David de la Roche, 299, 301
shaming of, 310
David of Scotland, 260
Deheubarth, 290
Devizes Castle, 17, 18, 336, 350
Devon, 215
Dome of the Rock, 165
Domesday Book, 5
Dorset, 215
Dover Castle, 177, 336, 348, 350, 351, 361
Dreyfuss, Alfred, trial of, xiii
Dublin, 292, 314
Duiske Abbey, 296
Dunamase Castle, 300, 310, 315
Durendal, 80
École des Chartes, xiv
Edith of Scotland, Henry I’s union with, 9
Edward I of England, 380
Edward III of England, 380
Edward the Black Prince, 380
Ela of Salisbury, 260, 336
Eleanor of Aquitaine, xv, 75–6, 92–3
Barfleur departure of, for England, 110
besieged at Mirebeau, 274
continuing captivity of, 186
death of, 280
desire of, to advance sons’ careers, 102
Henry II confines, 112
Henry II marries, 75, 76
Henry II’s authority challenged by, 102
and Henry II’s infidelities, 102
as Henry II’s hostage, 109
Holy Land visited by, 75
incest accusation against, 144
installed in Poitiers, 82
issue of, listed, 76
John summoned to councils by, 229
John’s strongholds surrender to, 235
and Louis VII, previous marriage to, 75
Lusignans attack, 82–4
permanent retirement of, 274
persistent diplomacy of, 235
and rebellion against husband, 100
release of, 207–8
return of, to political stage, 271–2
Richard entrusts England’s interests to, 215
and Richard–John reconciliation, 241n Richard released into care of, 236
unforgiven by Henry II, 111–12
WM ransomed by, 86–7
WM received into military retinue of, 87
Young King’s appeal to Henry II to deal mercifully with, 156
and Young King’s coronation, 88
Eleanor of England, countess of Pembroke, 377
Eleanor, Queen of Castile:
betrothal of, to Alfonso VIII, 90
birth of, 76
Engelrand of Stoke d’Aubernon, 220
England:
barons’ rebellion in, 326–63 passim; see also Magna Carta
fracturing of, 361
and Kingston treaty, 362
Lincoln battle, 351–60
lull in hostilities, 350 reversi among, 361
and Sandwich battle, 362
truce agreed during, 350
barons’ subsequent rebellion in, 378
civil war (the ‘Anarchy’) in:
beginning of, 14
end of, 29
John Marshal angles for advantage throughout, 18
last gasp of, 25
consultative parliamentary government imposed in, 378
cultivated farmland in, 6
cultural, ethnic and linguistic identity of, 5
fatally prone to invasion, 5
Louis VIII’s claim to crown of, 319, 335–6
middle, vineyards in, 6
Norman conquest and colonisation of, 4–6
under papal interdict, 318
papal overlordship of, 323
post-Bouvines unrest in, 325
Viking incursions into, 5
William I assumes crown of, 4–5
see also Henry II of England; Henry III of England; John, king of England; Richard I of England; Stephen, king of England; individual places and events
equites (horsemen), 37
see also knighthood
Essex, 216
Eustace the Monk, 361–2
Eustace of St-Georges, 220
Eustace of Vesci, 266, 320, 324, 326, 329, 348 Évreux, 235, 240, 242, 270
Excalibur, 43
Exeter Castle, 13
fabliaux (humorous poems), 143
Falaise, 276
Farci, Ralph, 141
Faulkes of Bréauté, 317, 328, 348
at Lincoln battle, 352, 357, 358
FitzGilbert, Baldric, 178
FitzGodfrey, Ralph, 149, 154–5
FitzGuy, Peter, 141
FitzHenry, Meiler, 300–1, 303–10 passim
punishment of, 310
FitzHubert, Robert:
Devizes Castle assault of, 17
hanged, 18, 28
and John Marshal, 17–18
FitzPatrick, William, 211, 222
FitzPeter, Geoffrey, 181, 215–16, 222, 234, 239, 252, 261–2, 315n, 322
becomes earl of Essex, 261
death of, 324
and John’s succession, 259, 260
FitzReinier, Richard, 209
FitzRobert, Geoffrey, 184, 296–7
death of, 315
in Striguil household, 219
FitzStephen, Ranulf, 92
FitzStephen, Thomas, 8
FitzWalter, Robert, 262, 278, 320, 324, 326, 329, 331
at Lincoln battle, 352–3, 356
captured, 360
Flanders, 62, 221
and border skirmish of 1166, 54–6
John severs alliance with, 270
Fontevraud, 146–7, 204–5
Forest of Dean, 217, 299
France:
and English barons’ rebellion, see England: barons’ rebellion in
fracturing of, 76
John orders strike against fleet of, 323
as small kingdom, 62, 75
see also Louis VII of France; Louis VIII of France; Normandy; Philip II of France; individual places and events
Frederick I (Barbarossa), 190, 224
‘freelance’, etymology of, 62n
Fulk V of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 137, 164
Galilee, 166, 170
Galo, 144
Gascony, 280
Geoffrey II, duke of Brittany:
birth of, 76
designated as Brittany heir, 89
devious and scheming, 152
expected to oversee Aquitaine and Brittany, 98
required to pay homage to Young King, 149–50
support for Aquitainian cause declared by, 151
thriving, 135
tournament fall and death of, 186
and Young King’s overlordship of Brittany, 150
and Young King’s rebellion, 100, 102, 106
Geoffrey V of Anjou (Plantagenet), 98
knighting ritual of, 52–3
Normandy invaded by, 25, 197
Geoffrey (of Exmes), 8
Geoffrey the Fair, count of Anjou, 10
Geoffrey of Lusignan, 80–1, 81–3, 190
continued freedom of, 87
support offered to Young King by, 151
Geoffrey of Mandeville, earl of Essex, 329, 347–8
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 42
Geoffrey (Templar), 323, 370
Geoffrey of Vigeois, 157n
Gerald of Wales, 22–4, 24–5, 203n, 290–2, 295, 300, 335
Gervase of Tilbury, 113, 159
Giffard, Gilbert (grandfather), 5
Gilbert of Clare, 208n
Gillingham, John, 206
Gisors, 134, 207, 228, 235, 240, 246, 250–2
Glanville, Ranulf, 184, 194, 208, 215
death of, 225
Gloucester, 215, 217, 299, 344
Gloucester Castle, 217, 299
WM takes custody of, 367
Goodrich Castle, 370
Gournay, 273
Gower, 321, 334
Grandmont Abbey, Young King loots, 155
Guala of Bicchieri, 335–6, 343, 345–6, 348, 351, 361, 366
Guinevere, Queen, 143
supposed Glastonbury tomb of, 43
; Guy of la Bruyère, 249
Guy of Lusignan, 81–3, 162–3, 166
becomes king of Jerusalem, 170
Bedouin campaign of, 167
continued freedom of, 87
Saladin annihilates army of, 189
Gwent, 217
Gwynedd, 290
Hainault, 62
Hallam, Henry, 383
Hamstead Marshall, 6, 24
in WM’s will, 370
Harold Godwinson, King, 4
Hasculf of St Hilaire, 98
Hastings, Battle of, 4, 182
Haverford, 294, 321
Hay, 312
Heloise of Lancaster, 183–4
WM becomes guardian of, 183
WM decides not to marry, 185
Henry I of England:
accession of, 6
Coronation Charter of, 328, 332
cruel punishments meted out by, 13
death of, 9, 11
Edith of Scotland’s union with, 9
illegitimate issue of, 8–9
Matilda declared heir by, 10
and White Ship incident, 7, 8
and William Ætheling’s death, 8
and William II’s death, 47
Henry II of England, 196
accession of, 31
and Alice of France, 144
and Angevin–Capetian Le Mans stand-off, see Le Mans: defence of
Aquitaine campaign of, 79–84
Aquitaine cathedral commissioned by, 80
arrow narrowly misses, 153
astute, dynamic and unfailing ruler, 75
and Becket, estrangement from, 79
and Becket’s murder, 95–6
public atonement for, 110
Becket’s official rapprochement with, 93
Brabançon (Flemish) mercenaries employed by, 108
and Capetian offensive in Normandy, 191–2
castles gifted to son John by, 99–100
and chevauchées, 81
Christmas Court of, 147, 194
court of, 175–81
danger and insecurity in, 178–9
‘a perilous whirl’, 179
shifting alliances in, 181
cross taken by, 189–90
crusade wish of, 137
daughters married off by, 90
death of, 204
duke of Normandy title conferred on, 25
dwindling support for, 194
Easter Court of, 129
Eleanor marries, 75, 76
equivocates over Empire, 135–6
equivocates over succession, 187, 193
escape of, from Le Mans encounter, 200, 201
and family feud over Aquitaine, 153–6
father–son diplomatic exchanges during, 154
and La Ferté-Bernard abortive peace conference, 196
Richard–Philip offensive follows, 196–7
fever suffered by, 93
final conference of, with Richard and Philip II, 202–3
first decade of reign of, 75
hairstyle favoured by, 46
and heirs’ balance of power, 149–51
as Henry FitzEmpress, 33
and Heraclius’s plea for help, 168–9
hereditary claim of, via Matilda’s bloodline, 25
as hoarder of power, 98
hunting skills of, 47
illness of, 194, 201
infidelities of, 102
issue of, listed, 76
John Marshal’s failure to find favour under, 34
John Marshal’s false prediction concerning, 42n
John’s betrayal of, 203, 214
last days of, 202–4
Limoges Angevin gathering convened by, 99
Limoges siege of, 154, 155
list of ‘diabolical’ traitors drawn up by, 101
list of turncoats demanded by, 203
Louis VII welcomed by, 130
Louis VII’s peace conference with, 82, 89
marriage of, to Marguerite of France, 88–9
palaces of, 176–7
and Philip II’s Berry incursion, 188–9
Philip II’s suspicion of, 190
physical description of, 31
pockets of resistance in England quashed by, 111
recovery of, from fever, 94
and renewed amity between Richard and Philip II of France, 193–4
Richard confirmed as successor of, 203
Richard favoured by, in Aquitaine feud, 153
and Richard’s switching of sides, 189
ring of forgiveness sent to Young King by, 156
under Robert of Gloucester’s tutelage, 33
Rocamadour pilgrimage of, 94
and Rosamund, 102, 144
Rouen relieved by, 111
rumoured plot to overthrow, 100
rumours of death of, 93
staff loot corpse of, 204
successful first phase of reign of, 78
succession agreed for, 29
tournaments banned by, 73
Warren’s biography of, 94
whispering campaign against, 97–8
will of, 93
WM appointed to royal household by, 175
WM promised reserved household place by, 161
Young King swears loyalty to, 150
Young King used as pawn by, 88–9
Young King virtually caged by, 112
and Young King’s death, 157
and Young King’s education, 89
Young King’s rebellion against, 100–11
and Barfleur departure, for England, 110
and capture of William, king of Scotland, 110
deadlock during, 109
failure of first phase of, 108
faltering, 109
invasion of Normandy during, 106–8
mercenaries employed during, 108
Paris assembly concerning, 102
siege of Neufchâtel during, 106–8
and Tours peace settlement, 111
and urgent messages from England, 110
Young King’s tournament career thought trivial by, 128
see also Angevins
Henry III of England:
barons defect to, 350; see also England: barons’ rebellion in
and barons’ rebellion’s aftershocks, 376
Bristol council of those loyal to, 347
under close protection, 320, 336
consultative parliamentary government imposed on, 378
coronation of, 344
distancing of, from father’s regime, 348
increasingly unpopular regime of, 377
lack of financial resources of, 349
Peter des Roches assumes day-to-day care of, 346
placed in Pandulf’s care, 368
Reading residence of, 368
second baronial revolt faced by, 378
significant castles held by supporters of, 348
tumultuous reign of, 375
WM consolidates position of, 367
WM supports claim of, 341–2, 343
WM’s dilemma concerning, 339–41
WM’s final advice to, 368
Henry V of Germany, 10
Henry of Blois, 11, 36
Henry ‘li Norreis’, 141
Henry the Lion, 232
Matilda marries, 90
Henry the Young King, 88–101
allegiance reaffirmed by, 112
Aquitaine nobles’ approach to, 139
birth of, 76
and brother John’s betrothal and gift of castles, 99–100
chancellor’s treachery against, 113
Christmas Court of, 96, 99, 114
chroniclers scathing accounts of, 159
at coronation of Philip II of France, 131–2
crusade considered by, 137–8, 154
cult of, after death, 158
death of, 157–8
declares war on Richard, 150
demand for Normandy duchy issued by, 135
doyen
of knightly aristocracy, 129
England governed by, 95, 96, 98
and family feud over Aquitaine, 153–6
father–son diplomatic exchanges during, 154
‘father of chivalry’, 126–7
financial and social pressures faced by, 97
first coronation of, 90–1
at Fontevraud Abbey, 146–7
funeral of, 158–9
generous allowance paid to, 98
Geoffrey of Lusignan offers support to, 151
Henry II sends ring of forgiveness to, 156
Henry II’s deepening respect for, 135
household expanded by, 113
illness strikes, 155–7
impressive military household of, 127
joint rule suggested to, 97
largesse, patronage and generosity shown by, 126–7
last testament dictated by, 156
lavish spending of, 96
Limoges visit of, 139
loyalty to Henry II sworn by, 150
Marguerite begins to live with, 96
Marguerite removed from court of, 146
mesnie of, 97, 113–14
further rewards demanded by, 135
WM’s pre-eminent status in, 116, 120
monasteries looted by, 154, 155
Philip of Flanders distances himself from, 134
Poitiers move by, 113
proclaimed Henry III, 102
rebellion of (first), 100–11
and capture of William, king of Scotland, 110
deadlock during, 109
England invasion called off, 111
failure of first phase of, 108
faltering, 109
and Henry II’s Barfleur departure, 110
Henry II’s use of mercenaries during, 108
invasion of Normandy during, 106–8
and proclamation of, as Henry III, 102
and second Normandy invasion, 111
siege of Neufchâtel during, 106–8
and Tours peace settlement, 111
represented as petulant figure, 97
retinue incurs debts for, 127
return to England by, after tournaments blitz, 129
Rocamadour shrine looted by, 156
Rouen resting place of, 159
second coronation of, 96
summons of, to estranged WM, 149
and suppression of Angoulême, 113
sympathy for predicament of, 104
and tournaments, 115–21, 126–9
‘grand and excellent’ Norman–French border encounter, 120–1
increasing success in, 119
at Lagny, 132–4
last attended with WM by, 146
return to England from, 129
traitors among mesnie of, list of, 101
virtual caging of, 112
virtual cult status of, 127–8
William of Tancarville sides with, 106
WM appointed tutor-in-arms of, 92
WM knights, 105
WM reputedly cuckolds, 139–40, 143, 145–6
WM reunited with, 155
WM withdraws from, 145–6
WM’s attempt at reconciliation with, 147–8
WM’s enduring loyalty to, 104
WM’s estrangement from, 146–8
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