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The First World War

Page 40

by Hew Strachan

28 J. C. Dunn, The War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919 (London, 1987; first published 1938), p. 516.

  29 Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 373-4.

  30 Max von Baden, Erinnerungen und Dokumente (Stuttgart, 1968), p. 324.

  31 Diary of Heinrich-Gottfried Vietinghoff, 28 September 1918, Bundes-Archiv Militär-Archiv, N574/2.

  32 Carl Mhlmann, Oberste Hceresleitung und Balkan (Berlin, 1942), p. 230.

  33 Général Jouinot-Gambetta, Uskub (Paris, 1920), p. 89.

  34 Alan Palmer, The Gardeners of Salonika (New York, 1965), p. 229.

  35 Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary, p. 421.

  36 R. H. Lutz, The Causes of the German Collapse in 1918 (Stanford, CA, 1934), p. 268.

  37 8 October 1918; Hans Peter Hanssen, Diary of a Dying Empire (Port Washington, NY, 1973), pp. 332-3.

  38 R. H. Lutz (ed.), The Fall of the German Empire (Stanford, CA, 1932), vol. 2, pp. 541-2.

  39 Stanley Weintrauh, A Stillness Heard Around the World (Oxford, 1987), p. 175.

  40 Blake, The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, p. 333.

  41 Mark Derez, ‘Belgium: A Soldier’s Tale’, in Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle (eds), At the Eleventh Hour (Barnsley, 1998), pp. 109, 133.

  42 Henri Domelier, Au GQG allemand (Paris, 1919), p. 370.

  43 Jean Nicot, Les Poilus ont la parole: lettres du front: 1917-1918 (Brussels, 1998), pp. 553-4.

  44 Herbert Sulzbach. With the German Guns: four years on the Western Front 1914-1918, trans. Richard Thonger (London, 1973), p. 255.

  45 Evelyn. Princess Blücher, An English Wife in Berlin (London, 1920), p. 305.

  46 Heinz Hagenlcke, ‘Germany and the Armistice’, in Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle (eds), At the Eleventh Hour (Barnsley, 1998), p. 40.

  47 Ernst Jnger, The Storm of Steel (London, 1929), pp. 316-17.

  48 Margaret Macmillan, Peacemakers: the Paris Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war (London, 2001), p. 475.

  49 Ibid., p. 52.

  50 Keith Jeffery, Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson (London, 1985), p. 133.

  51 ‘Correspondance entre Romain Rolland et Jean-Richard Bloch 1914 — 1919’, La Revue Europe, nos 95-103 (1953-4), p. 84.

  52 Anna Eisenmenger, Blockade: The Diary of an Austrian Miliddle-class Woman (London, 1932), p. 265.

  53 Sapper’s War Stories (London, n.d.), p. 10.

  54 Margaret Cole (ed.), Beatrice Webb’s Diaries (London, 1952), p. 137.

  55 John Jackson, unpublished memoir, quoted by permission of his family.

  56 Ian Hay [John Beith], Their Name Liveth (London, 1931), pp. 2, 152, 154.

  INDEX

  Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

  Abdul Rauf Khan

  Addison, Christopher

  Adler, Friedrich

  Aerenthal, Alois Lexa von

  Afghanistan

  Africa

  Congo Act and

  European colonization of

  French Equatorial Africa campaign in

  Makombe revolt in

  peace settlement and

  postwar imperialism in

  South African campaign in

  Tanga expedition in

  aircraft

  French warfare and

  at Verdun

  Aitken, A.E.

  Albania

  Albert I, king of the Belgians

  Alekseyev, M.V

  Alexander, prince of Serbia

  Algeçiras conference of 1906,

  Allen, Hervey

  Allenby, Edmund

  All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) (Remarque)

  All-Russian Conference of Soviets

  Alsace-Lorraine

  American Expedition Force (AEF)

  Amiens, Battle of

  Anatolia

  Anglo-French Entente of 1904,

  Gallipoli campaign and

  Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902,

  Anstey, E.C.

  anti-Semitism

  Arabs

  Armageddon 190- (Grautoff)

  Armistice Day

  Armistice of November see also peace settlement

  Arnoux, Alexandre

  Arras, Battle of

  artillery

  in 1918 offensive

  production of

  in trench warfare

  Artois offensives (1915)

  Arz von Straussenburg, Arthur

  Asquith, H.H.

  Association of Trade and Industry

  Aubers Ridge

  Australia

  Australia, HMS

  Austria-Hungary

  armistice signed by

  Brest-Litovsk treaty and

  empire of

  food shortages in

  Germany’s alliance with

  Germany’s support sought by

  Isonzo River battles and

  Italy’s declaration of war on

  Italy’s relations with

  mobilization by

  Polish question and

  in Triple Alliance

  ultimatum to Serbia by

  war guilt question and

  war on Serbia declared by

  war plans of

  Auxiliary Service Law (German)

  Azerbaijan

  Baden, Max von

  Balfour Declaration (1917)

  Balkan campaign

  Balkans

  Muslim population of

  Russia and

  see also specific nations

  Baralong, HMS

  Barbusse, Henri

  Barbam, HMS

  Barrès, Maurice

  Bauer, Hermann

  Bauer, Max

  Bean.E.W.

  Beatty, David

  Beaverbrook, Lord

  Belgian Congo

  Belgium

  army of

  atrocities in

  German invasions of

  Germany’s ultimatum to

  liberation of

  neutrality of

  Bell, Gertrude

  Belleau Wood

  Berchtold, Leopold

  Berlin Congress

  Bernier, Jean

  Berthelot, Henri

  Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von

  Binding, Rudolph

  Bismarck, Otto von

  Bloch, Jean-Richard

  blockade

  U.S. opposition to

  see also economic warfare

  Blücher

  Boer War (1899-1902)

  Bolsheviks

  Borden, Robert

  Boroevic, Svetozar

  Bosnia

  Bosnia-Herzegovina

  Bosnian crisis of

  Bourbon-Parma, Prince Sixte

  Breslau

  Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)

  Briand, Aristide

  Brisset, Colonel

  British Expeditionary Force (BEF)

  Brittain, Vera

  Brockdorff-Rantzau, Ulrich

  Brooke, Rupert

  Bruchmüller, Georg

  Brusilov, A.A.

  Brussels

  Bryan, William Jennings

  Buchan, John

  Buchanan, George

  Bucharest, Treaty of (1918)

  Bulgaria

  Bülow, Bernhard von

  Bülow, Carl von

  Burian, Stephan von

  Byng, Julian

  Cabrinovíc, Nedeljko

  Cadorna, Luigi

  Caillaux, Joseph

  Callies, Alexis

  Cambrai, Battle of

  Cameroons

  Campbell-Bannerman, Henry

  Canada

  Canopus, HMS

  Cape Matapan, Battle of

  Caporetto, Battle of

  Carden, Sackville

  Carol I, king of Romania

  Carrington, Charles

  Catholic Centre Party, German

  Caucasus campaign

  Armenian massacres in

  Battle of
Sarikamish in

  Russia in

  cavalry

  Cecil, Lord Robert

  Cemal, Ahmed

  Champeaux, G.

  Chantilly conferences

  Charteris, John

  Château-Thierry, Battle of

  Chile

  China

  Japan and

  revolution of 1911 in

  21 Demands and

  Churchill, Winston Gallipoli campaign and

  Clemenceau, Georges

  Clementel, Etienne

  Collapse of the Old World, The (Der Zusammenbruch der alten Welt) (Grautoff)

  colonialism

  Committee of Imperial Defense, British

  Committee of National Defense, Ottoman

  Committee of Union and Progress, Ottoman

  communications

  Congo Act

  Congress of Vienna (1815)

  Consett, M.

  Constantine, king of Greece

  Cooper, Ethel

  Coppard, George

  Coronel, Battle of

  Cradock, Christopher

  Cramon, August von

  Cunliffe-Owen, Francis

  Czechoslovakia

  Czernin, Ottokar

  Dabi, Kazibule

  Daily Telegraph (London)

  Dallolio, Alfredo

  Davis, Leslie

  Declaration of London (1909)

  Declassé, Théophile

  Defense of the Realm Act (Great Britain)

  Denmark

  Deppe, Ludwig

  Derfflinger

  de Robeck, John

  Diaz, Armando

  Dimitrijevi , Dragutin

  Dobell, Charles

  Dogger Bank, Battle of the

  Doyle, Arthur Conan

  Dresden

  East Asiatic Squadron, German

  East Prussia

  Battle of Gumbinnen in

  Battle of Tannenburg in

  Ebert, Friedrich

  Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (Keynes)

  economic warfare

  debate on

  Germany affected by

  neutrals and

  U.S. opposition to

  see also blockade

  Edward VII, king of England

  Egypt

  8th Army, German

  8th Army, Russian

  18th Army, German

  Einem, Karl von

  Eisenmenger, Anna 11th Army, German

  Elkington, J.F.

  Emden

  Enver Pasha

  Erzberger, Matthias

  Esher, Lord

  Esterházy, Moritz

  Estienne, Jean-Baptiste

  Ethem, Hasan

  Faisal, Prince

  Falkenhayn, Erich von

  Ludendorff’s strategy debate with

  in Middle East campaign

  Falkland Islands, Battle of the

  Falls, Cyril

  Far East

  Anglo-German naval conflict in

  Sino-Japanese conflict in

  Tsingtao campaign in

  Fatherland Party, German

  Fayolle, Marie-Emile

  Federal Reserve Board

  Ferdinand I, king of Bulgaria

  Ferry, Abel

  Feu, Le (Barbusse)

  5th Army, Austro-Hungarian

  5th Army, British

  5th Army, French

  5th Army, German

  5th Battle Squadron, British

  15th Army, Austro-Hungarian

  15th Corps, French

  Figaro, Le (Paris)

  Finland

  1st Army, Austro-Hungarian

  1st Army, British

  1st Army, French

  1st Army, German

  1st Army, Russian

  1st Army, Turkish

  First Balkan War

  I Corps, Turkish

  Fisher, Jackie

  Foch, Ferdinand

  Foreign Ministry, German

  Foreign Office, British

  4th Army, Austro-Hungarian

  4th Army, British

  4th Army, French

  4th Army, German

  4th Army, Turkish

  Fourteen Points

  46th Division, British

  France

  in Africa

  artillery strength of

  British Africa rivalry with

  British alliance of 1904 and

  civilian-military conflict in

  conscription in

  in Gallipoli campaign

  Germany’s declaration of war on

  government crises in

  labor shortage in

  liberalism vs. state power in

  Middle East interests of

  mobilization of

  munitions production in

  mutinies in army of

  population of

  Rapallo conferences and

  Salonika expedition and

  in Triple Entente

  Franchet d‘Esperey, Louis

  Franco-Prussian War

  Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria

  assassination of

  Franz Josef, emperor of Austria-Hungary

  Fraser, Donald

  French, John

  French Equatorial Africa

  Friedrich, archduke of Austria

  Friedrich der Grosse

  Fryatt, Charles

  Fuller, J.F.C.

  Gale, Ted

  Gallieni, Joseph-Simon

  Gallipoli campaign

  aims of

  Anglo-French entente of 1904 and

  Anzac forces in

  casualties in

  Churchill and

  failure of

  landings in

  results of

  Gaza, Battle of

  Geist der Militarismus, Die (Goldmann)

  George V, king of England

  German East Africa

  German South-West Africa

  Germany

  in Africa

  Anglo-French Entente challenged by

  armistice and humiliation of

  assassination crisis and

  Austria-Hungary’s alliance with

  Baltic states and

  Belgium ultimatum of

  Bolshevik Revolution and

  Britain’s naval rivalry with

  conscription in

  and defeat of Serbia

  economic warfare’s effects on

  and failure of Mesopotamia campaign

  Japan’s declaration of war against

  Jews of

  liberalism in

  Mexican alliance sought by

  mobilization in

  1918 offensive of

  Ottoman alliance with

  Pacific operations of

  Polish question and

  population of

  socialists in

  stab in the back attitude of

  strikes and mutinies in

  Tsingtao campaign and

  war guilt question and

  war on France declared by

  war plans of

  war on Russia declared by

  Weltkrieg concept and

  Weltpolitik policy of

  Gheuens, J.G.

  Giolitti, Giovanni

  Giraudoux, Jean

  Glasgow, HMS

  Gloucester, HMS

  Gneisenau

  Goeben

  Gokalp, Ziya

  Goldmann, Nachum

  Good Hope, HMS

  Gorlice-Tarnow, Battle of

  Gough, Hubert

  Grautoff, F.H.

  Great Britain

  in Africa

  Belgian neutrality and

  conscription in

  economic warfare and

  France’s Africa rivalry with

  Germany’s naval code broken by

  Germany’s naval rivalry with

  Germany’s Weltkrieg concept and

  in Japanese alliance of 1902,

&nb
sp; labor shortage in

  liberalism vs. state power in

  Ottoman Empire and

  Pacific naval operations of

  Rapallo conferences and

  Salonika campaign and

  in Triple Entente

  wartime industry of

  war weariness in

  Greece

  Greenmantle (Buchan)

  Grey, Edward

  Groener, Wilhelm

  Grunert, Colonel

  Gumbinnen, Battle of

  Guse, Felix

  Haber, Fritz

  Hague Convention of 1899,

  Hague Convention of 1907,

  Haig, Douglas

  Haldane, Richard

  Halévy, Daniel

  Halévy, Elie

  Halil Pasha

  Hall, Reginald “Blinker,”

  Hamilton, Ian

  Hampshire, HMS

  Händler und Helden (Sombart)

  Hankey, Maurice

  Hase, Georg von

  Haussmann, Conrad

  Hay, Ian

  Helphand, Alexander

  Hentsch, Richard

  Herbert, Aubrey

  Herero uprising of 1904-5,

  Hertling, Georgvon

  Hindenburg, Paul von

  Hintze, Paul von

  Hipper, Franz von

  Hitler, Adolf

  Hoffmann, Max

  Holtzendorff, Henning von

  Hoskins, A.R.

  Hötzendorff, Conrad von

  House, Edward

  Hoyos, Alexander, Graf von

  Hughes, Billy

  Hungary

  food shortages in

  Hussein, sherif of Mecca

  imperialism

  Indefatigable, HMS

  Independence Party, Hungarian

  Independent Labour Party, British

  Independent Socialist Party, German

  India

  Mesopotamia campaign and

  Indian Expeditionary Force B

  Indian Expeditionary Force D,

  India Office, British

  Inflexible, HMS

  influenza epidemic of

  Ingenohl, Friedrich von

  Inoue Kauro

  Invincible, HMS

  Iraq

  see also Mesopotamia; Mesopotamia campaign

  Ireland

  Iron Duke, HMS

  Isonzo River, battles of

  Italy

  antiwar demonstrations in

  liberalism in

  Libya invaded by

  peace settlement and

  in Triple Entente

  war on Austria-Hungary declared by

  Jackson, John

  Japan

  Britain’s 1902 alliance with

  China and

  Russia’s war with

  Tsingtao campaign and

  21 Demands of

  war on Germany declared by

  Jaurès, Jean

  Jellicoe, John Rushworth

  Jeras, Josip

  Jews

  Russo-German War and

  Joffre, Joseph

  Johns, WE.

  Jones, Kennedy

  Jouinot-Gambetta, F.L.

  Jubert, Raymond

  Jünger, Ernst

  Jutland, Battle of

 

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