150. Ibid.
151. Perkins to Kenny, June 4 1945, Dr. James E. Perkins, 1944–1945, MHS-K.
152. Kenny to Dear Dr. Perkins, June 6 1945, Dr. James E. Perkins, 1944–1945, MHS-K.
153. “Doctors See Film of Kenny Cure” New York Journal-American [October 31 1945], Clippings, MHS-K.
154. Kent H. Powers to Dear Mr. Stone, October 13 1944, Public Relations, MOD-K.
155. JLL to CK Memorandum re Miss Kenny’s Film, December 11 1944, Public Relations, MOD-K.
156. Kenny to Dear Sir [Captain L. W. White, New Zealand Air Mission], April 23 1945, Personal Correspondence and Related Papers, 1942–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to My Dear Dr. Boines, April 23 1945, Dr. George J. Boines, 1941–1946, MHS-K; [Cohn notes, after interview with] Mary and Stuart McCracken, May 19 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; Alexander Maverick, 164, 167–169.
157. Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Kenny to Honorable Sir [President Truman], October 12 1945.
158. Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945; Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K. Bauwens was a major figure in British and European physical medicine, and later was one of the founders, along with Frank Krusen, of the International Federation of Physician Medicine and Rehabilitation. A specialist in electrotherapy and clinical electromyography, he made these fields professionally respectable by bringing together the disparate physicians working with electricity and other physical modalities into a formal organization in the 1930s, which became the British Association of Physical Medicine in 1944.
159. “Report of the Meeting of the British Association of Physical Medicine on the ‘Kenny Treatment’ ” British Journal of Physical Medicine (1945) [reprinted in] Archives of Physical Medicine (September 1946) 27: 579–580.
160. Harold Balme, letter to editor, “The Kenney [sic] Treatment” Lancet (August 11 1945) 2: 186.
161. Bauwens to Dear Sister Kenny, July 31 1945, Minnesota-Hospitals, Sister Kenny Institute, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS.
162. Brian Stanford to Dear Sir [Marvin Kline], September 27 1945, England—Misc., 1942, 1950, MHS-K; Marvin L. Kline to Dear Doctor Stanford, September 10 1945, England—Misc., 1942, 1950, MHS-K. See also Stanford “The Evolution of the Medical Film in Britain,” 385–387.
163. Widely respected and with family connections in Belgium, Bauwens may have suggested to Kenny that she contact Leon Laruelle at the Neurological Institute in Brussels; F. S. Cooksey “Philippe Bauwens, F.R.C.P.” Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (May 1942) 13: 49–50. According to Kenny, it was Baron Waha de Baillonville, the Belgian representative of the Red Cross in Britain, who arranged for Kenny to visit Brussels; Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945.
164. Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945.
165. Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945; Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945; Kenny to Gentlemen [Board of Regents, University of Minnesota], September 20 1945, University of Minnesota—Board of Regents, 1945–1946, MHS-K.
166. Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945.
167. Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens [September 1945], Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945. Laruelle had produced medical films himself in the 1930s on paraplegia, encephalitis, and other neurological conditions.
168. Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945; Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens [September 1945].
169. Marvin L. Kline to Dear Doctor Bauwens, September 10 1945, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K.
170. Kenny to My Dear Dean Diehl, September 22 1945, University of Minnesota—Board of Regents, 1945–1946, MHS-K.
171. John F. Pohl “The Kenny Concept and Treatment of Infantile Paralysis: Report of Five Year Study of Cases Treated and Supervised by Miss Elizabeth Kenny in America” Journal-Lancet (August 1945) 65: 265–271.
172. Maurice B. Visscher and Jay A. Myers [Editorial] “Sister Kenny Five Years After” Journal-Lancet (August 1945) 65: 309–310.
173. “‘U’ Medics Clash Over Success of Kenny Concept” [Minneapolis newspaper] August 23 1945, Minnesota Poliomyelitis Research Committee, Box 1, UMN-ASC.
174. Kenny to Gentlemen [Board of Regents, University of Minnesota], September 20 1945; Proceedings Before the Board of Regents, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota: In the matter of Sister Elizabeth Kenny, Elizabeth Kenny Institute, Inc., 18th and Chicago Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 10 1945, University of Minnesota—Board of Regents, 1945–1946, MHS-K.
175. J. A. Myers “Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) in Minnesota Including the Elizabeth Kenny Episode” Box 19, Sister Kenny Institute 1938–1946, Myers Papers, UMN-ASC, 42.
176. Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, May 22 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Oxley-SLQ.
177. Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, October 29 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ; Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, May 22 1945; [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, September 27 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ; Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, November 22 1944, Wilson Collection.
178. [Chuter] to Dear Mr. Editor, June 17 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
179. “Professor Attacks Sister Kenny” Brisbane Sunday Telegraph April 15 1945.
180. J. V. Duhig to Dear Mr. Chuter, August 5 1945, Box 3, Folder 13, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
181. [Chuter] to Dear Professor Wilkinson, August 21 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ; [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, September 27 1945.
182. [Chuter] to Dear Professor Wilkinson, August 21 1945ary of Queensland; [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, September 27 1945; Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, September 6 1945.
183. [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, October 5 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
184. [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, December 20 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
185. [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, September 27 1945; Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, September 6 1945; Chuter to Dear Sister Kenny, October 29 1945; Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, October 5 1945.
186. [Chuter] to Dear Sister Kenny, September 27 1945.
187. Ibid.
188. Kenny to Dear Dr. Bauwens, October 26 1945, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K; Kenny to My Dear Dr. Bauwens, December 20 1945, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K. For a reference to the film in 8 different languages (French, Spanish. German, Italian, Czech, Russian, Greek and English) see “Move on Kenny Training Centre For Australia” Toowoomba Chronicle October 25 1951.
189. Kenny to My Dear Dr. Bauwens, February 9 1946, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K.
190. Bauwens to Dear Miss Kenny, November 5 1945, Minnesota-Hospitals, Sister Kenny Institute, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS; Bauwens to Dear Miss Kenny, January 15 1946, Minnesota-Hospitals, Sister Kenny Institute, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS.
191. Kenny to Basil O’Connor, December 26 1946, James A. Crabtree, MHS-K. She also claimed that the Royal College of Surgeons and Physicians of Australia had “also placed this film in their library.”
192. “Sister Kenny Wins Fight for Recognition” Chicago Herald-American February 3 1946.
193. [Cohn second interview with] Valerie Harvey, August 27 1953, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; see also [Cohn interview with] Rosalind Russell, April 20 1955; [Cohn notes, after interview with] Mary and Stuart McCracken, May 19 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
194. [Cohn interview with] Stuart McCracken, April 14 1953, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
195. Kenny to Dear Mary [Kenny], [November 1945], Mary Stewart Kenny, 1942–1947, MHS-K.
196. Kenny to Dear Margaret [Opdahl], August 10 1945, Kenny Collection, Fryer Library; Ma
rvin Teeter to My Dear Sister Kenny, May 10 1945, Red Cross 1942–1945, 1950, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Miss Fraser, May 15 1945, Red Cross 1942–1945, 1950, MHS-K.
197. DWG to BO’C Memorandum: Re: Miss Kenny, July 13 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also [Cohn interview with] Frank Krusen, March 24 1953, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
198. Kenny to Dear Friend [Marvin Kline], June 13 1945, Mr. Marvin L. Kline, 1942–1959, MHS-K.
199. Secretary to Sister Elizabeth Kenny to Dear Doctor Henderson, October 6 1945, Dr. Melvin Henderson, 1942–1948, MHS-K.
200. Kenny to Honorable Sir [President Truman], October 12 1945.
201. Kenny to My Dear Mr. Chuter, October 17 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
202. Kenny to Dear Rosalind [Russell], October 13 1944, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
203. Kenny to My Dear Mr. Moise, April 24 1945, The American Weekly, 1943–1945, MHS-K; Lionel C. Moise to Dear Sister Kenny, May 25 1945, The American Weekly, 1943–1945, MHS-K.
204. Nathan E. Jacobs to Dear Sister Kenny, April 9 1945, Bozell and Jacobs, 1944–1945, MHS-K.
205. Eugene Smith to Dear Sister Kenny, August 29 1946, Ray-Bell Films, 1944–1948, MHS-K.
206. F.E. Harrington and John F. Pohl to Dear Mr. Chuter, April 26 1945, Box 3, Folder 12, OM 65-17, Chuter Papers, Oxley-SLQ.
207. Nora Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, December 9 1948, Belgium—Nora Housden, 1948–1950, MHS-K.
208. Kenny to Dr. Edward L. Compere, February 12, 1945, Edward L. Compere, 1942–1945, MHS-K.
209. Kenny to Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen [of Board of Directors], February 14 1945, Board of Directors, undated and 1944–1945, MHS-K.
210. Ruth McMahon to My Dear Sister Kenny, September 25 1950, General Correspondence–M, MHS-K.
211. “Sister Kenny Seeks an Institute Here To Care for Infantile Paralysis Victims” New York Times November 11 1944; Chester LaRoche to Dear Marvin [Kline], December 3 1945, Clara and Chester LaRoche, 1945–1948, MHS-K.
212. Kenny’s description “for the lay person” is from Kenny to Dennis Rigan, February 27 1948, Michigan-Misc., 1942–1951, MHS-K; see also notes taken by Naomi Rogers during the viewing of The Value of a Life, Wilson Collection.
213. Kenny to Mrs. A. D. Cohen, November 14 1945, Kenneth Kerr and Dolly Cohen, Ohio Fund Drive, 1945–1946, MHS-K.
214. Kenny to My Dear Mary and Stuart [McCracken], September 24 1946, Mary Stewart Kenny, 1942–1947, MHS-K.
215. Robert Murphy “20,000 Break Lines to See Sister Kenny” Minneapolis Star-Journal [c. September 1946], Scrapbook 1945–1952, 1956, Henry Papers, MHS.
216. “ ‘Sister Kenny’ Premiere Complete With Stars and Bright Lights” [Minneapolis newspaper, unnamed] [October 1946], Scrapbook 1945–1952, 1956, Henry Papers, MHS; “At ‘Sister Kenny’ Premier” [Minneapolis newspaper, unnamed] [October 1946], Scrapbook 1945–1952, 1956, Henry Papers, MHS.
217. “The Wedding Gown That Waited” [advertisement], Woman’s Home Companion [1946] 81, copy in author’s possession.
218. Velma West Sykes “ ‘Sister Kenny’ Is Voted the Winner of November Blue Ribbon Award” Boxoffice (December 14 1946) 50: 20.
219. “From the New York PM” Minneapolis Morning Tribune October 5 1946; Louella O. Parsons “In Hollywood: Sister Kenny Triumph for Rosalind Russell” Los Angeles Examiner, October 11 1946; “Movie of the Week: ‘Sister Kenny’ ” Life (September 16 1946) 21: 77.
220. See Howard Barnes, New York Tribune [1946] in Clipping File, Kenny Collection, Margaret Herrick Library.
221. Karl Krug “ ‘Sister Kenny’ Good” Pittsburgh Sun Telegraph [November] 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.
222. Hulett to Gentlemen [National Foundation], August 22 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also J. E. Hulett, Jr. “Estimating the Net Effect of a Commercial Motion Picture Upon the Trend of Local Public Opinion” American Sociological Review (April 1949) 14: 263–275. Note that Hulett had already contacted Peter Cusack about doing a study of the “sociological aspects” of Kenny’s campaign; J. E. Hulett, Jr. to Dear Sir [Peter Cusack], June 28 1944, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also J.E. Hulett, Jr. “The Kenny Healing Cult: Preliminary Analysis of Leadership and Patterns of Interaction,” American Sociological Review (June 1945) 10: 364–372.
223. Cusack to Naftzger, November 22 1944, Public Relations, MOD-K; Peter J. A. Cusack to Frank H. Higgins, [telegram], January 10 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Phillip K. Scheuer “New Picture Poignant” Los Angeles Times December 12 1944.
224. Unlike later movies such as Sunrise at Campobello (Warner Brothers, 1960) and Interrupted Melody (MGM, 1955), this film “calls constant attention to the name of polio and its specific clinical manifestations”; Foertsch Bracing Accounts, 170–181.
225. [Handwritten note, no signature] “This man wrote …” Public Relations, MOD-K; George La Porte to Dear Professor Hullett [sic], September 23 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.
226. Hulett, Jr. “Estimating the Net Effect of a Commercial Motion Picture,” 263–275.
227. Judith Klein “ ‘Sister Kenny’ Film Seen Raising False Hopes” [New York] Herald Tribune October 6 1946.
228. Archer Winsten “Movie Talk: Movie House Murals as Clean As Pictures Shown on Screen” New York Post November 1 1946.
229. Florence Fisher Parry “I Dare Say: Difference Between Therapy and Cure” Pittsburgh Press November 13 1946.
230. “Movie of the Week: ‘Sister Kenny’ ” Life (September 16 1946) 21: 77–78, 80.
231. “A Doctor Comments on ‘Sister Kenny’ ” Life (September 16 1946) 21: 77–82.
232. “New Polio Center Set Up in N.Y.” National Foundation News (September–October 1945) 4: 41–42.
233. “At 59 Sister Kenny Is Undaunted” Life (September 16 1946) 21: 82.
234. Ed Sullivan “Little Old New York: I’ve Got News for You” New York Daily News October 17 1946; “Little Old New York: The Passing Show” New York Daily News October 31 1946.
235. Editorial “Sister Kenny: Problem Child of Medicine” New York Medicine (November 20 1946) 2: 413–414.
236. Ed Sullivan “Little Old New York: I Have News for You” New York Daily News December 5 1946; Sullivan “Little Old New York: The Passing Show” New York Daily News October 31 1946; see also Cohn Sister Kenny, 207.
237. Marvin Kline to Dear Mr. Sullivan, December 6 1946, Ed Sullivan, 1946–1947, MHS-K.
238. Winsten “Movie Talk: Movie House Murals as Clean As Pictures Shown on Screen.”
239. Joe Savage to Dear Jim [James Bryan], November 8 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.
240. “The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis Discusses the Kenny Question” [January 1947], Public Relations, MOD-K. On “fears that Rosalyn [sic] Russell’s motion picture might injure us” John B. Middleton [Regional Director] “Memorandum: Re: Statement on Kenny Drive Activities 1946” to George La Porte, June 26 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.
241. “Sister Kenny” [New York] Motion Picture Daily July 16 1946.
242. Dudley Nichols to Dear Sister, April 15 1947, RKO-Misc., 1942–1948, MHS-K. On Russell’s recollections that “RKO had a hard time drumming up much enthusiasm among exhibitors” see Russell and Chase Banquet, 145–146.
243. Paul Hollister to Dear Perry [Lieber], April 8 1947, RKO-Misc., 1942–1948, MHS-K; [draft of letter to be signed by Kenny] [enclosed in] Paul Hollister to Dear Perry [Lieber], April 8 1947, RKO-Misc., 1942–1948, MHS-K.
244. Editorial “Experiment Perilous” Westchester Medical Bulletin (November 1946) 14: 25–26, [copy in] Public Relations, MOD-K.
245. “The Sister Kenny Film” The Lamp (February 1947) 4: 14, Wilson Collection.
246. “A great many uniformed people will be badly confused by this film, which is presumably intended to spread confidence and light”; Bosley Crowther “Sizing ‘Sister Kenny” New York Times October 6 1946. See also “vitally interested families may take its one-sided message too deeply to heart. They should be wanted that the picture’s nat
ural enthusiasm of the biography renders it somewhat misleading as present-day scientific gospel”; Winsten “Movie Talk: Movie House Murals as Clean As Pictures Shown on Screen.”
247. Eileen Creelman New York Sun [1946] in Clipping File, Kenny Collection, Margaret Herrick Library.
248. Time review [September 30 1946], reprinted in Minneapolis Morning Tribune October 3 1946; John Pohl to Dear Sir [Time] [1946], [accessed in 1992 before recent re-cataloging], UMN-ASC.
249. At the end of a review of “Madame Curie” the New Yorker film critic did ask plaintively whether “someday” a film would “be made about a scientist who was not scoffed at by the authorities … who did not have to surmount insurmountable obstacles to reach his goal … who lolled in luxury, [and] knocked off an invention or two when he felt like it”; David Lardner “Popular Science” New Yorker (December 18 1943), 19: 53–54.
250. Crowther “Sizing ‘Sister Kenny’ ”; Editorial “Sister Kenny: Problem Child of Medicine,” 413–414; see also Crowther’s comments on the “eulogistic and romantic treatment” of growing numbers of “living biography” Hollywood films; Crowther “Living Biographies, Hollywood Style,” New York Times January 20 1946.
251. John McCarten “Experiment Perilous” New Yorker (September 28 1946) 22: 91–93. The title of the review was a reference to the 1944 RKO thriller of the same name.
252. Ray Pospisil [Miami Florida] to Sister Kenny, February 14 1947, General Correspondence, February 11–28 1947, MHS-K.
253. Mrs. H. P. Schoening [Allegan, Michigan] to Sister Kenny, December 26 1946, General Correspondence, February 1–10 1947, MHS-K.
254. Leon A. Colton [Milwaukee] to Sister Kenny, January 19 1947, General Correspondence, February 1–10 1947, MHS-K.
255. Alda Erma Cononna [River Edge, New Jersey] to Sister Kenny, December 29 1946, General Correspondence, February 1–10 1947, MHS-K.
256. Helen E. Sente [Hastings on Hudson, New York] to Sister Kenny, January 30 1947, General Correspondence, February 1–10 1947, MHS-K.
257. Mrs. Don D. Lariscy to My Dear Sister Kenny, May 15 1947, General Correspondence, June 1947, MHS-K.
258. Secretary to Sister Elizabeth Kenny to My Dear Mrs. Lariscy, June 6 1947, General Correspondence, June 1947, MHS-K.
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