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INDEX
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader’s search tools.
Page numbers in italics refer to in-text illustrations.
Abraham ibn Ezra 110
abstinence xix, 50, 74, 166, 235
see also asceticism
fasting
Abul-Fazl Allami: Ain-e Akbari 264, 266
accommodation: ‘dietary diplomacy’ 259–74
Adam and Eve xviii, xix, 3, 9, 10, 15, 19–20, 32, 43, 45–6, 80–84, 376
see also Paradise
prelapsarianism
Adamites 11, 17, 18, 68
Adam’s Peak, Sri Lanka 45–6, 85
agriculture xxv, 57, 204, 399–412, 441
arable 399–407, 408, 411–12, 426, 445
enclosures 301, 403–5, 578n
farm animals 73, 218–21, 225, 252, 305, 331–2, 382, 400–403, 409, 445
Highland Clearances 250–51, 301, 403
mixed farming 403, 412
resource inefficiency xxv, 158, 211–12, 250–1, 301–2, 399–417, 433–4, 441–2, 447
self–sufficiency 23, 28–9, 63, 73, 86, 203, 213, 224, 251, 418, 426, 429, 573n
Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius 74–5, 76, 110, 126
Occult Philosophy 74, 113
ahimsa (non-violence) xx, xxi, 50, 53, 55, 68, 70, 250, 268
Gandhi and 426–7
Jones and xxv, 290, 292
Mughals and 264–6 see also pacifism
Akbar the Great, Emperor 264–5, 266, 583n
alchemy 61, 74, 99, 110, 113–14
alcohol 7, 8, 19, 28, 47, 57, 139, 157, 165, 171–3, 183, 203, 207, 232, 245, 254, 263, 269, 280, 283, 289, 303, 311, 333, 379, 405–6
teetotalism 6, 19, 28, 43, 71, 74, 122, 162, 167, 173, 186, 192, 203, 229, 243, 273, 352, 379, 393, 424, 439, 530n, 577n
Alcott, Amos Bronson 99, 324, 418, 422, 423
Alcott, William 418
Alexander Romance 44
Alexander the Great 40, 55, 68
Allen, David 248, 581n
Allinson, Dr Thomas 425
America 57, 60, 315, 318, 321 see also United States
American Vegetarian Society 423
Anabaptists 61, 68
anarchism 341, 350, 362, 422, 429–31
anatomy, human carnivorous or
herbivorous xix, xxi–xxiv, 137, 141, 157, 161, 168–9, 177, 181, 195, 199, 202, 217, 239, 252, 300, 363, 375, 404, 567n
appendix 146, 148
breasts 195–7, 199–200, 203
circulatory system xxii, 155–7 claws/nails 141, 147, 177, 206, 388
digestive system xix, xxii, 141–2, 146, 157, 161, 177, 195, 200, 228, 239, 280, 300, 414
hand 161, 206
teeth xxii, 50, 141–2, 146–9, 157–8, 161, 168, 177, 195, 202, 206, 239, 280, 388, 414
Cheyne and 170–2, 177–8
Cocchi and 227 – 228
Gassendi and 140–5, 206
Hecquet and 154–8, 161
Lémery and 149–50
Oswald and 300
Plutarch and 141–2, 206, 388
Rousseau and 195–6, 200, 206
Shelley, Lambe, Newton and 381, 388–9
Tyson and Wallis 138–41, 146–9, 195, 228
see also physiology
nerves
Andry de Boisregard, Nicolas 161
animals
animal attributes
intelligence 123, 179, 198, 247, 297, 324, 441, 596–7n
reason 28, 72, 119, 112, 131–3, 138, 141, 151, 197–8, 218, 221, 335, 356
sensation xxii, 100, 131–2, 141, 170, 177, 179, 197–8, 221, 288, 356, 596–7n
souls 36, 44, 53–4, 58, 76, 90, 93, 119, 126, 131–2, 138, 141, 146, 151, 170, 179–80, 279–80, 282, 323, 334, 360, 581n, 391
see also reincarnation
speech 72, 119–21, 131–2, 138, 141, 289–90, 356, 441
thought 138, 141
breeding and the right to kill 199, 218, 220, 252–3, 331–2
as fellow-creatures 42, 72, 121, 124, 136, 179, 217, 280, 299, 321, 332, 358, 361, 434
Golden Rule applied to xx, 224
by Crab 31, 38
allegedly by Indians 53, 72
by Isaac Newton 104–5, 111–2
implied by Oswald 299
by Tryon 61, 72, 531n
by the Turkish Spy 120–21
by Winstanley 24, 31
animal grave, the human body as 11, 44, 48, 78, 133, 264, 300, 333, 336
animal heaven 19, 24, 36, 93, 179–80, 222, 223, 279–80
human treatment of cruelty xxiii–xxiv, 11, 36, 42, 47, 48, 62, 69, 78, 81, 87, 89, 106–7, 122, 132–4, 178, 189, 193, 201, 281, 288, 296, 338, 353, 363, 382
egalitarianism 66, 122, 178, 217, 325, 370, 389, 594n
friendship with 29, 33, 66, 136, 333, 419, 441–2, 443–4
harmony with xix–xx, xxv, 10, 33, 42, 62, 66–7, 81, 119–22, 209, 250, 265–6, 293, 301, 325, 389–92, 396–7, 412, 415, 430, 434
Indians’ treatment of xix–xxi, xxv–xxvi, 13–14, 39–59, 66, 69, 110–11, 123, 209, 223, 225, 254, 259–74, 279–81, 287–90, 292–4, 295–6, 299, 332, 364
justice to xx, 11, 42, 55, 71, 95, 119, 123, 133, 181, 198, 221, 335, 576n
mercy/pity for xvii, xx, xxiv, 12–13, 33, 36, 47, 69, 90, 100, 102–3, 111, 119–20, 136–7, 168, 177, 188–9, 190–1, 197–8, 201–2, 204, 206, 215–226, 229, 236, 238, 244, 282, 288, 292, 299, 319, 321, 323, 333, 334, 336, 354, 381, 413, 419, 576n
Muslim treatment of 119–22, 517n, 550n
sex with 29–30, 31
social contract with 53, 67, 71–2, 121, 197–8, 250
utilitarian/functional reasons for protecting 47, 51–2, 56–8, 250, 268–9, 280, 289, 303, 305–6
see also ahimsa
compassion
sympathy
included in the greater common good, see Utilitarianism
inhabited by divinity 23–5, 89–90, 105, 299
liberation of 48, 70, 188–9, 205, 209, 247, 354, 356, 364–5, 445
as machines 94, 131–4, 137, 141, 177, 288, 300
man’s dominion over and right (natural or divinely ordained) to eat xvii–xviii, xx–xxi, 9, 12, 24–5, 33, 52, 54–55, 61, 64, 70–1, 73, 78, 88, 121, 124, 133, 137, 151, 177, 189, 204, 215, 220, 222–4, 254, 280, 300, 344, 358, 370, 391, 575n;
overpopulation, as argument for eating 238, 333, 400–1, 403, 413–4, 603n
polluting/contaminating flesh 37, 42, 50, 76, 259, 267–8, 296, 333
protection legislation 71, 102–6, 112, 119, 219, 343–4, 354, 435, 441–3
reincarnated as humans, see reincarnation
rights of xxv, 220–1, 325, 343, 380, 417, 575n
Bentham on 356
Holwell on 280
Oswald on 298, 301, 306
Ritson on 362–5, 368, 370–71
Rousseau’s theory of xxiv, 137, 197–9, 204–5, 224, 298, 310, 356
Tryon on 71–2
sanctuaries and hospitals xx, 53, 70, 204–5, 209, 223–4, 342, 390
suffering deserved for sin in former life 41, 89–90, 94, 133–4, 180–1, 280–1
symbiosis between humans and 220, 413, 445
‘Thou shallt not kill’ applied to 49, 55, 71, 120
(un)necessary suffering 55, 71, 78–9, 86–7, 95, 103, 105, 107, 134, 197–9, 215–226, 252, 320, 341, 343, 356–7
worship of (zoolatry) 51, 70, 109, 261, 268, 299
see also agriculture
carnivores
cow, protection of
ecology
herbivores
meat
Animals’ Friend Society 375
Anson, Commodore George 231, 233–4
anthropocentrism 86, 189, 363, 446
Judaeo-Christian xx, xxv, 71–3, 294, 299, 338, 436, 444–5
Shelley’s 380, 382–3, 384, 386, 394, 397
apes 138–40, 147–8, 195, 213, 253
Apollonius of Tyana 5, 42, 125
Apuleius, Lucius 41, 110
Aquinas, St Thomas 33, 51, 57, 106
Arbuthnot, John 147, 168–9, 563n
Aristotle xviii, 41, 50, 131, 133, 161, 555n
Arnold, Edwin 425
Arrian 250
asceticism 28, 122, 230, 249, 297, 339
Christian 5–7, 8, 20, 37, 42, 151, 261
Hindu 47, 84
monastic 87, 153, 154
Asclepiades 158, 230
Ashoka, King 264
Asiatic Society of Bengal 290, 291, 293
atheism xxv, 115, 117, 138, 140–41, 384
Oswald’s 296–7, 299–300, 338
Ritson’s 363–4, 366–7, 370
Stewart’s 351–2
Aubrey, John 4, 5
Augustine, St, of Hippo 7, 33, 54, 131, 133, 134, 151, 299
Augustine, St, of Canterbury, 262
Aurangzeb, Emperor 56, 57, 266, 583n
Austen, Jane 171, 192–3
Emma 192–3
Austen, Ralph 81
Averröes 69–70
Bachstrom, Johann 233, 234
back-to-nature movement xxiv, 180
Bracknell vegetarians 372–4
German 436
Rousseau’s xxv, 194, 202, 323
Thoreau’s 418–19
Bacon, Francis xx, xxii, 3–5, 11–14, 83, 106, 119, 232
Advancement and Proficience of Learning 12–13
The Great Instauration 3
New Atlantis 7–8
utopianism 7–8, 82
Bahadur Shah II, Emperor 266
Baillet, Father Adrien 135
Baillie, Lady Grisell 168
Baldaeus, Philippus 263, 586n
Baltzer, Eduard 436
banana 46, 210, 212, 237, 260, 579n
Barbauld, Anna Laetitia 223
Barbosa, Duarte 52, 84
Barclay, Lord 187–8
Bardesanes of Edessa 42–3
Barère, Bertrand 303
Bath 164, 167, 169, 175, 188, 192, 247, 275, 333, 352
Bauthumley, Jacob 23, 24
Baxter, Richard 13 – 14
Bayne-Kinnier, David 168
Beale, John 84
beef eating, British culture of xxii, 173, 252, 263, 266–7, 273, 284, 304–6, 305, 336, 340, 343–4, 346, 352, 404
see also meat
Behn, Aphra 63–4, 127
Oronooko 63
Bell, John 314
Bellini, Lorenzo 155, 156, 228
Bennet, Thomas 63
Bentham, Jeremy 308, 355–6, 358, 382
Introduction to the Principle of Morals and Legislation 356
Bentinck, Lord William 267
Bergerac, Cyrano de 140
Bernier, François 51, 56–8, 122, 230, 269
and Gassendi 56, 143–6
Berrow, Capel 281
Besant, Annie 426, 431
Besc
hi, Joseph Constantius 262
Bevan, Silvanus 174
Bianchi, Giovanni 227
Bible xxiv, 11, 13, 16, 40, 57, 77, 112, 120, 121
Cheyne’s interpretation of 178
exegesis 32–4, 57, 61, 249, 292
Genesis xvii–xix, xxi, 11, 110, 123
and Hindu scriptures 278, 291–2
King James version 13
New Testament 33
Prologue to Sirach (Apocrypha) 561n
Proverbs 12–13
see also animals
Bible Christians 343, 384, 422–3
biocentrism 73, 383, 397, 445
biodiversity 201, 360, 412–16
Black, Joseph 242, 243
Blake, William 19, 323, 324
blasphemy 199, 265, 273, 281, 286, 335, 365
vegetarianism as 9, 25, 42, 152, 216–7
see also witches
devils
heresy
mad
superstitious
Blasphemy Act (1650) 21, 22–3, 24, 31, 549n
blood prohibition 20–21, 102–8, 112, 156, 264–5
see also food taboos
blood sports 81, 100, 225, 245, 252, 290, 343–4
see also hunting
Blot, Champagneux de 317
Blount, Charles 125–6, 127, 133
Boemus, Joannes: The Fardle of Facions 47, 68
Boerhaave, Hermann 147, 187, 189, 236–8, 239, 280
Böhme, Jacob 36–7, 61, 75, 285, 533n, 561n
Bohn, Henry George 351
Boinville, Chastel de 322
Boinville, Harriet de 322, 373, 384.
Bolingbroke, Lord 163, 354
Bondt, Jacob 84
Bonneville, Nicolas de 307, 331, 341
Borelli, Lorenzo 155
Bormann, Martin 435, 438
Boswell, James 236, 251–55
The Life of Samuel Johnson 252
Bouchet, Father Jean 93
Bougainville, Comte Louis-Antoine de 387, 388
Bougeant, Guillaume Hyacinthe 282, 576n
Boyle, Sir Robert 79, 82
Bracciolini, Poggio 46
Bracknell vegetarians 372–82, 391, 399, 407, 412, 414–15
Brahmins 40–47, 52, 113, 223, 237, 250
‘Abrahamans’ 110, 113, 547n, 591n
Evelyn on 84, 85, 87–8
genealogy of 54, 110, 547n
Newton on 109–10
Pythagoras and 54–5
Tryon on 64–70, 74–5, 77
in Turkish Spy 118
Voltaire on 288
The Bloodless Revolution Page 66
