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Photographic Acknowledgements
© akg-images: frontispiece, plates 3, 4, 6a, 6b, 7, 9, 14, 16; © akg-images/Bismarck Museum, Friedrichsruh: plate 2; © akg-images/Lower Saxony State Museum, Hanover: plate 22; © akg-images/Old National Gallery, Berlin: plates 10, 19, 20; © akg-images/ullstein bild: plate 24; © The Art Institute of Chicago (Franz von Lenbach, German, 1836-1904, Prince Otto von Bismarck, 1896, oil on canvas, 125.6 x 94.3 cm, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Otto K. Eitel, 1956.1205): plate 1; Federal Archives, Koblenz: plates 11 (146-2004-0099), 17 (183-R29818), 23 (183-R68588), 25 (146-1990-023-06A); Federal Office for Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues, Berlin: plate 18; private collection: plate 15; © 2010 Scala, Florence/BPK, Berlin: plates 8, 21, 26; © 2010 Scala, Florence/BPK, Berlin/Bavarian State Library, Munich: plate 13; © 2010 Scala, Florence/Jörg P. Anders/BPK/Old National Gallery, Berlin: plate 5; © 2010 Scala, Florence/BPK, Berlin/Prussian Palaces and Gardens, Potsdam: plate 12; from Prince von Bismarck in Friedrichsruh, 1892, by Christian Wilhelm Allers: plate 27
Index
Abeken, Heinrich Johann Wilhelm Rudolf (1809–72), Prussian diplomat, evangelical theologian, and Bismarck staff member
Bismarck makes the object of jokes and insults 207
Agriculture in Prussia and Germany
Marwitz defends against industry in 1811 24
Bismarck prefers forestry to 34
Bismarck studies at Greifswald 51
Growth between 1800 and 1850 in productivity of Prussian 52
Depression in the nineteenth century with price table 331
Von Selchow as Prussian minister of 190, 341
Henckel von Donnersmarck, huge increase in American imports (1879) 331
Von Selchow dismissed as minister 342
Bismarck complains (1877 and 1878) on losses on estates 359
Bamberger on tariffs for 378
Lucius von Ballhausen appointed Minister of 384
Albedyll, Heinrich Johann Ludwig Wilhelm von, Prussian General and Chief of the Military Cabinet (1872–83)
Exercises ‘invisible dictatorship’ via control of army promotions 163
Supports Crown Prince (1886) 42
Agrees with Stosch that Bismarck jealous of outside influence on young Prince Wilhelm 431
Commands VII corps during miners’ strike and dismisses owners’ complaints 440
Albert (Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht Prinz von Preußen) (1809–72), Prince of Prussia, brother of King William 83, 242–3
Alexander II of Russia, Tsar (1818–81) 147, 149, 151
Realizes need for reform after defeat in Crimea 128–9
Broken-hearted at betrayal by Franz Joseph 151
Goes to Berlin to join William I and Franz Joseph (1872) 327
As protector of the Balkan Slavs 328, 353
Intervenes to warn Kaiser not to go to war with France (1875) 352
Wants Bismarck to support Russia in Balkans 354
Offended by outcome of Berlin Congress 373, 385,
Kaiser William loves, as son of his favourite sister 386
Meets Kaiser in Poland (1879) 386–7
Alexander III of Russia (1845–94), Tsar 419
No longer ready to renew Three Emperors’s League in 1887 324
Asks Bismarck (October, 1889) whether he is certain of support of young Kaiser 441
Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina (1798–1860), wife of Nicholas I of Russia (née Princess Charlotte of Prussia) 102, 151
A mother-figure for Bismarck: Dowager Tsarina, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna as ‘homey’ 151–2
Alvensleben, Gustav von (1803–81), Generaladjutant
8 February 1863 signs on behalf of Prussia a convention with Russia to suppress Polish revolt 192
Andrae-Roman, Ferdinand Ludwig Alexander (1821–1903)
Unusual background for a Pomerian estate-owner 324
Writes to Ludwig von Gerlach (15 February, 1872) that Bismarck has ‘gone down hill’ 324
Andrássy, Julius (Gyula) the elder, Count (1823–1890), Minister-President of Hungary (1867), and Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (1871–9)
‘Andrassy Note’ urges Turkey to reform itself 352
As Bismarck’s ‘tool’ 357
Russell complains that makes a play for Disraeli at Congress of Berlin 371
Bismarck meets at Bad Gastein, 27–28 August 1879 385
Uses dualism to make Hungary a great power 386
Dual alliance treaty negotiated 387
anti-semitism
Edmund Burke on Jews as gainers from French Revolution 21–2
Von der Marwitz and 23–5
Jews enemies of the Christian state 24
Ewald Frie: ‘anti-Judaism [is] at its core anti-modernity’ 25
Richard Wagner publishes (1850) anonymously anti-semitic pamphlet Das Judenthum in der Musik: the Jew corrupts art by money and must always be alien 388–90
Moltke’s staff officers make jokes about Rothschilds and initials of James Rothschild as Judenkönig 295
Moltke’s staff call Bleichröder the Chancellor’s ‘private Jew’ 295
Bismarcks mocks Bleichröder as a dog ‘sniffing’ other Jew bankers 295
Bismarck insults Rothschild butler by treating him as Jewish merchant 296
Windthorst condemns it 396
Reichensperger describes the Jew Debatte, 20–22 November 1880 397
Bismarck likes some Jews: Lassalle, Bamberger, and Eduard Simon 206
Bamberger on 397–8
Evangelical Christian aristocrats and conversion societies 92
Evangelische Kirchenzeitung (1865): reform Jews as vermin, snails, etc. 390–1
Rosenberg on Great Depression as condition for rise of new kind of anti-semitism 393
Nineteenth century in Germany Jews represent capitalism 475
Richter (December 1881): the antisemites are Bismarck’s children 398
Bismarck determined to ‘crush’ property-less Jews 398
Bismarck permits attacks on Jews to damage Progressive Party 402–3
Lasker tries to console Auerbach about 399–400
Waldersee believes ‘World Jewry’ conspires to defame Prince William 434
Arnim-Boitzenburg, Adolf Heinrich Count von (1803–68)
Acts as patron of Bismarck in Aachen 46
Rapid rise in Prussian civil service and minister president 1848 47
Bismarck abuses his trust and good will 50
Bismarck’s conduct ‘no longer appropriate’, orders transfer to Potsdam 50
Bismarck writes to him (1864) that he intends to use national sentiment against the Danes 218
Arnim-Kröchlendorff, Malwine von, Bismarck’s sister 55
Little sister speaks quite well but mixes French and German 38
Bismarck complains how miserable he is 61–2
Tells sister ‘all right’, engagement to Johanna settled 66
Bismarck goes with, to cemetary in Friedrichshain and rages at tributes to the fallen in 1848 103
Arnim-Kröchlendorff, Oskar von (1813–1903)
Married to Bismarck’s sister Malwine 56
Goes as second to Bismarck’s duel with Vincke 120
Dines with Bismarck mid-January, 1859 147
Votes against the local government bill 338
Arnim-Suckow, Harry Karl Kurt Eduard Count von (1824–81), Diplomat
Co-signs as ambassador to France French peace treaty 1871 326
Bismarck destroys brutally 342–3
Auerbach, Berthold (1812–82), popular novelist
Shattered by anti-semitic outburst in 1880 395
Letter to brother that life has been in vain 395–6
Lasker tries to console and give hope to 399–400
Augusta, Queen of Pr
ussia/German Empress (1811–90) (née Augusta Marie Luise Katharina von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)
Bismarck meets to ask Prince William to act against King (1848) 87–8
Welcomes ‘New Era’ liberal government 139
Invites Roon to be tutor to Prince Frederick 140–1
Calms Roon on difficulties of military reform 147
From ‘Ernestine’ line of Saxon dynasty and likes to talk ‘Saxon dialect 266
At British Embassy dinner Bismarck avoids sitting next to her 34
Bismarck meets Augusta on holiday in 1844 55
Crown Princess records dismay at appointment of Bismarck 179, 182
Bismarck and Augusta’s support for Duke of Augustenburg 222
Gets political intelligence from Roggenbach 239
Alarmed at Bismarck’s treatment of small German kingdoms 265
Roggenbach (1869) says that Bismarck no longer sure of policy 276
Not aware that she had become Empress (1871) 308
Odo Russell on Bismarck’s hatred of 358
Hildegard hears Bismarck say ‘murder the Queen’ 357
Advocates parliamentary regime 361
As ‘enemy’ of Bismarck 179, 238, 407, 480
Represents the Bismarckian ‘strong woman complex’ 469–71
Bach, Alexander Freiherr von (1813–93), architect of ‘neo-absolutist’ system in Austria, 1852–59
Bismarck complains of ‘Jewish clique’ under 123
Bamberger, Ludwig (1823–99)
Bismarck’s attitude to as Jew 206, 388, 476
Brother Rudolf writes on effect of victory 1866 253
Publishes article in 1867 on Bismarck as revolutionary 263
Dismissed as one of the ‘Jews’ that Delbrück consults 272
Suspects that Bismarck needs tariffs to protect his lumber holding 378
On anti-semitism in 1880 397
Anger that no minister attends Lasker’s funeral 401
To Stauffenberg on despair at Cartel Election results 423
William II’s visit to Rome ‘fiasco’ 439
As ‘neighbour’ gets inside story of Bismarck’s visit to Empress Victoria 443–4
Comment on Bismarck’s departure, ‘Great Devil’ of Germany 452
Below-Hohendorf, Alexander Ewald von (1801–82), great landowner, member of the Reichstag and of the Prussian House of Lords
Bismarck: A Life Page 72
