in Peloponnesian War, 16
in revolt of 331 B.C., 74, 151–52
Spartacus, 28
Sphithridates, 1
Spitamenes, xvi, 156, 157, 189, 191, 200, 230
Stalingrad, 30
Stateira, 199
Stockdale, James, 69
strategic intuition, of great commanders, 7
strategy, military, 11–12, 29–40, 188–89
of Alexander, 4, 11–12, 30, 31–34, 76, 105, 118, 162, 191, 239
of Caesar, 4, 11–12, 30, 37–39, 94, 95, 190, 230, 246, 248
of Hannibal, 4, 11–12, 30, 34–37, 56, 168–70, 172–75, 190–91, 230, 235, 242, 248
of Pompey, 65, 92, 93, 95, 103, 132–33, 139
see also attrition, strategy of
strategy, political, 40–47
of Alexander, 40–43, 215
of Caesar, 45–47, 95, 101, 215, 245
of Hannibal, 43–45, 214–15, 231–32, 242
Sulla, Dictator of Rome, 28, 46, 63, 176, 226
Sulla, Publius, 136
Susa, 82, 143, 148, 239
Syllium, 73
synergy, in armies, 11
Syphax, King of Numidia, 208, 210
Syracuse, 165, 170
Syria, 75, 113
Syrian Gates, 76
Tacitus, 133
Taenarum, Cape, 200–201
Tarentum, 166
Tarraco, 89
Tarsus, 179
Taxila, 158
Tenedos, 81
Tenth Legion, 136, 180, 186, 187
Termessus, 73
terror:
Alexander’s use of, 12–13, 43, 53, 80, 144, 161, 235, 239, 248
Caesar’s use of, 12, 13, 45, 132, 144, 235, 248
Hannibal’s use of, 13, 144, 235, 248
Thapsus, Battle of (46 B.C.), 183–84, 186, 191, 247
Thebes, 12, 42, 239
Thermopylae, Battle of (480 B.C.), 53
Thessalian cavalry, 51, 52, 78, 79, 114, 117–18
Thessaly, 103, 130, 133
Thirteenth Legion, 38
Thrace, 42, 50
Thucydides, 65, 104, 134
Ticinum (Pavia), 56, 57
Ticinus River, Battle of (218 B.C.), 57–58, 90, 122, 167, 209
Tigris River, 112, 113
Trasimene, Lake, Battle of (217 B.C.), 85–86, 90, 122, 169
Trebia (Trebbia) River, Battle of (218 B.C.), 56, 58–60, 90, 122, 125, 242
Troy (Ilion), 41
Turin, 13
Tyre, 112, 220
Tyre, siege of (332 B.C.), 70, 80–81, 83, 203, 239
Umbria, 167
Utica, 211
Uzitta, 183
vanity, 19, 247
Varro, Gaius Terentius, xvi, 122, 123, 144
war:
of attrition, see attrition, strategy of
five stages of, 14–17; see also specific stages
luck in, 14, 16
political constraints on, 16, 18–19
unpredictability of, 16, 64–65
Wars of the Successors (322–275 B.C.), 207
war strategy, 11, 12
Xenophon, 22
Xerxes, King of Persia, 41, 82, 149
Zagros Mountains, 107, 109, 143, 149, 204
Zama, Battle of (202 B.C.), 213, 215–18, 242
Zela, Battle of (47 B.C.), 179
Zeleia, 49, 50
Zeus, Alexander as son of, 116, 233, 241–42
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:
Strauss, Barry S.
Masters of command : Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, and the genius of leadership / Barry Strauss.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Generals—History. 2. Command of troops—History. 3. Military history, Ancient. I. Title.
UB200.S78 2012
355.0092’237— dc23
2011036243
ISBN 978-1-4391-6448-8
ISBN 978-1-4391-6449-5 (pbk)
ISBN 978-1-4391-6907-0 (ebook)
B005GG0JPO EBOK Page 37
