Weaver, John, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8
An Essay Towards an History of Dancing, Chapter 2.1, 2.2
The Loves of Mars and Venus, Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Orpheus and Eurydice, Chapter 2.1
Weber, Carl Maria von, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 8.1
Webern, Anton, Chapter 10.1, 12.1
Weill, Kurt, Chapter 12.1, 12.2
White Nights (film), Chapter 11.1
Whitman, Walt, Chapter 8.1
Wick, Rebecca, Chapter 2.1
Wieniawski, Henryk, Chapter 7.1
Wigman, Mary, Chapter 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
wigs, Chapter 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
Wiley, Roland John, Chapter 7.1
wilis, Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 9.1
Danish version of, Chapter 5.1, 5.2
Giselle and, Chapter 4.1
Petipa’s Giselle and, Chapter 4.1
Russian version of, Chapter 7.1
Williams, Tennessee, Chapter 10.1
Wilson, Robert, Chapter 12.1
Winckelmann, Johann, Chapter 6.1, 6.2
women dancers. See ballerinas
Woolf, Leonard, Chapter 10.1
Woolf, Virginia, Chapter 10.1
Xenakis, Iannis, Chapter 12.1
Yakobson, Leonid, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6
The Bedbug, Chapter 9.1, 9.2
The Golden Age, Chapter 9.1
Spartacus, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
The Twelve, Chapter 9.1, 9.2
Yeats, William Butler, Chapter 10.1
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, Chapter 9.1
Yiddish Art Theatre, Chapter 12.1
Young Ballet, Chapter 8.1, 9.1
Zakharov, Rostislav, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, epl.1
Cinderella, Chapter 9.1
The Fountain of Bakhchisarai, Chapter 9.1
Zeffirelli, Franco, Chapter 10.1
Zen Buddhism, Chapter 12.1, 12.2
Zhdanov, Andrei, Chapter 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7
Zucchi, Virginia, Chapter 6.1, 7.1
1.1: Library of Congress, Music Division; 2.1: Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; 3.1: BNF; 3.2: BNF; 3.3: BNF; 4.1: Courtesy of Madison U. Sowell & Debra Sowell, Provo, Utah; 4.2: “The Claque in Action,” c. 1830–40 by French school, Bibliothèque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris / Archives, Charmot / Bridgeman Art Library; 4.3: Marie and Paul Taglioni in the ballet La Sylphide, 1832, by Francois Gabriel Guillaume Lepaulle, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Paris / Giraudon / Bridgeman Art Library; 5.1: Odense City Museum; 6.1: Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; 8.1: Peter Willi / Superstock; 8.2: Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; 9.1: RIA Novosti; 10.1: Baron / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; 12.1: Pillar of Fire, 1946, photograph by Roger Wood © ROH Collections and Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts; 12.2: Photo by Costas; 12.3: Martha Swope
Insert Credits
Da Vinci drawing: © The Proportions of the Human Figure (after Vitruvius), c.1492 (pen & ink on paper) by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) Galleria dell’ Accademia, Venice, Italy / The Bridgeman Art Library; fencing manual: © Culture and Sport Glasgow; Laumosnier painting: © Meeting between Louis XIV (1638–1715) and Philippe IV (1605–65) at Isle des Faisans, 7th November 1659 (oil on canvas) by Laumosnier (fl.1690–1725) Musée de Tesse, Le Mans, France / Lauros / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library and © K.8.K.7. Book 2 plate IV; Art of Dancing engraving: The Music Ceremony Concluded, the Dance begins: Music, Dance Steps and Dancers for a Minuet from Kellom Tomlinson’s Art of Dancing, engraved by Jan van der Gucht (1697–1776), 18th century (engraving) British Library, London, UK / © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / The Bridgeman Art Library; Alceste: © Performance of the Opera Alceste, Performed in the Marble Courtyard at the Chateâu de Versailles, engraved by Antoine Le Pautre (1621–91) 1676 (engraving) by French School (17th century) Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France / Lauros / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library; Saint-Laurent Fairgrounds: © Theatrical Performance at the Saint-Laurent Fair, 1786 (w/c on paper) by French School (18th century) Musée de la Ville de Paris, Musée Carnavalet, Paris, France / Lauros / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library; Auguste Vestris: BNF; crowds storming the Paris Opera: BNF; Parisians storming the Bastille: BNF; Noble Sans-Culotte: © The Noble Sans-Culotte, published by Hannah Humphrey in 1794 (etching) by James Gillray (1757–1815) © Courtesy of the Warden and Scholars of New College, Oxford / The Bridgeman Art Library; Pierre Gardel: BNF; Parisian fashion dolls: © Dresses and Costumes in Vogue during the French Revolution (gouache) by Lesueur, P. A. (1770–1850) & Lesueur, J. B. (1750–1850) Private Collection / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library; The Citizenesses of Paris: © Musée de Poitiers, Christian Vignaud; Festival of Agriculture: © The Feast of Agriculture in 1796 at Paris (colored engraving), Lesueur, P. A. (1770–1850) & Lesueur, J. B. (1750–1850) / Private Collection / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library International; Marie Taglioni: BNF; period shoes: © V & A Images / Victoria and Albert Museum; Taglioni’s shoes: Signed ballet shoes belonging to Maria Taglioni (1804–84) (photo) by French School (19th century) Bibliothèque de l’Opera Garnier, Paris, France / Archives Charmet / The Bridgeman Art Library; Elssler box: © Courtesy of Madison U. Sowell and Debra H. Sowell, Provo, Utah; Nikolaj Hübbe: © Photo by Costas; A Folk Tale: © Martin Mydtskov R⊘nne; Maria Medina: © Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Emma Hamilton: © The Trustees of the British Museum; Excelsior: © Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Cecchetti funeral procession: © Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Tatiana Granatova-Shlykova: © RIA Novosti; Sleeping Beauty: © The St. Petersburg State Museum of Theater and Music; Fabergé egg: © Gatchina Palace Egg, House of Fabergé, Russian 1901, gold, enamel, silver-gilt, portrait diamonds, rock crystals, and seed pearls, 4 15/16 × 3 9/16 in. (12.5 × 9.1 cm). The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore; couple in Russian costume: © Mary Evans Picture Library; Rite of Spring: © Members of the Ballets Russes de Diaghilev dance in the Paris production of The Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) 1913 by English photographer (20th century) Private Collection / Roger-Viollet, Paris / The Bridgeman Art Library; Picasso drawing: © Ballerina, c.1919 (gouache on paper) by Picasso, Pablo (1881–1973) Private Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library; Diaghilev and Stravinsky: © Topham; Étude: © Ballet Society, Inc.; Apollon Musagète: © Sasha / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; Matilda Kschessinska: © Stringer / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; “ballet babies”: © Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Marie Sallé: © Portrait of Mademoiselle Marie Sallé (c.1702–56) 1737 (oil on canvas) by Louis Michel van Loo (1707–71) Musée des Beaux-Arts, Tours, France / Giraudon / The Bridgeman Art Library; dancer as sylphide: © BNF; Marie Antoinette in white: © Marie Antoinette (1752–93) from Receuil des Estampes, representant les Rangs et les Dignites, suivant le Costume de toutes les Nations existantes, published 1780 (hand-colored engraving) by Pierre Duflos (1742–1816) Private Collection / The Stapleton Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library; Marie Antoinette as shepherdess: © Mary Evans Picture Library; Madeleine Guimard: © Portrait of Mademoiselle Guimard as Terpsichore, c.1799 (oil on canvas) by Jacques Louis David (1748–1825) Private Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library; Antoine Paul: © BNF; Marie Taglioni: © Maria Taglioni (1804–84) in La Sylphide, Souvenir d’Adieu, c.1832 (color litho) by Marie Alexandre Alophe (1812–83) Bibliothèque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France / Archives Charmet / The Bridgeman Art Library; Carlotta Brianza: © The St. Petersburg State Museum of T
heater and Music; Tamara Karsavina: © Tamara Platnovna Karsavina (1885–1978) as The Firebird by Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) from the front cover of Le Théatre magazine, May 1911 (color litho) by French School (20th century) Bibliothèque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France / Archives Charmet / The Bridgeman Art Library; Rudolf Nureyev: © Apic / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; Margot Fonteyn: © Photograph by Maurice Seymour, courtesy of Ronald Seymour; Maya Plisetskaya: © RIA Novosti; Natalia Makarova: © Photograph by Frederika Davis, Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Jacques d’Amboise and Patricia McBride: © Martha Swope; Serenade: © Photo by Costas; Jewels: © Photo by Costas; 1929 Nutcracker: © The St. Petersburg State Museum of Theater and Music; Machine Dance: © Margaret Bourke-White, Courtesy, Corking Gallery, Toronto; Agrippina Vaganova: © Topham; Galina Ulanova in Romeo and Juliet: © Roger Wood Photographic Collection, Royal Opera House Collections; Ulanova as Soviet citizen: © Topham; Ulanova’s curtain call: © Lebrecht; Bolshoi Theater: © Cornell Capa, Magnum Photos; Khrushchev at Bolshoi Theater: © Howard Sochurek / TIME & LIFE Images / Getty Images; John F. Kennedy: © SV-Bilderdienst; painting of Lydia Lopokova: © Estate of Vanessa Bell, courtesy Henrietta Garnett; Ninette de Valois: © Gordon Anthony / V&A Images / V&A Theater Collections; Anton Dolin: © Tunbridge / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; Moira Shearer and Léonide Massine: © Topham; Rudolf Nureyev signing autographs: © 2009 Roger Urban @nureyevlegacy.org; Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev: © Le Corsaire, 1968, photo Donald Southern at ROH collections; Enigma Variations: © Enigma Variations, 1968, photo Donald Southern at ROH collections; Order of Merit: © George Freston / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; Lynn Seymour: © Anthony Crickmay / V&A Images / V&A Theatre Collection; Stimmung: © Colette Masson; Anna Pavlova advertisement: © Reproduced with kind permission of Unilever PLC and group companies, Duke University Libraries; Katherine Dunham: © Gjon Mili / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images; Fred Astaire: © Hulton Archive / Hulton Archive / Getty Images; The Green Table: © CBS / CBS Photo Archive / Getty Images; Dark Elegies: © Gjon Mili / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images; Nora Kaye: © Baron / Hulton Archives / Getty Images; Jerome Robbins rehearsing for West Side Story: © Henri Cartier-Bresson, Magnum Photos; Robbins at HUAC: © New York Times Co. / Archive Photos / Getty Images; James Dean: © SV-Bilderdienst; Dances at a Gathering: © Martha Swope; Robbins and Balanchine: © Dominique Nabokov; Balanchine with wet nurse: © Ballet Society, Inc.; Balanchine at rehearsal: © Topham; Balanchine Easter dinner: © Dominique Nabokov; snowflakes from Petipa Nutcracker: © The St. Petersburg State Museum of Theater and Music; snowflakes from Balanchine Nutcracker: © Photo by Costas; Agon: © Martha Swope; “Balanchine Amid His New Breed”: © Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, photograph by Bernard Gotfryd; Balanchine and Kirstein: © Dominique Nabokov; Adagio Lamentoso: © Courtesy of Carolyn George d’Amboise
JENNIFER HOMANS was a professional dancer. She was trained at the North Carolina School for the Arts and The School of American Ballet and performed with the Chicago Lyric Opera Ballet, the San Francisco Ballet, and the Pacific Northwest Ballet. Currently the dance critic for The New Republic, she has written for The New York Times, The International Herald Tribune, The New York Review of Books, and The Australian. She earned her B.A. at Columbia University and her Ph.D. in modern European history at New York University. She is currently a distinguished scholar in residence at New York University.
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