Journal of Captain Cook’s Last Voyage to the Pacific, A (Ledyard), 14
Jules, Prince de Polignac, 268
Jungavie (village), 222
Kaarta (place), 19
Kabara (place), 161, 230, 235-36
kafir, defined, 36, 130
Kaiama (capital of Borgu), 181-83
Kainji Dam, 43, 186n, 189
Kano(city), 117, 118, 121-24, 122,129-30, 182, 210-13, 223
war with Sokoto, 189-90, 213, 219, 220
Karamanli dynasty, 8, 68, 271-74. See also Ahmad Karamanli; Ali Bey Karamanli; Yusuf Karamanli
Kashna (place), 43
Katunga, Sultan of, 179
Katunga (Old Oyo, Yoruba capital), 162,180-81
Kayee (town), 42
Kitty’s Amelia (slave ship), 160?
Knights of St. John, 67
Koki (town), 214
kola nut trade, xiv
Komie (Komi, town), 189
Kukawa (capital of Bornu), 105-7, 105,114, 114, 117, 130-32, 159, 211, 215,219
Kunta tribe, 204
Laboo (Lalo), 163
Lagos River, 162
Laing, Alexander Gordon, xx, xxi, 17
arrives in Timbuktu, 228-37, 230, 255n
arrives in Tripoli, 1-10
attacked by Hoggar Tuareg, 197-206,238
background and early career of, 50-56
Bandinel and, 141, 153
Bathust commissions, for Timbuktu expedition, 63
British forget, 274
Caillié vs., 257, 269
Clapperton’s rivalry with, 82, 133-34,136-38, 152-56
Hatita ag Khuden and, 77
last letter to Warrington, 278-79
leaves Mokhtar camp for Timbuktu 207-9
leaves Timbuktu, 233-38
leaves Tripoli, 35-36, 49-50, 63-64
letters of, 141n. See also specific correspondents
loses post in West Africa, 56-61
map by, of trip from Tripoli to Ghadames,148
marries Emma Warrington, 25-27,33-35, 169-74, 177
meets Yusuf, bashaw of Tripoli, 28-33
mystery of death and papers of, solved,275-84
news of death of, reaches Warrington,239-55, 263
parents of, 50, 283
portrait of, 2
remains of, found, 279
route of, across Sahara, 139
search for papers of, after death, 249,251, 253-74
Tanezrouft crossing by, 193-209
Timbuktu discovery and, 257, 276
Travels in the Timanee by, 135n, 192n
travels to Ghadames, 138-52, 147-51,166-69, 172-74
travels to In Salah, 174-77, 180, 190-93
Warrington family and, in Tripoli, 22-28
Laing, Emma Warrington, 193, 229, 238
awaits news of missing Laing, 239-43
death of, 283-84
death of Laing and, 252-53, 280
last letter to Laing, 240-42
marries Wood, 261, 283
ivory miniature of, 171-72
Laing’s attack in desert and, 203-4, 206
Laing’s correspondence with, 149,169-72, 203-4, 206-7, 236
marries Laing, 33-35, 169-74
Laing, Mrs. William (mother), 50
Laing, William (father), 50
Laird, Macgregor, 226
Lander, John, 158, 226
Lander, Richard Lemon
background of, 157-59, 158
in Africa after death of Clapperton,222-26
in Africa with Clapperton, 162-65,180-86, 188, 189, 210, 211, 213,216-22
mouth of Niger discovered by, and later career, 158, 226-27
laudanum, 221n
le Bore, Jack, 140, 201, 202, 204
Ledyard, John, 13-17, 157
Lenz, Oskar, 276
Leo X, Pope, xvi
Leptis Magna (Roman ruins), 26, 66
Le Sémaphore de Marseille, 247
L’Etoile (Paris daily), 250, 251, 281
Libya, 17, 112
Lisbon, xiv
Liverpool, Earl of, 61
Livingstone, David, 226
Llandaff, Bishop of, 12
London Times, 43
Lucas, Simon, 16-18, 44
Ludamar (Moorish kingdom), 19
Lyle, Peter, 30
Lyon, George F., 70-80, 78, 83, 89, 90, 123,135n, 144, 149, 166, 167, 176, 192
MacCarthy, Sir Charles, 55-60
Madoc, Laurence, xvii
Maefen (town), 98
malaria, 54n, 74, 91, 98, 117, 157, 225n
Malian Empire, xi, xii, xiv-xvi, 235n
Mandara tribe, 114-15, 117
Mandingo tribe, xiv, xv, 42, 55
Mansa Musa, emperor of Mali, xiv-xvi,231
Mansoleh, King of Yorubaland, 180-82
Maraymy (bodyguard), 116-17
Marrakech, 63
Massina (plateau), 235n
Mauritius, Battle of (1814), 82
Maxwell, George, 38-40
Mediterranean, 66n
Meghara Arabs, 97-99, 101, 114-15, 114,118
Misurata (city), 17
Mohammed, Sultan of Wawa, 183-85
Mohammed bin Mokhtar, Sidi (son of Sheikh Mokhtar), 204-5, 207-8, 228,240, 244-45
Mohammed el Washy, 244
Mokhtar, Mohammed Ould, xxiii-xxv, 277,278, 280
Mokhtar, Sheikh Sidi, of Kunta tribe, 204,207, 210, 240, 254
Monnier, Baron, 268
Monnier Commission, 268-69, 272, 276
Moors, xvii, xviii
Morelli (Neapolitan consul), 282
Morison, Dr. Robert, 157, 163, 164, 178,179
Morocco, xvii, xviii, 5n, 249
Morocco, sultan of, 67
mosquitoes, 54n, 74, 98, 157, 163, 198
Moussa River, 181
Mozart, 180
Muhammad Ali Pashaw, ruler of Egypt,262
Murmur (village), 120, 130
Murray, John, 55, 135-36, 192
Murzuk (capital of Fezzan), 44, 45, 67,72-77, 79, 83, 84, 87-92, 92, 95-98,124, 145, 176
Muslims, xii, xiv, 36, 66, 77, 130, 136
Nahun, Abraham, 140, 201
Napoleon Bonaparte, 21, 44-46, 66, 73, 83,140, 167
Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa (Denham),136, 192n
nasrani, defined, 36, 130, 200
Ngala (town), 131
Nicholls, Henry, 45-46
Nigeria, 43, 80, 108, 179
Niger, 77
Niger River, 12, 16n, 18-21, 45-47, 62-63,65, 124
British desire to control, 21
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton expedition and, 83-87, 105, 117-18, 124, 128,129, 131-36
Clapperton’s second expedition and,133-34, 161, 181, 186-87, 189-90,227
Laing and, 55, 141, 232, 237-38
Lander brothers discover mouth of, 158,226
Lyon and, 79-80
Park and, 20, 37-43, 129, 186-87 problem of source and mouth, 18, 20,37-41, 43, 65, 79-80, 117, 124, 128,135, 141, 226, 232
Timbuktu and, 230-31
Tripoli route and, 67, 70-71
Nile River, 41, 38, 79-80, 128
North America, 160
Nyffee, 183
Oil Rivers delta, 46, 124, 226
Old Oyo, 162n
Oli River, 183
Order of the Garter, 62n
Othman Al Kaidi bin Boubakr, Sheikh (governor of Timbuktu), 230, 232,233-35, 278
Othman Dan Fodio (Bello’s father), 219-20,219n, 234
Ottoman Empire, 4, 5n, 31, 67-68
Oudney, Dr. Walter, 47, 81-91, 88, 92,94-105, 105, 109-13, 167
illness and death of, 117-20, 130,132-34, 157, 162
journals of, 136
Niger hypothesis of, 135
Oyo (city), 162n
Park, Dr. Mungo, 134, 157
Bello on disappearance of, 128-29
death of, 156, 185-89, 194-95
first expedition of, 19-21, 39
Laing and, 141, 1
94-95, 237
papers of, 129, 187, 188
portrait of, 40
second expedition of, 39-43, 46
theory of Niger of, 37-39, 124
Park, Mrs. Mungo, 42, 43
Pasco (servant), 218-19, 223
Pearce, Robert, 157, 163-65, 178
Peddie, John, 46
Peel, Robert, 61
Peninsular War, 24, 83
Penrose, Sir Charles, 66
Phoenicia, xiiPitt, William, 62
Polo, Marco, 134
Portuguese slavers, 224, 225
Pory, John, xvi, xvii
Prester John, xvii
Ptolemy, xix, 192
Pyramids, Battle of, 44
Quakers, 159
quinine, 98, 157
rais, defined, 130n
Rawdon, Lord, 12
redwater tree (Erythrophleum guineense), 224n
Rennell, James, 21
Ripon, Lord, 270n
Ritchie, Dr. Joseph, 70-76, 79, 83, 89, 157
Roger (carpenter), 140-41
Rokelle River, 55
Roman Empire, xii, xviii, 12, 26n, 63, 67, 91, 141, 149-50
Ross, William, 57, 58
Rossoni, Giacomo, 246-48, 251, 258, 261, 262, 264
Rousseau, Jean-François-Xavier, 250n
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 250n
Rousseau, Joseph-Louis, Baron, 26-27, 243, 250-52, 259-69, 272-73, 275, 276, 280-82
Rousseau, Timoléon, 27, 243, 252, 259, 261, 283-84
Royal Astronomical Society, 66n
Royal Geographical Society, 46, 47, 66n, 135
Royal Society, 11-13, 12, 60, 66n, 136,141n
Russia, 14
Sabine, Capt. Edward, 60, 155-56, 192
Sahab, Laing killed at, 236, 277, 279-80
Sahara Desert, xix, 5, 63, 66-68, 198
Laing crosses, 139, 140-43, 194-97
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton and, 87-88, 88, 103, 133, 135
salt trade, xiii, xiv 103
sandstorms, 87-88, 208-9
Sankore Mosque, 231
Sansanding (place), 238, 245, 254
Saturday’s Club, 11-13
savanna, xiin
Scott, Sir Walter, 39-40
2nd West India Regiment, 52
Segou (town), 19-20, 42-43, 235, 238, 279
Seku Hamadu, 232, 233-34
Senegal, 21, 46, 130, 213, 256
Senegambia, 40
Severus, Lucius Septimius, emperor of Rome, 9
Shari River (Chari-Logone), 104, 109, 131
Shar (village), 162
Shua territory, 119
Sidra, Gulf of, 142
Sierra Leone, 54-58, 60, 136, 137, 161, 192, 225, 238, 248
Silla (town), 20
Simbing, Mali, 18
Sinclair, Sir John, 12
Siwa oasis, 44
slave trade, 78
Arabs and, xii-xiv, xxi
Badagri and, 224
bashaw of Tripoli and, 30, 68, 70
British desire to end, 53-55, 62, 70-71,126-29, 156, 159-61, 215, 227, 248
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton on route of, 99
Denham with Bhu Khallum’s expedition, 111, 113-17, 125
Ghadames and, 149
Jannah and, 164
Kano and, 122-23
Lyon’s observations of, 78-79, 78
Smyth, William Henry, 66-67
Society for the Abolition of Slaves, 15
Society of Dilettanti, 11
Sockna (Sukhah), 87, 88, 112
sodomy, 111n, 133
Sokoto, 105, 135
Clapperton’s first expedition and, 117-18, 124-29
Clapperton’s second expedition and, 142, 153, 159, 161, 162, 189-90, 210-21
Laing and, 142, 153, 233
Sokoto-Bornu war, 189-90
Soma, Mount, 55
Soolima tribe, 55
South America, 160
Speke, John Hanning, 38n, 226
Stanley, Henry Morton, xxii, 226-27
“Statement to the Right Honorable Lord Goodrich”(D’Ghies), 270
Sublime Porte, 8, 68
Sudan, xii, xvii-xviii, 77
derivation of name, xiin
sugar trade, 53
Swift, Jonathan, xixSydney, Lord, 16
Sympkins, Adolphus “Columbus,” 86, 131
Tafilet, 276
Tahiti, 13
Talma, François, 168n
Tamrit (place), 102
Tamsawa (Tesawa, place), 145
Tanezrouft Desert, 176-77, 176, 193-209,238
Tebu tribe, 77, 100-103, 102
Tegheri (town), 77, 80
Theroux, Paul, 146n
Thomson, Jasper, xviii
Tibesti Mountains, 77, 88, 101
Tiggema (Achenouma, village), 102-3
Timbuktu, iv
African Association and, 18
ancient, xiii-xviii, 231
Arabs seal off, xiii
Bathurst interested in finding, 62-63
Caillié reaches, 255-57, 276-77
Clapperton and Laing race to find, xxi, 133-38, 141, 142, 147, 152-61,173, 177-90, 193, 205, 210-22,234
Clapperton dies without reaching,218-23, 225, 227, 229, 253
distance of, from Tripoli, 63n
fame of, and European attempts to find, xi-xx, xix, 65
French Geographical Society prize and, xxii, 257
Hornemann’s attempt to find, 43-45
Houghton’s attempt to find, 18-19
Laing attacked in Tanezrouft on way to,193-209
Laing departs Tripoli for, 35-36,49-50
Laing leaves, 236-38, 245, 278-279
Laing missing after reaching, 239-55
Laing reaches, 228-37, 230, 244-45,250, 254, 257, 261
Laing’s early interest in, 55, 141
Laing’s route to Ghadames, from Tripoli on way to, 138-52, 139
Laing’s trip to, planned in Tripoli, 22-33
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton attempt to find, 81-137
Park’s disappearance heightens interest in, 46-47
Park’s first attempt to reach, 19-21
Park’s second attempt to reach, 37-38,39-43
Ritchie, Lyon, and Belford attempt Tripoli route to, 70-80
Saturday’s Club and, 12
Tripoli or north-south route to, 63
Tuckey attempts to find, 47-48
Tinrhert Hamada (area), 147
Toko (place), 179
Toole, Ernest, 131, 133
Tory Party, 61
Touggourt road, 63
Toulouse, Battle of, 83
Traghan (Tqraghin, town), 98
Travels in North Africa (Lyon), 71,192n
Travels in the Timanee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries in Western Africa(Laing), 55, 60, 192n
Travels into the Interior Districts of Africa (Park), 20
Travels of Edrisi, 192
Travels of Ibn Battuta, xiiin
Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo (Caillié), 257, 268-69
Tripoli, 130. See also Tripoli Route
Anglo-French attempt to reduce piracyat, 69-70
British consulate in, 8-9, 22
Castle of, 6-7, 9, 28-32, 30
Clapperton and, 132-34
as departure point for African expeditions,63, 66-70
French threaten war on, 272-74
Ghadames and, 138, 150
Hornemann at, 44
Laing arrives in, 1-10, 22-28
Laing departs, for Timbuktu, 35-36
Laing marries Emma Warrington in,33-35
layout and importance of, 3-9, 3
Lucas at, 17-18
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton expedition and, 84-85
returned to Turkish rule, 274
slave trade and, 114
Warrington installed in, 25
Tripoli Route
developed, 65-70
Laing’s route mapped, 139, 148
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton expedition from, 82-137, 8
8
Ritchie-Lyon expedition from, 70-80
Tripolitania, 5n
end of Regency of, 271-72
United States war vs., 69n
Warrington breaks diplomatic relationswith, 262, 265
Tuareg, 36, 68, 77, 89-91, 101-3, 130,167, 175-76, 176, 192, 195, 197, 232,239-40. See also Ajjer Tuareg; Hoggar Tuareg
Tuat (region), 63, 167
Tuckey, James Kingston, 47-48, 135n
Tunis, 4
Tunis, bey of, 67, 150
Tunisia, 5n
Turkey. See Ottoman Empire
Turner, Maj. Gen. Charles, 57-60
Tyrwhitt, John, 84, 96, 131-33
United States
Hassuna and, 264
slave trade and, 160, 160n
war with Tripoli, 69n
Venice, xiv
Victoria, Lake, 38n
Wadi Ahnet (place), 198, 278
Wadi Mimum, 89
Wangara (Ouangara, town), 38, 41, 63
War of 1812, 82
Warrington, Hanmer
background of, 24-25
Caillié and, 269
Denham-Oudney-Clapperton expedition and, 81, 84, 86, 89, 91-96, 100, 101,111-13, 119, 131, 133, 134
“English Garden” of, 6, 22, 23, 33
Laing expedition and, 152-56, 167-68,172-73, 228
Laing meets, in Tripoli, 2-7, 3, 18,22-28, 31, 33
Laing’s correspondence with, 138, 140,142, 148, 149, 172-73, 191-93, 201,205-7, 207, 237
Laing’s final letter to, 235-36,278-79
marriage of daughter Emma to Laing and,33-35, 169-74
news of death of Laing reaches, 244-55,275-76, 278
news of Laing attack by Tuareg reaches,238, 240
retirement and death of, 282-83
Ritchie-Lyon expedition and, 71-72, 75,76, 79, 80
rivalry of, with French consul and bashaw,26-27
search for Laing’s papers and dispute with Rousseau, 253-55, 257-71, 273-74,280, 281
searches for news of Laing, after Timbuktu, 239-48
Tripoli as departure point for African expeditions and, 66, 68-72, 80
Warrington, Emma (daughter, later Laing, Emma Warrington), 22, 25-26, 33-35
Warrington, Frederick (son), 23
Warrington, George (son), 22
Warrington, Jane Elizabeth (daughter), 22,24, 283
Warrington, Jane Eliza Pryce (wife), 22, 24,25, 35, 170, 171, 240, 282
Warrington, Louisa (daughter), 22
Waterloo, Battle of, 27
Wawa (town), 183-86
Wedgwood, Josiah, 21
Wellington, Duke of, 83, 282
West Africa
attempt to abolish slave trade in,160-61
fevers and, 54n
Laing’s early career in, 54-61
Western Mountains, 5
West Indies, 52-54, 160
Whitbread (beer brewer,) 21
Whydah (Ouidah, harbor), 159, 161
Wilberforce, William, 21, 159-60
William IV, King of England, 282
Wilmot, Robert, 94-95
Wood, Jane Warrington, 283
Race for Timbuktu: In Search of Africa's City of Gold Page 37
