by Rod Gragg
5 Encyclopedia of the Confederacy, 696–97; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 178–79; 853–54; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 296–304; John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903), 150–55.
6 Gragg, Covered With Glory, 113–36; Roger L. Rosentreter, “Those Damned Black Hats: The Twenty-fourth Michigan at Gettysburg,” Michigan History Magazine (July–August 1991) 25–31; Henry E. Marsh, “The Nineteenth Indiana at Gettysburg,” Civil War Collection, U.S. Army Military History Institute; “Anniversary of Gettysburg: Forty Years After the Battle,” Charlotte Daily Observer, July 4, 1903.
7 Henry K. Burgywn Journal, August 27, 1861, Burgwyn Family Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; William S. Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 1:276; Archie K. Davis, Boy Colonel of the Confederacy: The Life and Times of Henry King Burgwyn Jr. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985), 9–19; Wilbur Dorsett, “The Fourteenth Color-Bearer,” The Carolina Magazine (1932) 8; Fred A. Olds, “Brave Carolinian Fell at Gettysburg,” Southern Historical Society Papers 35:320.
8 Rosentreter, “Those Damned Black Hats,” 25–31; Alan T. Nolan, The Iron Brigade: A Military History (New York: Macmillan, 1961), 359–66; Alan D. Gaff, “Here was Made Our Last and Hopeless Stand: The ‘Lost’ Gettysburg Reports of the 19th Indiana,” Gettysburg Magazine 2:30–31; “From the Twenty-Fourth,” Detroit Free Press, July 17, 1863; OR, 1:27:1:267–73.
9 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 295–98; OR, 1:27:1:925; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 922–23; Warner, Generals in Blue, 202–3; “How an Eyewitness Watched the Great Battle,” Baltimore American, June 29, 1913; Rufus Robinson Dawes, Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers (Marietta: Alderman & Sons, 1890), 177–79.
10 Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:91–96; Encyclopedia of the Confederacy, 2:549; Encylopedia of the Civil War, 664–65; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 319; James I. Robertson Jr., Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend (New York: Macmillan: 1997), 589; Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: D. Appleton, 1878), 95–96; James Power Smith,”General Lee at Gettysburg,” Southern Historical Society Papers, 33:144–45.
Chapter 5
“He Is There and I Am Going to Attack Him”
1 George Gordon Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, George Meade, ed. (New York; Scribner’s, 1913), 2:62; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:336; Alexander Gardner, Photographic Sketchbook of the War (Mineola: Dover, 1959), 2:86.
2 Meade, Life and Letters of George Meade, 2:68–72; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:336; OR, 1:27:1:72.
3 Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 2:108–10; Henry Moyer, General Lee’s Headquarters at Gettysburg, Penna (Allentown, n.p.: 1911), 1–3; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:245–48; James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1908), 329–31; Alexander K. McClure, ed., The Annals of the War: Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing, 1879), 421–23.
4 Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 1785–1786; Glen Tucker, High Tide at Gettysburg (Gettysburg: Stan Clark Mililtary Books), 241; Meade, Life and Letters, 75–78; Report of the Joint Committee of the Conduct of the War (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1865), 3–15; OR, 1:27:1:126–37.
5 Harry W. Pfanz, Gettysburg: The Second Day (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 170–73; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 195–96; Hood, Advance and Retreat, 55–56.
6 OR, 1:27:1:495–98; Civil War Encyclopedia, 1145–46; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 391; Val Gile, Rags and Hope: The Recollections of Val C. Giles, Four Years with Hood’s Brigade, Fourth Texas Regiment, 1861–1864 (New York: Cowan-McCann, 1961), 180–86; Val Giles, “Four Years with Hood’s Brigade, Fourth Texas Infantry,” Annie B. Giles Papers, John Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin.
7 Samuel L. Webb and Margaret England Armbrester, Alabama Governors: A Political History of the State (University: University of Alabama Press, 2001), 121–26; William C. Oates, “Gettysburg: The Battle on the Right,” Southern Historical Society Papers (1878) 6:172–80.
8 Edward Longacre, Joshua Chamberlain: The Man and the Soldier (Cambridge: Da Capo, 2003), 18–24, 27–28, 134–45; Warner, General in Blue, 76–77; Alice Rains Truluck, In the Hands of Providence: Joshua Chamberlain and the American Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 52, 131–34; Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, “Through Blood and Fire at Gettysburg,” Hearst’s Magazine (June 1913) 23:894–909.
Chapter 6
“Advance, Colonel, and Take Those Colors”
1 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 411; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:580; Richard Moe, The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the the First Min-nesotaVolunteers (New York: Henry Holt, 1993), 268–75.
2 Pfanz, Gettysburg, 170–78; Carl Smith, Gettysburg, 1863: High Tide of the Confederacy (Oxford: Osprey, 1998), 73; Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebelllion (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959), 3:1425; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 391; Frederick Phisterer, ed., New York in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1865 (Albany: D. B. Lyon, 1912), 691; Charles Weygant, History of the One Hundred Twenty-Fourth Regiment, New York State Volunteers (Newburgh: Journal Printing House, 1877), 180–85.
3 Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:36; Lafayette McLaws, “Gettysburg,” Southern Historical Society Papers, 7:70–72; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign , 381; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 578, 859; J. B. Polley, Hood’s Texas Brigade (Dayton: Morningside, 1976), 177; John Coxe, “The Battle of Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran (1913), 21: 433–36.
4 Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:121–23; Levi W. Baker, History of the Ninth Massachusetts Battery (South Framington: Lakeview Press, 1888), 69; J. W. Muffly, ed., A History of the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteeers (Des Moines: Kenyon Printing, 1904), 543; Encyclopedia of the Confederacy, 1:131–32; Noah Andre Trudeau, Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), 133; Fitzgerald Ross, “A Visit to the Cities and Camps of the Confederate States, 1863-1864,” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (December 1864) 96:658–61.
5 OR, I:27:1:809,883; John Bigelow, The Peach Orchard (Minneapolis, MN: Kimball-Storer, 1910), 52–55; Charles Wellington Reed, “A Grand Terrible Dramma”: From Gettsyburg to Petersburg, the Civil War Letters of Charles Wellington Reed, Eric A. Campbell, ed. (New York: Forham University Press, 2000), 345.
6 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 422–24; Burt Feeler, “Reminscences of Col. Colvill,” Paper Presented to North Shore Historical Assembly, August 22, 1936, North Shore Historical Assembly; Moe, Last Full Measure, 268–75; Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge, ed., History of Goodhue County, Minnesota (Chicago: H. C. Cooper, 1909), 520; William Lochren, “Narrative of the First Regiment,” Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861–1865, C. C. Andrews, ed. (St. Paul: Pioneer Press, 1891), 34–38.
Chapter 7
“It Was a Close and Bloody Struggle”
1 Battles and Leaders, 312–13; Jennings Cooper Wise, The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), 2: 652–53; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign , 428–30.
2 Jennings Cooper Wise, The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), 2: 652–53; Charles D. Walker, Memorial Virginia Military Institute: Biographical , 328–34; Robert Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert (New York: Neale Publishing, 1910), 217–18; John P. Nicholson, ed., Pennsylvania at Gettysburg: Ceremonies at the Dedication of the Monuments Erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: E. K. Meyers, 1893), 2:881–82. William Worthington Goldsborough, The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army, 1861–1865 (Baltimore: Guggenheimer, Weil, 1900), 324–25.
3 OR, 1:27:1:775, 780, 827,
856, 866; Encyclopedia of the Confederacy, 2:850, 866; Stephen W. Sears, Gettysburg (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), 325–31; William F. Fox, ed., New York at Gettysburg (Albany: State of New York, 1900), 2:213; Civil War Encyclopedia, 880–81; Battles and Leaders, 3:316.
4 OR, 1:27:2:510; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 425–27; Warner, Generals in Gray, 290; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 1859–1860; David Cleutz, Fields of Fame and Glory: Col. David Ireland and the 137th New York State Volunteers (Bloomington: Xlibris: 2010), 16, 25–26, 156–61, 168; John W. Moore, ed., Roster of North Carolina Troops in the War Between the States (Raleigh: Ashe and Gatling, 1892), 102–4; Ithaca Journal, July 15, 1863.
5 Terry Jones, Cemetery Hill: The Struggle for the High Ground, July 1–3, 1863 (Cambridge: DaCapo, 2003), 86–89; “General Howard’s Best Supper,” Daily Free Press, September 25, 1902; Warner, Generals in Gray, 140; “Isaac Avery’s Message to His Father, July 1863,” Digital Collections, North Carolina Department of Achives and History; Daniel F. Barefoot, General Robert F. Hoke: Lee’s Modest Warrior (Winston-Salem: J. F. Blair), 91–92; Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina, 1:313, 2:136–138.
6 Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina, 1:313; Sixth North Carolina Regiment Casualties Report, Confederate States Army Casualties: Lists and Narrative Reports, 1861–1865, Record Group 109, War Department Collection of Confederate Records, National Archives.
7 Terry L. Jones, Lee’s Tigers: The Louisiana Infantry in the Army of Northern Virginia (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1987), 173–75; Carl Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (Garden City: Doubleday and Page: 1917), 3:24–25; OR, 1:27:2:479–82.
8 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 427; Bradley M. Gottfried, The Brigades of Gettysburg: The Union and Confederate Brigades at the Battle of Gettysburg (Campbridge: DaCapo Press, 2003), 505–6; Schurz, Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, 3:24–25.
9 Jeffry D. Wert, Gettysburg Day Three (New York: Touchstone, 1993), 158–59; John White Johnston, The True Story of “Jennie” Wade (Rochester: Johnston, 1917), 15–27; William Willis Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2001), 232–33.
10 Encylopedia of the Civil War, 326–327; Daniel J. Hosington, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission (Brunswick: Edinborough Press, 2002), 3–5; J. B. Stillson, “Report of J.B. Stillson,” Christian Commission: Report of the Committee of Maryland (Baltimore: James Young, 1864), 255–65.
11 OR, 1:27:2:308; Jeffry D. Wert, Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J.E.B. Stuart (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), 282; Freeman, R.E. Lee, 4:521; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 2:144–148; Robertson, A. P. Hill, 220; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 230; Battles and Leaders, 3:313.
Chapter 8
“The Whole Rebel Line Was Pouring Out Thunder and Iron”
1 OR, 1:27:2:319–21; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 458–61, 473–75; Steven E. Woodworth, Beneath a Northern Sky: A Short History of the Gettysburg Campaign (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), 161.
2 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 473–75; Woodworth, Beneath a Northern Sky, 161; Frank Aretas Haskell, The Battle of Gettysburg (Madison: Democrat Printing, 1908), 59; Edwin E. Bryant, A History of the 3rd Wisconsin Veteran Volunteers (Madision: Veterans Association, 1890), 393–96.
3 Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 209–10; Richard Thompson, “A Scrap of Gettysburg,” Gettysburg Papers, 2:101–2; Charles Weygant, “Officer Gives View of the Battlefield After the Second Day’s Fighting,” New York Sun, June 29, 1913.
4 OR, 1:27:2:319–21; Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 458–61, 473–75; Woodworth, Beneath a Northern Sky, 161; Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 385–89; Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1878), 101–4.
5 Coddington, Gettysburg Campaign, 520–24; James Harvey Kidd, Personal Recollections of a Cavalryman with Custer’s Michigan Cavalry Brigade in the Civil War (Ionia: Sentinel, 1908), 148; Eric J. Wittenberg, ed., At Custer’s Side: The Civil War Writings of James Harvy Kidd (Kent: Kent State University Press, 2001), 129–30; James Harvey Kidd, “Address of James H. Kidd, at the Dedication of Michigan Monuments on the Battlefield at Gettysburg, June 12, 1889,” Journal of the United States Cavalry Association (March 1891) 4:56; Frederick Whitaker, A Complete Life of General George A. Custer (New York: Sheldon, 1876), 2:540–43; Henry B. McClellan, The Life and Campaigns of Major General J.E.B. Stuart (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 343–44.
6 OR, 1:27:1:158–59; 417–18, 464–66, 470–71; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:357–66; Edward Porter Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander, edited by Gary W. Gallagher (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 253–56; Edward Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907), 418–23.
7 OR, 1:27:1:238–39; Winfield Scott, “Pickett’s Charge as Seen from the Front Lines,” The Gettysburg Papers, compiled by Ken Bandy and Florence Freeland (Dayton: Morningside, 1978), 2:904; John Gibbon, Personal Recollections of the Civil War (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1928), 146; Haskell, Battle of Gettysburg, 33–35.
8 OR, 1:27:1:228–43; Warner, Generals in Blue, 242; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 1018; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:372–374.
9 OR, 1:27:1:239; Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3:364–65; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 258–59; Gabor S. Boritt, ed., The Gettysburg Nobody Knows (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 125; E. P. Alexander to G. Pickett, July 3, 1863, Edward Porter Alexander Papers, Manuscripts Collection, Library of Congress; Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 393–94.
Chapter 9
“Up, Men, and to Your Posts!”
1 OR, 1:27:1:428–35; Sears, Gettysburg, 400; Coddington, Gettysburg, 511; Gibbon, Personal Recollections, 150.
2 G. Moxley Sorrell, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale Publishing, 1905), 54; Earl J. Hess, Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 166; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 1518; Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:157; George Edward Pickett and La Salle Corbell Pickett, The Heart of a Soldier: As Revealed in the Intimate Letters of George E. Pickett (New York: Seth Moye, 1913), 51–59; Winfield Scott, “Pickett’s Charge as Seen From the Front Line,” War Papers (Military Order of the Loyal Legion: California Commandary, 1888), 1:1–16.
3 Encyclopedia of the Confederacy, 664; Sorrell, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer, 172; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 261; Derek Smith, The Gallant Dead: Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War (Mechanicsburg: Stackpole), 172; Jacob Hoke, The Great Invasion (Dayton: W. J. Shuey, 1887), 383–87; Henry T. Owen, “Pickett at Gettysburg,” Philadelphia Weekly Times, March 26, 1881.
4 Clyde N. Wilson, Carolina Cavalier: The Life and Mind of James Johnston Pettigrew (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990), 13–17, 41–44, 98–106, 109–14; William S. Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 5:77–79; “Pettigrew’s Old Brigade,” Southern Commanders and Staff Officers File, Robert L. Brake Collection, U.S. Army Military History Institute; Michael W. Taylor, “Col. James Keith Marshall: One of Three Brigade Commanders Killed in the Pickett-Pettigrew-Trimble Charge,” Gettysburg Magazine, 15: 78–80, 84; William F. Fox, Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861–1865 (Albany: Randow, 1889), 555–56; T. J. Cureton to Colonel J. R. Lane, June 22, 1890, John R. Lane Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
5 George T. Fleming, The Life and Letters of Alexander Hays (Pittsburgh: n.p., 1919), 3–4, 14–15, 28–29, 474–75; Warner, Generals in Blue, 223–24; Encylopedia of the Civil War, 958; OR, 1:27:2:644; Gragg, Covered With Glory, 191–96; Franklin Sawyer, A Military History of the 8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Cleveland:
Fairbanks, 1881), 130–31.
6 OR, 1:27:2:467–69, 644, 879–80; June Kimble, “Tennesseeans at Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran (September 1910) 18:451; Shulz, “Double Canister at Ten Yards”: The Federal Artillery and the Repulse of Pickett’s Charge (Redondo Beach: Rank and File, 1995), 55–57; Thomas M. Aldrich, The History of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery (Providence: Snow and Farnham, 1904), 216; James H. Lane, “Letter From General Lane,” Raleigh Observer, November 29, 1877; “Maj. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble,” The Bachelder Papers: Gettysburg in Their Own Words, David L. and Audrey J. Ladd, editors (Dayton: Morningside House, 1994), 2:934, 1199; Birkett D. Fry, “Pettigrew’s Charge at Gettysburg,” Southern Historical Society Papers (January–December 1879), 7: 92–93; Richard S. Thompson, “A Scrap of Gettysburg,” Military Essays and Recollections Read Before the Illinois Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion (Chicago: Dial, 1897), 3: 104–7.
7 Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:191; Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 78–79; Almira Russell Hancock, Reminiscences of Winfield Scott Hancock by His Wife (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1887), 69–71.
8 Howard Coffin, Nine Months to Gettysburg: Stanard’s Vermonters and the Repulse of Pickett’s Charge (Woodstock: Countryman, 1997), 47, 232; Encylopedia of the Civil War, 1112; Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society (Montpelier: n.p. 1871), 73; Ralph O. Sturtevant, Pictorial History of the 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, in the War of 1861–1865 (Burlington, n.p.: 1910), 301–9.
