by Hew Strachan
28 J. C. Dunn, The War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919 (London, 1987; first published 1938), p. 516.
29 Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 373-4.
30 Max von Baden, Erinnerungen und Dokumente (Stuttgart, 1968), p. 324.
31 Diary of Heinrich-Gottfried Vietinghoff, 28 September 1918, Bundes-Archiv Militär-Archiv, N574/2.
32 Carl Mhlmann, Oberste Hceresleitung und Balkan (Berlin, 1942), p. 230.
33 Général Jouinot-Gambetta, Uskub (Paris, 1920), p. 89.
34 Alan Palmer, The Gardeners of Salonika (New York, 1965), p. 229.
35 Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary, p. 421.
36 R. H. Lutz, The Causes of the German Collapse in 1918 (Stanford, CA, 1934), p. 268.
37 8 October 1918; Hans Peter Hanssen, Diary of a Dying Empire (Port Washington, NY, 1973), pp. 332-3.
38 R. H. Lutz (ed.), The Fall of the German Empire (Stanford, CA, 1932), vol. 2, pp. 541-2.
39 Stanley Weintrauh, A Stillness Heard Around the World (Oxford, 1987), p. 175.
40 Blake, The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, p. 333.
41 Mark Derez, ‘Belgium: A Soldier’s Tale’, in Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle (eds), At the Eleventh Hour (Barnsley, 1998), pp. 109, 133.
42 Henri Domelier, Au GQG allemand (Paris, 1919), p. 370.
43 Jean Nicot, Les Poilus ont la parole: lettres du front: 1917-1918 (Brussels, 1998), pp. 553-4.
44 Herbert Sulzbach. With the German Guns: four years on the Western Front 1914-1918, trans. Richard Thonger (London, 1973), p. 255.
45 Evelyn. Princess Blücher, An English Wife in Berlin (London, 1920), p. 305.
46 Heinz Hagenlcke, ‘Germany and the Armistice’, in Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle (eds), At the Eleventh Hour (Barnsley, 1998), p. 40.
47 Ernst Jnger, The Storm of Steel (London, 1929), pp. 316-17.
48 Margaret Macmillan, Peacemakers: the Paris Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war (London, 2001), p. 475.
49 Ibid., p. 52.
50 Keith Jeffery, Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson (London, 1985), p. 133.
51 ‘Correspondance entre Romain Rolland et Jean-Richard Bloch 1914 — 1919’, La Revue Europe, nos 95-103 (1953-4), p. 84.
52 Anna Eisenmenger, Blockade: The Diary of an Austrian Miliddle-class Woman (London, 1932), p. 265.
53 Sapper’s War Stories (London, n.d.), p. 10.
54 Margaret Cole (ed.), Beatrice Webb’s Diaries (London, 1952), p. 137.
55 John Jackson, unpublished memoir, quoted by permission of his family.
56 Ian Hay [John Beith], Their Name Liveth (London, 1931), pp. 2, 152, 154.
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abdul Rauf Khan
Addison, Christopher
Adler, Friedrich
Aerenthal, Alois Lexa von
Afghanistan
Africa
Congo Act and
European colonization of
French Equatorial Africa campaign in
Makombe revolt in
peace settlement and
postwar imperialism in
South African campaign in
Tanga expedition in
aircraft
French warfare and
at Verdun
Aitken, A.E.
Albania
Albert I, king of the Belgians
Alekseyev, M.V
Alexander, prince of Serbia
Algeçiras conference of 1906,
Allen, Hervey
Allenby, Edmund
All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) (Remarque)
All-Russian Conference of Soviets
Alsace-Lorraine
American Expedition Force (AEF)
Amiens, Battle of
Anatolia
Anglo-French Entente of 1904,
Gallipoli campaign and
Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902,
Anstey, E.C.
anti-Semitism
Arabs
Armageddon 190- (Grautoff)
Armistice Day
Armistice of November see also peace settlement
Arnoux, Alexandre
Arras, Battle of
artillery
in 1918 offensive
production of
in trench warfare
Artois offensives (1915)
Arz von Straussenburg, Arthur
Asquith, H.H.
Association of Trade and Industry
Aubers Ridge
Australia
Australia, HMS
Austria-Hungary
armistice signed by
Brest-Litovsk treaty and
empire of
food shortages in
Germany’s alliance with
Germany’s support sought by
Isonzo River battles and
Italy’s declaration of war on
Italy’s relations with
mobilization by
Polish question and
in Triple Alliance
ultimatum to Serbia by
war guilt question and
war on Serbia declared by
war plans of
Auxiliary Service Law (German)
Azerbaijan
Baden, Max von
Balfour Declaration (1917)
Balkan campaign
Balkans
Muslim population of
Russia and
see also specific nations
Baralong, HMS
Barbusse, Henri
Barbam, HMS
Barrès, Maurice
Bauer, Hermann
Bauer, Max
Bean.E.W.
Beatty, David
Beaverbrook, Lord
Belgian Congo
Belgium
army of
atrocities in
German invasions of
Germany’s ultimatum to
liberation of
neutrality of
Bell, Gertrude
Belleau Wood
Berchtold, Leopold
Berlin Congress
Bernier, Jean
Berthelot, Henri
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von
Binding, Rudolph
Bismarck, Otto von
Bloch, Jean-Richard
blockade
U.S. opposition to
see also economic warfare
Blücher
Boer War (1899-1902)
Bolsheviks
Borden, Robert
Boroevic, Svetozar
Bosnia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosnian crisis of
Bourbon-Parma, Prince Sixte
Breslau
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)
Briand, Aristide
Brisset, Colonel
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Brittain, Vera
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Ulrich
Brooke, Rupert
Bruchmüller, Georg
Brusilov, A.A.
Brussels
Bryan, William Jennings
Buchan, John
Buchanan, George
Bucharest, Treaty of (1918)
Bulgaria
Bülow, Bernhard von
Bülow, Carl von
Burian, Stephan von
Byng, Julian
Cabrinovíc, Nedeljko
Cadorna, Luigi
Caillaux, Joseph
Callies, Alexis
Cambrai, Battle of
Cameroons
Campbell-Bannerman, Henry
Canada
Canopus, HMS
Cape Matapan, Battle of
Caporetto, Battle of
Carden, Sackville
Carol I, king of Romania
Carrington, Charles
Catholic Centre Party, German
Caucasus campaign
Armenian massacres in
Battle of
Sarikamish in
Russia in
cavalry
Cecil, Lord Robert
Cemal, Ahmed
Champeaux, G.
Chantilly conferences
Charteris, John
Château-Thierry, Battle of
Chile
China
Japan and
revolution of 1911 in
21 Demands and
Churchill, Winston Gallipoli campaign and
Clemenceau, Georges
Clementel, Etienne
Collapse of the Old World, The (Der Zusammenbruch der alten Welt) (Grautoff)
colonialism
Committee of Imperial Defense, British
Committee of National Defense, Ottoman
Committee of Union and Progress, Ottoman
communications
Congo Act
Congress of Vienna (1815)
Consett, M.
Constantine, king of Greece
Cooper, Ethel
Coppard, George
Coronel, Battle of
Cradock, Christopher
Cramon, August von
Cunliffe-Owen, Francis
Czechoslovakia
Czernin, Ottokar
Dabi, Kazibule
Daily Telegraph (London)
Dallolio, Alfredo
Davis, Leslie
Declaration of London (1909)
Declassé, Théophile
Defense of the Realm Act (Great Britain)
Denmark
Deppe, Ludwig
Derfflinger
de Robeck, John
Diaz, Armando
Dimitrijevi , Dragutin
Dobell, Charles
Dogger Bank, Battle of the
Doyle, Arthur Conan
Dresden
East Asiatic Squadron, German
East Prussia
Battle of Gumbinnen in
Battle of Tannenburg in
Ebert, Friedrich
Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (Keynes)
economic warfare
debate on
Germany affected by
neutrals and
U.S. opposition to
see also blockade
Edward VII, king of England
Egypt
8th Army, German
8th Army, Russian
18th Army, German
Einem, Karl von
Eisenmenger, Anna 11th Army, German
Elkington, J.F.
Emden
Enver Pasha
Erzberger, Matthias
Esher, Lord
Esterházy, Moritz
Estienne, Jean-Baptiste
Ethem, Hasan
Faisal, Prince
Falkenhayn, Erich von
Ludendorff’s strategy debate with
in Middle East campaign
Falkland Islands, Battle of the
Falls, Cyril
Far East
Anglo-German naval conflict in
Sino-Japanese conflict in
Tsingtao campaign in
Fatherland Party, German
Fayolle, Marie-Emile
Federal Reserve Board
Ferdinand I, king of Bulgaria
Ferry, Abel
Feu, Le (Barbusse)
5th Army, Austro-Hungarian
5th Army, British
5th Army, French
5th Army, German
5th Battle Squadron, British
15th Army, Austro-Hungarian
15th Corps, French
Figaro, Le (Paris)
Finland
1st Army, Austro-Hungarian
1st Army, British
1st Army, French
1st Army, German
1st Army, Russian
1st Army, Turkish
First Balkan War
I Corps, Turkish
Fisher, Jackie
Foch, Ferdinand
Foreign Ministry, German
Foreign Office, British
4th Army, Austro-Hungarian
4th Army, British
4th Army, French
4th Army, German
4th Army, Turkish
Fourteen Points
46th Division, British
France
in Africa
artillery strength of
British Africa rivalry with
British alliance of 1904 and
civilian-military conflict in
conscription in
in Gallipoli campaign
Germany’s declaration of war on
government crises in
labor shortage in
liberalism vs. state power in
Middle East interests of
mobilization of
munitions production in
mutinies in army of
population of
Rapallo conferences and
Salonika expedition and
in Triple Entente
Franchet d‘Esperey, Louis
Franco-Prussian War
Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria
assassination of
Franz Josef, emperor of Austria-Hungary
Fraser, Donald
French, John
French Equatorial Africa
Friedrich, archduke of Austria
Friedrich der Grosse
Fryatt, Charles
Fuller, J.F.C.
Gale, Ted
Gallieni, Joseph-Simon
Gallipoli campaign
aims of
Anglo-French entente of 1904 and
Anzac forces in
casualties in
Churchill and
failure of
landings in
results of
Gaza, Battle of
Geist der Militarismus, Die (Goldmann)
George V, king of England
German East Africa
German South-West Africa
Germany
in Africa
Anglo-French Entente challenged by
armistice and humiliation of
assassination crisis and
Austria-Hungary’s alliance with
Baltic states and
Belgium ultimatum of
Bolshevik Revolution and
Britain’s naval rivalry with
conscription in
and defeat of Serbia
economic warfare’s effects on
and failure of Mesopotamia campaign
Japan’s declaration of war against
Jews of
liberalism in
Mexican alliance sought by
mobilization in
1918 offensive of
Ottoman alliance with
Pacific operations of
Polish question and
population of
socialists in
stab in the back attitude of
strikes and mutinies in
Tsingtao campaign and
war guilt question and
war on France declared by
war plans of
war on Russia declared by
Weltkrieg concept and
Weltpolitik policy of
Gheuens, J.G.
Giolitti, Giovanni
Giraudoux, Jean
Glasgow, HMS
Gloucester, HMS
Gneisenau
Goeben
Gokalp, Ziya
Goldmann, Nachum
Good Hope, HMS
Gorlice-Tarnow, Battle of
Gough, Hubert
Grautoff, F.H.
Great Britain
in Africa
Belgian neutrality and
conscription in
economic warfare and
France’s Africa rivalry with
Germany’s naval code broken by
Germany’s naval rivalry with
Germany’s Weltkrieg concept and
in Japanese alliance of 1902,
&nb
sp; labor shortage in
liberalism vs. state power in
Ottoman Empire and
Pacific naval operations of
Rapallo conferences and
Salonika campaign and
in Triple Entente
wartime industry of
war weariness in
Greece
Greenmantle (Buchan)
Grey, Edward
Groener, Wilhelm
Grunert, Colonel
Gumbinnen, Battle of
Guse, Felix
Haber, Fritz
Hague Convention of 1899,
Hague Convention of 1907,
Haig, Douglas
Haldane, Richard
Halévy, Daniel
Halévy, Elie
Halil Pasha
Hall, Reginald “Blinker,”
Hamilton, Ian
Hampshire, HMS
Händler und Helden (Sombart)
Hankey, Maurice
Hase, Georg von
Haussmann, Conrad
Hay, Ian
Helphand, Alexander
Hentsch, Richard
Herbert, Aubrey
Herero uprising of 1904-5,
Hertling, Georgvon
Hindenburg, Paul von
Hintze, Paul von
Hipper, Franz von
Hitler, Adolf
Hoffmann, Max
Holtzendorff, Henning von
Hoskins, A.R.
Hötzendorff, Conrad von
House, Edward
Hoyos, Alexander, Graf von
Hughes, Billy
Hungary
food shortages in
Hussein, sherif of Mecca
imperialism
Indefatigable, HMS
Independence Party, Hungarian
Independent Labour Party, British
Independent Socialist Party, German
India
Mesopotamia campaign and
Indian Expeditionary Force B
Indian Expeditionary Force D,
India Office, British
Inflexible, HMS
influenza epidemic of
Ingenohl, Friedrich von
Inoue Kauro
Invincible, HMS
Iraq
see also Mesopotamia; Mesopotamia campaign
Ireland
Iron Duke, HMS
Isonzo River, battles of
Italy
antiwar demonstrations in
liberalism in
Libya invaded by
peace settlement and
in Triple Entente
war on Austria-Hungary declared by
Jackson, John
Japan
Britain’s 1902 alliance with
China and
Russia’s war with
Tsingtao campaign and
21 Demands of
war on Germany declared by
Jaurès, Jean
Jellicoe, John Rushworth
Jeras, Josip
Jews
Russo-German War and
Joffre, Joseph
Johns, WE.
Jones, Kennedy
Jouinot-Gambetta, F.L.
Jubert, Raymond
Jünger, Ernst
Jutland, Battle of
