aina.org/news/20101120134121.htm.
46 Durie, The Third Choice, 199.
47 Associated Press, “Fearful Pakistani Christians flee to forest after girl’s blasphemy law arrest,” Fox News, August 27, 2012, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/08/27/fearful-pakistani-christians-flee-to-forest-after-girl-blasphemy-law-arrest/.
48 Umer Nangiana, “Blasphemy case: Christians highlight their fears of reprisal by holding a fake funeral,” Express Tribune, September 1, 2012 http://tribune.com.pk/story/429421/blasphemy-case-christians-highlight-their-fears-of-reprisal-by-holding-a-fake-funeral/.
49 Jeremy Reynalds, “Pakistani Church and School Burned, ASSIST News Service, September 22, 2012, http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12090117.htm.
50 “CHURCH COMPOUND DESTROYED BY
MUSLIM RIOTERS IN PAKISTAN,” Barnabas Aid, September 25, 2012, http://barnabasfund.org/US/Church-compound-destroyed-by-Muslim-rioters-in-Pakistan.html.
51 “Outrage Over Anti-Islam Film Worries Christians in Pakistan,” Persecution, September 19, 2012, http://www.persecution.org/2012/09/19/outrage-over-anti-islam-film-worries-christians-in-pakistan/.
52 Mary Mostert, “Pope quotes Qur’an; Muslims kill nun, burn churches,” Renew America, September 18, 2006, http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/mostert/060918.
53 Dominic Di-Natale, “Pakistan’s Deprived Christian Community Say They’re Being Persecuted for U.S. Drone Strikes,” Fox News, April 23, 2011, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/04/23/pakistani-deprived-christian-community-say-theyre-persecuted/.
54 Mona Nagger and Nick Amies, “Iraqi Christians Fear Escalating Persecution As US Forces Withdraw,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 9, 2010, http://www.aina.org/news/2010109140406.htm.
55 Jonathan Riley-Smith, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 242.
56 Adel Guindy, Hikayat al-Ihtilal, in translation,“Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings,” (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 88.
57 “Qaeda group in Iraq says Christians ‘legitimate targets,’” Agence France-Presse, November 3, 2010, http://www.jihadwatch.org/2010/11/all-christian-centres-organisations-and-institutions-leaders-and-followers-are-legitimate-targets-fo.html.
58 Only recently Egyptian cleric Dr. Abdullah Badr threatened on live television to cut the tongues of any who criticized Islam. Raymond Ibrahim, “Militant Muslims Cutting Out Tongues,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, November 25, 2012, http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/militant-muslims-cutting-out-tongues/
59 Adel Guindy, Hikayat al-Ihtilal, in translation,“Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings,” (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 117–131.
60 Sidney H. Griffith, The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 11.
61 To give them their modern names, not necessarily the names they were known by during the conquests.
62 Alfred Butler, The Arab Invasion of Egypt and the Last 30 Years of Roman Dominion (Brooklyn: A & B Publishers, 1992), 464.
63 Raymond Ibrahim, book title translated by the author, “Were Conquered Christians Really Liberated Muslims,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, April 24, 2011, http://www.raymondibrahim.com/muslim-persecution-of-christians/were-conquered-christians-really-liberated-muslims/.
64 Nomikos Michael Vaporis, Witnesses for Christ: Orthodox Christian Neomartyrs of the Ottoman Period 1437-1860 (Crestwood: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2000), 62–64.
65 “Two Pakistani Christians Seriously Injured for refusing Islam,” World Watch Monitor, August 31, 2011, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/pakistan/article_116947.html.
66 “Muslims Murder Pakistani Christian with Axe Blows: Rival merchants threatened to kill potato seller if he refused to convert to Islam,” World Watch Monitor, March 22, 2010, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/pakistan/16665/.
67 Unlike the Janissaries, who were exclusively “recruited” (that is, abducted and enslaved as children) from the many conquered Christian populations under the Ottoman Empire, the Mamluks were derived from Christians and others, notably pre-Islamic Turkic peoples.
68 Nozrul Islam, “Almost 300 Christian children abducted and forcibly converted to Islam in Bangladesh,” AsiaNews, September 6, 2012, http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Almost-300-Christian-children-abducted-and-forcibly-converted-to-Islam-in-Bangladesh-25745.html.
69 Khaled Abu Toameh, “Who Will Save the Christians in the Gaza Strip?” Gatestone Institute, July 20, 2012, http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3181/gaza-christians.
70 Leo Rennert, “Wash. Post, AP blind to Christian persecution in Bethlehem,” American Thinker, December 25, 2011, http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2011/12/wash_post_ap_blind_to_christian_persecution_in_bethlehem.html.
71 “‘Convert to Islam or leave Muslim neighborhood’ warning to Christians in Lahore,” Pakistan Christian Post, August 31, 2012, http://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/headlinenewsd.php?hnewsid=3720.
72 “Christian family converted to Islam, beaten, tried in Tashkent,” UZNews, August 24, 2012, http://www.uznews.net/news_single.php?lng=en&sub=hot&cid=3&nid=20659.
73 “Police in Pakistan Beat Pregnant Christian, Husband for 3 Days,” World Watch Monitor, November 29, 2011, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/pakistan/article_123726.html.
74 “PAKISTANI CHRISTIAN BEATEN BY MUSLIMS FOR CELEBRATING INDEPENDENCE DAY,” Barnabas Aid, August 22, 2011, http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Pakistani-Christian-beaten-by-Muslims-for-celebrating-Independence-Day.html.
75 “Islamists Suspected in Abduction of Christian Girl in Sudan,” World Watch Monitor, February 22, 2011, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/33341.
76 “Kidnapped Christian Girl in Sudan Escapes, Traumatized,” World Watch Monitor, August 3, 2011, http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_115849.html.
77 It is interesting to note that the Arabic relative pronoun used to indicate these captive women is “ma”: ma [what] malakat [possess] aymanukum [your right hands], literally, “what your right hands possess” (see Shakir’s acclaimed English translation which most literally translates this). In Arabic, when one refers to a rational being (i.e., a human), the word used is man, which means “who(ever)”; ma, on the other hand, refers only to things or animals—trees, rocks, dogs and cats—very much similar to the English “it.” Thus, in proper Arabic the phrase might have been man malakat aymanukum: “whom(ever) your rights hands possess.” Revered Islamic scholar al-Qurtubi (d.1273) also observed this point in vol. 5, p.12 of his authoritative 20-volume Tafsir Al Koran (Exegesis of the Koran). He points out that members of the human race should be referred to with man (who), whereas only “inanimate objects” or “brute beasts” should be referred to with ma (what). This phenomenon (portraying concubines as nonhuman) accords well with a number of hadiths that place females and animals in the same category. Musnad Ibn Hanbal (vol. 2, p. 2992), for example, records Muhammad saying “Women, dogs, and donkeys annul a man’s prayer.” Indeed, in Qurtubi’s same Tafsir (vol.15, p. 172), after examining such hadiths, he writes, “A Woman may be likened to a sheep—even a cow or a camel—for all are ridden.”
78 “Kuwaiti Activist Calls for ‘Legal Age for Female Slaves’ to Protect Men from Depravity,” Al Arabiya, June 4, 2011, http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/06/04/151770.html, translation by the author. Video of Mutairi is embedded in report.
79 Arabic video of the Hikma television show on which Huwaini made these assertions, IslamicThoughts, YouTube video, May 26, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCt-HILaPM8.
80 Arabic video of television show on which Qutb was pressured to respond to sex-slavery and stormed out, Rfyreytert Asdas, YouTube video, October 16, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCmRnit6IMM, translation by the author.
81 Christopher H. Smith, “SMITH: Escalating violence against Coptic women and girls,” Washington Times, July 26, 2012, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jul/26/escalating-violence-against-coptic-women-and-girls/.
82 Mary Abdelmassih, “Report: Egyptian Muslim Ring Uses Sexual Coercion to Convert Christian Girls,” Assyrian International News Agency, July 13, 2011, http://www.aina.org/news/20110712201559.htm.
83 Myles Collier, “Abductions and Forced Conversions of Christian Coptic Women in Egypt Dramatically Increase,” Christian Post, July 19, 2012, http://global.christianpost.com/news/abductions-and-forced-conversions-of-christian-coptic-women-in-egypt-dramatically-increase-78562/.
84 Abdelmassih, “Report: Egyptian Muslim Ring Uses Sexual Coercion.”
85 As told to the author in a phone interview.
86 Myles Coll
ier, “Abductions and Forced Conversions of Christian Coptic Women in Egypt Dramatically Increase,” Christian Post, July 19, 2012, http://global.christianpost.com/news/abductions-and-forced-conversions-of-christian-coptic-women-in-egypt-dramatically-increase-78562/.
87 Raymond Ibrahim, “Egypt’s Salafi Party Objects to Banning Sex Slavery,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, August 30, 2012, http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypts-salafi-party-objects-to-banning-sex-slavery/.
88 Mary Abdelmassih, “Muslim Gang Attempts to Kidnap Egyptian Christian Mother, 4 Dead,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 18, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20121017202832.htm.
89 Mary Abdelmassih, “Coptic Christian Girl, 14, Abducted By Muslim in Egypt,” Assyrian International News Agency, November 2, 2012, http://www.aina.org/news/20121101201755.htm.
90 “PAKISTAN: The forced marriages of religious minority women must be annuled and the victims returned to their families and communities,” Asian Human Rights Commission, October 25, 2011, http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-159-2011.
91 Raymond Ibrahim, “The Rape and Murder of Afghanistan’s Christian Children,” FrontPage Magazine, October 19, 2012, http://frontpagemag.com/2012/raymond-ibrahim/the-rape-and-murder-of-pakistans-christian-children/.
92 Dan Wooding, “Pakistan: A Christian Minor Girl Murdered after allegedly being Gang Raped by Muslims,” ASSIST News Service, August 26, 2012, http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12080178.htm.
93 Dan Wooding, “Pakistan: Orphan Christian boy found brutally tortured and burned to death,” ASSIST News Service, August 23, 2012, http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12080160.htm.
94 “The long trail of Christian children raped or killed,” Agenzia Fides, August 24, 2012, http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=32088&lan=eng.
95 John Pontifex, “Pakistani Christian Girl Raped and Murdered, Christian Post, May 2, 2009, http://www.christianpost.com/news/pakistani-christian-girl-raped-and-murdered-38418/.
96 “Catholic girl raped by a Muslim,” Agenzia Fides, December 18, 2010, http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=28031&lan=eng.
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