Furious at Windthorst for going to Bismarck’s reception 381
Mühler, Heinrich von (1813–74), Prussian Minister of Religion
Bismarck thinks ‘influenced by clever wife’ 190
Denies that Bismarck has any religion, just materialism and power 320
Blamed for allowing a Catholic intransigent to head teacher training college 326
Normann, Karl von (1827–88), private secretary to the Crown Prince 189, 254, 429
Orloff, Katarina Princess 69
Bismarck and his infatuation with her 175–7
Perthes, Clemens Theodor (1809–67), jurist, publisher, founder of ‘Inner Mission’, and friend of Albrecht von Roon
Roon tells that he knows Bismarck a ‘political genius’ 6
Hildegard Spitzemberg touched by Roon’s account of his friendship with 10
Roon writes that all he does is pass on orders up and down (1857) 142
Roon says that Prussia is ‘humiliated’ (1859) 154
Description of Perthes and his position 158
Recognizes (correctly) that Roon now a historical character 158
May 1862: assesses the two sides of Bismarck’s nature, and his religion 172–3
Roon complains of the ‘poisonous enemies’ he accumulates 175
Perthes complains (1864) of official press’s mockery of legitimate princes 185
May 1862: assesses the two sides of Bismarck’s nature, and his religion 172–3
Sees Bismarck’s cold calculation and ruthlessness 466–7
Pius IX (1792–1878) (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti), Pope from 16 June 1846 to 7 February 1878
Condemns all aspects of liberalism 259, 318
On 29 June 1868 issued invitations for a Vatican Council 275
Encyclical UBI NOS 15 May 1871 breaks off relations with the godless Italian state 317
And Hohenzollern Monarchy 335
Encyclical Quod Numquam (On the Church in Prussia) 1875 declares Prussian church laws invalid 347
Death and legacy of 348
Podbielski, Eugen Anton Theophil von (1814–79), Prussian General 290, 295, 300, 301, 310
Pourtalès, Albert Count von (1812–61), Prussian Diplomat
Complains about Bismarck’s ‘use-and-discard’ attitude to staff and colleagues 473
Prokesch von Osten, Anton, Count (1795–1876), orientalist, writer, and diplomat, Austrian ambassador to the Bund 123, 124–5, 128
Bismarck wants him to stay, ‘such a clumsy opponent I shall never get again’ 127
Prussian army
Same names fight the wars from 1740 to 1945 18–20
116 Kleists served under Frederick the Great, 30 of whom died 61
By 1880 even more Puttkamers than Kleists had ‘served’ in 383
Baron von Osten in Fontane’s Irrungen, Wirrungen (888) embodies its ethos 19
General Staff a ‘learning organisation’ 20
1870 order of battle, same group of families hold almost all field commands 291
Efficient ‘mediocrity’ crucial to victories in 1866, says Prince Frederich Charles 252
Radowitz, Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von (1797–1853), Prussian General and friend of Frederick William IV
And the unification of Germany under Prussia 103–7
Bismarck thinks manipulates Count Brandenburg 105
Bismarck’s assessment of his character and strengths 107
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von (1839–1912), German diplomat, son of the above 385
Rantzau, Kuno Otto Heinrich Hermann Karl Count zu (1843–1917), Bismarck’s son-in-law 402, 404
Writes Herbert that father confuses Treaty of 1884 with Reinsurance Treaty 462
Rantzau, Marie Countess von (née Bismarck) (1848–1926) 95, 264, 404, 459
Bismarck disappointed that no interest beyond family 69
Bismarck describes travels with the infant Marie 106
Rechberg und Rothenlöwen, Johann Bernhard Count von (1806–99), Austrian Foreign Minister (1859–1964) 18, 213, 220, 225, 226
Replaces Prokesch as ambassador to the Bund 127
Has quick temper and Bismarck calls him a Kratzbürste (scratch brush) 212
Outmanoeuvred in the negotiations about Schleswig and Holstein 222–4
Reichensperger, August (1808–95), Catholic activist, lawyer and Member of Prussian and Reich Parliaments 161, 274, 303, 322, 397, 413
Reichensperger, Peter (1810–92), younger brother of August, Centre Party Member of the Reichstag and Landtag, lawyer and academic 273, 303, 397
Richter, Eugen (1838–1906), Leader of Left Liberals
On Bismarck’s possible retirement (1877) and tariff 357–8
Displays ‘revolutionary tendencies’ by asserting civil rights 385
Anti-semites are Bismarck’s children 398
Sees Bismarck’s peace with Catholics as trick to end universal suffrage 411
Bismarck attacks as opponent of Septennat 420
Roedern, General Maximilian Count von (1816–98)
Brutality about suicide of Mayor of Frankfurt (1866) 256
Roggenbach, Franz Freiherr von (1825–1907)
Considers Bismarck (1860) ‘an unprincipled Junker who wants to make his career in rabble-rousing’ 165
As centre of anti-Bismarckian clique around Augusta 239
Tries with Queen to protect Baden after 1866 266
Writes Queen (1869) that Bismarck is ‘ill’ and has lost control of events 276
Crown Prince (1871) tries to get appointed new governor of Alsace 310
Roggenbach describes Bismarck’s rule as ‘a specialization in dishonourable humiliation’ 336
Has an idea of what Bismarck is really like 343
Von Neumann writes how people are ‘degrading themselves to mere tools of the All-Powerful One’ 362
On Hohenlohe who as Bavrian Catholic cannot mak people fear him 459
Roman Question (loss of the ‘Temporal Power’ of the Popes)
Crown Prince Frederick thinks Italian seizure of Rome the end 316
Dissidio after 1870 ever more bitter 317–18
First stage in the Kulturkampf 276
Centre Party (1871) demands restoration of 316
Abolished and Pius IX declares mourning 317
Roon, Albrecht Count von (1803–79) Prussian General and Minister of War 44, 87, 136, 162, 196, 225, 227, 277, 337, 341, 471
Suffers from asthma and will ‘die by the neck’ 175, 303, 343
Recognises how remarkable Bismarck was from his first contact, a ‘political genius’ 6
Knows that he put Bismarck into office 10, 185
Explains how embarrassing Bismarck’s uniforms were 19
Bismarcks meets in 1834 and spends summer working with 43
Roon and wife in 1850s ‘were basically living on his salary’ 44
Meets Bismarck and Johanna on honeymoon (1847) 83
May have arranged a meeting with King in Venice (1847) 84
Disgusted by Frederick William’s surrender to mob in 1848 86
King William salutes as one of three architects of victory in 1870 137–8
King promises at initiation of Order of St John (1858) high office 139–40
Modest Dutch bourgeois, Jewish (?) ancestors of 140
William and Augusta want Roon to tutor Prince Frederick but refuses 140–1
Roon’s service in 1848 and regiment allows him to get close to William 141
King invites to propose army reforms (1858) and his text of 142–5
Von Bonin opposes reforms and Augusta cautions him on impatience about 147–8
Tells Perthes that Prussia ‘humiliated’ (1859) 154
Angry confrontation with Steinmetz over reform and Brandt doubts about 157
Wrangel supports and says must be Minister of War 157
29 November 1859: Prince Regent appoints Minister of War 158
Perthes recognizes his new historic office 158
Army reforms
‘important’ to King and to Landtag 159–60
Bismarck confers with on his future and crisis 161
Attacked in parliament 162
Manteuffel as military cabinet chief closer to King than Moltke and 163
Manteuffel bombards with bellicose advice in Conflict of 1862–3 164, 170, 172
Records that Bismarck has several audiences with King (1862) 172
Bismarck as the only man who can resolve crisis 165
King laments his ‘bucket full of trouble’ 168
Summons Bismarck (1861) with first periculum in mora telegram 168
Cannot reach Bismarck to confer 169
Bismarck rejects proposal to be ‘minister without portfolio’ and his reply 173–4
Desperate letter to Bismarck (June 1862) 174
Writes Perthes about the number of his ‘poisonous’ enemies (July 1862) 175
Begs Bismarck to accept minister without portfolio (31 August 1862) 177
Arranges Bismarck’s audience with and appointment by William I 177–8
Bleichröder reports that will remain as minister of war in Bismarck’s cabinet 179
Perthes protests at the way official press mock princely sovereignty 185
Offers Landtag concessions on three-year service 186
Cites Lassalle’s view of constitutions as about power in Landtag 203
Bismarck asks about military moves in Schleswig and Holstein 213
To Perthes (1864) how war tears up international agreements 214
Bismarck confesses anxiety that Royal family backs Augustenburg 215
Essential to Bismarck as soldier who can go directly to King 216
Urges King with Moltke to gain a victory for prestige 217
Sums up situation to Blanckenburg in May 1864 219–20
As ‘truest friend’ warns Bismarck about army opinion on eve of war 220–1
To Blanckenburg worried that ‘Otto made too many concession in London’ (1864) 221
Argues for constitutionality of borrowing to finance Danish war 223
On Bismarck’s ‘neurotic impatience’ 224
Manteuffel after Crown Council (1865) begs to keep Bismarck under control 228
Bismarck discusses financing the war with 230
To Blanckenburg (August 1865) schemes work and enough money for war at hand 232
Both Moltke and Roon come from untypical Prussian backgrounds: Denmark and Holland 235
Worries about Bismarck’s health and mental stability (March 1866) 238
Bismarck needs to arrange audience with King 239
One of the two (Moritz) to whom Bismarck can tell truth 257
Lasker defeats in election in Berlin district (1867) 269
Stosch writes that Bismarck knows Roon is right on Reich ministry of war but refuses 275
Pleads with Bismarck (1869) not to resign 278
Bismarck furious letter to about resignation crisis 279
Writes Moritz crushing judgement on Bismarck’s character (January 1870) 280
Attends informal dinner Crown Council (1870) on Spanish canditure 283
‘Dejected’ at news that Hohenzollern candidature collapsed 287
Helps draft telegram from Bad Ems (1870) 288–9
Reassures Lucius that no rush to mobilize 289
Has room in Ferrières during Franco-Prussian War 295
Goes with Moltke to refuse bombardment of Paris 297
Bronsart on all against in 1870 298
Grows ‘more ill each day’ because Moltke will not bombard Paris 301
9 January 1871, his 50th anniversary in army Crown Prince notes terrible asthma 303
Carries sceptre in procession in 1871 310
Votes ‘yes’ (1872) in House of Lords on school supervisory law 324
Sells estate (1875) to Bleichröder, purchaser as Jew omitted from his papers 330
Considers resignation in 1872 and actually resigns in December 1872 341–2
Agrees to division of Prussian and Reich presidencies and becomes Prussian Minister-President of Prussia 342–3
Bismarck tells him that he loses friends and gains none 342
Hildegard on Roon’s charater on reading his diary 10
Lucius sums up Roon’s character as ‘perfect type of the severe, dutiful, conscientious, Prussian’ 379
Bismarck’s lukewarm tribute in memoirs 379
Perthes warns of Bismarck’s ‘cold cunning’ 466–7
Modest Dutch background, possibly Jewish ancestors in Holland 140
Admiration for 436
Rottenburg, Franz von (1845–1907), Chief of the Reich Chancellor’s Office 441, 442
Russell, Francis Charles Hastings (1819–91), 9th Duke of Bedford 335, 369, 370
Russell, Lady Emily (1843–1927), 3rd daughter of 4th Earl of Clarendon
Unique honour of dinner at Embassy for Emperor and Empress 34–5
Pleased that Odo gets highest wish to grapple with Bismarck 298
Bismarck tells how hard it is to control his temper with Centre Party 336
Russell, Odo William Leopold (1829–1884), first Baron Ampthill, diplomatist 128
Gladstone sends to Prussian HQ to meet and deal with Bismarck 298
Unusual continental and linguistic background 298–9
To permanent under-secretary ‘charmed’ by Bismarck 299
Bismarck tells three Emperors like Canova’s Three Graces 328
Bismarck misunderstands and underrates power of church 334
Bismarck as demonic 5, 184, 194, 335
Calm in 1875 ‘war in sight’ crisis 351–2
To Lord Derby on Bismarck as the author of his own misfortunes 358
Portrait of Franz Joseph’s arbitrary behavior 152
Flatters Disraeli into speaking English at Congress of Berlin, not his bad French 368
Comments on the Congress of Berlin 369–72
Catholic prelates go to heaven ‘like rockets’ as martyrs to Bismarck 335
With Morier calles Bismarck Zornesbock (the raging billy-goat) 465
Lady Emily ‘unique favour’ of Imperial couple at dinner in embassy 34–5, 470
Saxony 403
Prussia wants all of (1815) 26
In Alliance of Three Kings (1849) 104
In Federal Assembly with one vote 111
Buol wants to ‘restore’ Saxony in 1855 127
Engels amazed at industrialization of 144
Bismarck plans universal suffrage to undermine dynasty of 191
Tells Beust, prime minister of how he used Augustenburg 221
French traveller describes monarchical self-confidence of 247
Prussian troops invade 249
King William demands slice of in 1866 255
Queen Augusta from ‘Ernestine’ line of Saxon dynasty 266
Miners strike in 440
Kings of
Johann (1801–73) 1854–73 182, 197, 253, 268
Albert (1828–1902) 1873–1902 457
Bismarck irritable that he must call on 404
Bismarck ‘cannot listen to a contrary opinion’(1880) 405
Savigny, Karl Friedrich von (1814–75), Prussian Diplomat and Aachen friend of Bismarck 261
Bismarck asks to bring dress suit (1837) because engaged to Isabella Lorraine-Smith 49
Bismarck asks to return legal documents to office when he quits civil service 60
Remarks that Delbrück interested in what bores Bismarck 271
First chairman of the new Centre Party (December 1870) 303
Scharlach, Gustav (1811–81), ‘Corp brother’ and university friend of Bismarck
Bismarck’s famous letters to 42 43, 45, 60, 105
Schleinitz, Alexander von (1807–85), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1858–61) and (from 1861) Minister of the Royal Household 157, 161, 165, 169, 181
Bismarck tells William (1859) that is a courtier not a statesman 146
Indecisive in 1859 154
Attends emotional meeting as Household Min
ister on title of Emperor 306
Schleinitz-Wolkenstein, Marie Gräfin von (1842–1912), Berliner Salonière
Mimi, sister of Herbert’s lover, Elizabeth Princess Carolath, and sister of another ‘enemy’ 407–8
Schlözer, Kurd von (1822–94), German Diplomat 165
Bismarck brags about how he deceived everybody in 1862 182–3, 466
Bismarck banishes for one wisecrack too many 183
Schmerling, Anton von (1805–93), Austrian liberal politician and organizer of the 1863 Congress of Princes 196
Schwarzenberg, Felix (1800–52), Prince of Schwarzenberg, Duke of Krumlov, Count of Sulz, Princely Landgrave of Kelttgau 104, 107, 123
Schwarzenberg’s death, loss of the one Austrian leader of stature 124
Schweinitz, Hans Lothar von (1822–1901), Prussian General and Ambassador to Russia and Austria 240, 267, 354
On the way military cabinet chief has become another despot 163
Worries that Congress of Berlin ‘going very badly’ 371
Tsar (August 1879) complains to about German policy 385
‘Dictatorship of Bismarck’ has been beneficial to the masses but for elites leaves ‘a very impressive secondary tyranny’ 467
Schweninger, Ernst (1850–1924) Bismarck’s house physician
Cures Bismarck of overweight and sleeplessnes 413–15
Substitute for maternal care 415–16
Koch on his unconventional lectures and methods in 1906 414–15
Schwerin, Maximilian Count von (1804–72), Prussian Minister of Religion
Accuses Bismarck (1863) of putting power above morality 320, 472
Selchow, Werner Ludolph Erdmann von (1806–84)
As Prussian Minister of Agriculture Bismarck’s low opinion of 190
Sennft-Pillsach, Ernst von (1795–1882)
Urges Bismarck to turn back to faith and Bismarck mocks him 339–40
Spitzemberg, Carl Freiherr Hugo von 67, 68, 69, 311
Spitzemberg, Hildegard Freifrau Hugo von
First impressions of Bismarck and Johanna 67–8,
Her character and background 68
Bismarck’s taste in literature 45
On reading Roon’s diary 10
On Johanna’s ‘old rags’ as court dress 68
Bismarck on his marriage and daughter as disappointment 69
Bismarck on Foot Guards as ‘military monastery’ 17
Attends State Opening of the new Reichstag, 1871 301
Attends the victory party at the Bismarcks 311
Relieved in 1872 that no ‘Jew barons’ appointed to House of Lords 341
Bismarck: A Life Page 77
