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ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
All photographic images are courtesy of NSA with the exception of those listed below.
pai1.1 Arlington Hall: Courtesy of Arlington Public Library
pai1.2 B-211 cipher machine: Crypto AG
pai1.3 C-47s at Tempelhof Airport: U.S. Air Force
pai1.4 Truman at Wake Island: Department of Defense
pai1.5 U.S. Marines at Chosin: U.S. Navy
pai1.6 Russian Fialka cipher machine: Mark J. Blair
pai1.7 Cavity bug in the Great Seal: U.S. State Department
pai1.8 Khrushchev: CIA
pai1.9 Checkpoint Charlie: U.S. Information Agency
pai1.10 USS Pueblo: U.S. Navy
pai1.11 Khe Sanh: U.S. Air Force
pai1.12 “Rotor reader”: FBI
pai1.13 Lech Wałęsa: Government of Poland
pai1.14 Berlin Wall: Department of Defense
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Stephen Budiansky was the national security correspondent and foreign editor of (U.S. News & World Report, Washington editor of Nature, and editor of World War II magazine. He is the author of six books of military and intelligence history, including Blackett’s War, a Washington Post Notable Book. He has served as a Congressional Fellow and frequently lectures on intelligence and military history, and his articles have appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, The Economist, and other publications. He is a member of the editorial board of Cryptologia, the leading academic journal of codes, codebreaking, and cryptologic history.
Credit pai1.1
Arlington Hall, on a prewar postcard. The U.S. Army seized the property for its signals intelligence headquarters in 1942.
The staff of the Army Signal Intelligence Service, 1935. William F. Friedman is standing in the center. Solomon Kullback (second from left) Abraham Sinkov (third from right), and Frank Rowlett (far right) all would go on to hold senior positions at NSA.
“The World’s Greatest Cryptanalytic Bowling Team,” 1946. Cecil Phillips (standing, far left) and Frank Lewis (below, left) made important contributions to solving the Russian one-time-pad systems.
A German T52 Geheimschreiber teleprinter encryption machine (known to the Allies as “Sturgeon”); the Soviets’ Bandwurm machine operated on a similar principle.
U.S. Army divers recovering records of the German high command’s cipher bureau, dropped in the Schliersee in twenty-nine sealed boxes.
Credit pai1.2
The Russian version of Boris Hagelin’s B-211 cipher machine.
Rear Admiral Joseph N. Wenger, chief of the Navy codebreaking department, Op-20-G.
Brigadier General Carter W. Clarke, who headed the War Department’s “Special Branch.”
“Goldberg,” one of the leviathan special-purpose electronic comparators built by ERA to attack Soviet ciphers in the late 1940s; it had one of the first magnetic drum memories.
A brochure for ERA’s 1101, the commercial version of the Atlas computer that the company built for Op-20-G in 1948–50.
Credit pai1.3
C-47s lined up at Tempelhof Airport unloading supplies during the Berlin Airlift, 1948.
A segregated unit at Arlington Hall. William Coffee, standing, was the first African American supervisor in the Army’s cryptologic organization.
Credit pai1.4
President Harry Truman arriving at Wake Island to confer with General Douglas MacArthur, October 1950.
Credit pai1.5
U.S. Marines at Chosin, cut off by Chinese troops that launched a massive attack in December 1950 against UN forces in Korea.
Ralph J. Canine, NSA’s first director, receiving his promotion to major general: pinning on his second stars are his wife and the Army chief of staff, General J. Lawton Collins.
A pointed cartoon about Canine’s management style, included in a book presented by NSA employees at his retirement in 1956.
Contestants in the Miss NSA pageant, held in the 1950s and early 1960s.
An NSA newsletter from the 1950s advertising one of the frequent agency events to boost employee morale.
One of the distinctive and unmissable “elephant cage” antenna arrays located at U.S. intercept sites ringing the Soviet Union.
Credit pai1.6
The Russian Fialka cipher machine.
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State Department security officials display Léon Theremin’s resonant cavity bug found inside the Great Seal replica at the U.S. embassy in Moscow.
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Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev views items from the wreckage of a U-2 spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union in May 1960.
NSA defectors William Martin (left) and Bernon Mitchell (center), at a news conference in Moscow, September 6, 1960.
Credit pai1.9
A U.S. tank at Checkpoint Charlie during the Berlin crisis, 1961.
Credit pai1.10
The trawler-sized signals collection ship USS Pueblo, a few months before its capture by the North Koreans in January 1968.
A team from the Naval Research Laboratory with the first GRAB electronic intelligence satellite before its launch in 1960.
U.S. Army intercept operators taking down manual Morse traffic at Da Nang, South Vietnam.
Credit pai1.11
U.S. fighter-bombers providing very close air support to marines under siege at Khe Sanh during the Tet Offensive, 1968.
The electromechanical KL-7 cipher machine; the larger KL-47, used for the U.S. Navy’s Atlantic submarine forces, had the same cipher rotors but incorporated a paper tape reader and punch.
Credit pai1.12
The “rotor reader” supplied to John Walker by the KGB to record the internal wiring of the KL-47 cipher rotors.
NSA’s long-serving deputy director, Louis W. Tordella, known as “Dr. No” for his resistance to taking risks.
NSA director Admiral Bobby Inman, with Ann Caracristi, the agency’s first woman deputy dire
ctor, and Frank Rowlett.
Credit pai1.13
Lech Wałęsa in 1980 after successfully registering the Solidarity labor union, a dramatic defiance of Communist Party control in Poland.
Credit pai1.14
A German citizen chips away at the Berlin Wall following the opening of the border in November 1989.
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