10. “George Lucas Sr. Story Rivals Son’s Film Saga.”
11. Karyn Hunt, “Business Leader G. W. Lucas Dies,” Modesto Bee, December 19, 1991.
12. “Dorothy Bomberger and George Lucas Marry at Methodist Church.” See also “Dorothy Bomberger and George Lucas to Wed: Invitations in Mails,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, July 23, 1933; and “Plan Wedding,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, July 24, 1933.
13. See “Club’s Speaker Lauds Roosevelt,” Fresno Bee, December 19, 1933.
14. See “Dorothy B. Lucas Dead at 75,” Modesto Bee, March 12, 1989.
15. “Two Stationery Stores Change Hands Here,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, January 26, 1949.
16. “George Lucas Sr. Story Rivals Son’s Film Saga.”
17. L. M. Morris advertisement, Modesto Bee and News-Herald, November 30, 1934.
18. See “Morris Rites Will Be Tomorrow,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, February 4, 1949.
19. Dale Pollock, Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas, updated ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1999), 13.
20. “George Lucas Sr. Story Rivals Son’s Film Saga.”
21. Pollock, Skywalking, 14.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Omnibus Special Edition: George Lucas: Flying Solo, BBC Television, 1997 (hereafter Flying Solo).
25. Pollock, Skywalking, 15.
26. Gerald Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again,” Time, May 23, 1983.
27. Creating an Empire.
28. Flying Solo.
29. Pollock, Skywalking, 15.
30. “Two Stationery Stores Change Hands Here”; “Morris Rites Will Be Tomorrow.”
31. “George Lucas Sr. Story Rivals Son’s Film Saga.”
32. Williams, “Inside George Lucas.”
33. Creating an Empire.
34. Ibid.
35. Pollock, Skywalking, 37.
36. Ibid., 19.
37. Denise Worrell, Icons: Intimate Portraits (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989), 286.
38. Flying Solo.
39. Pollock, Skywalking, 16.
40. Creating an Empire.
41. Alan Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy: A Journal of the Making of The Empire Strikes Back (New York: Ballantine, 1980), 219.
42. “George Lucas: A Life Making Movies,” Academy of Achievement interview, June 19, 1999, http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/luc0int-1 (hereafter “GL: A Life Making Movies”).
43. Pollock, Skywalking, 15.
44. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
45. Pollock, Skywalking, 37, 39.
46. Ibid., 11. For a variation on this story, see Peter Biskind, Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock ’n’ Roll Generation Saved Hollywood (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 37.
47. Creating an Empire.
48. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 189.
49. Pollock, Skywalking, 20.
50. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 189–90.
51. Pollock, Skywalking, 20.
52. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 189–90.
53. Jess Cagle, “Director: So, What’s the Deal with Leia’s Hair?” Time, April 29, 2002.
54. Pollock, Skywalking, 22.
55. Creating an Empire.
56. Pollock, Skywalking, 22.
57. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
58. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 220.
59. Pollock, Skywalking, 18.
60. Creating an Empire.
61. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
62. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 221.
63. Pollock, Skywalking, 18.
64. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 220.
65. Creating an Empire.
66. Donald Ault, ed., Carl Barks: Conversations (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2003), 130.
67. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 221.
68. Virginia Mecklenberg and Todd McCarthy, Telling Stories: Norman Rockwell, from the Collections of George Lucas and Steven Spielberg (New York: Abrams, 2010), 20.
69. Ibid., 18.
70. Marcus Hearn, The Cinema of George Lucas (New York: Abrams, 2005), 10–11 (hereafter COGL).
71. John Baxter, George Lucas: A Biography (London: HarperCollins Entertainment, 1999), 24–25.
72. Worrel, Icons, 286.
73. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
74. Lucas has often said that the only channel available in Modesto was KRON, an NBC affiliate from San Francisco. Have Gun, Will Travel, however, was on CBS, not NBC. To watch Have Gun, Will Travel—as Lucas remembers doing—he would have been tuned to KPIX, a CBS affiliate broadcasting out of San Francisco.
75. While Lucas recalls seeing the Flash Gordon serials on a show called Adventure Theater, which he and countless other sources have reported as airing on KRON each evening at 6 p.m., there may be some confusion. Adventure Theater didn’t premiere on KRON until 1960—and even then, it aired at 2:30 in the afternoon. (At 6 p.m., KRON was broadcasting Fireman Frank.) Lucas certainly could have seen Flash on Adventure Theater in 1960; in 1955, however, a better bet is probably KTVU from Stockton, which was broadcasting a show called Super Serial each evening at 6. He may also be confusing Adventure Theater with Science Fiction Theater, which aired nightly at 7 p.m. on KRON in 1955. Also adding to the possible confusion: in 1956, NBC aired its own Adventure Theater, a new thirteen-part police anthology series. Regardless, the Flash Gordon serials were broadcast on a channel available in Modesto, and Lucas watched them.
76. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 220.
77. Ibid., 220–21.
78. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
79. COGL, 61.
80. Worrell, Icons, 285.
81. COGL, 11.
82. Pollock, Skywalking, 21.
83. “Newspaper for Juniors Is Published by Two Boys,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, August 18, 1955.
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid.
86. Ibid.
87. Pollock, Skywalking, 20.
88. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
89. Pollock, Skywalking, 37.
90. Ibid., 23.
91. Creating an Empire.
92. While Pollock ( Skywalking) says that Lucas attended an Elvis concert in San Francisco “right after” the Sullivan appearance, Presley wasn’t scheduled to be in northern California until nearly a year later.
93. Stephen Farber, “George Lucas: The Stinky Kid Hits the Big Time,” Film Quarterly 27, no. 3 (Spring 1974): 2–9.
94. Creating an Empire.
95. COGL, 12.
96. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
97. “An Interview with George Lucas,” Milken Institute Global Conference, April 30, 2012, http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/2012/panel-detail/3586 (hereafter Milken).
98. COGL, 12.
99. Flying Solo.
100. Pollock, Skywalking, 24.
101. Flying Solo.
102. Worrell, Icons, 285–86.
103. COGL, 12.
104. Worrell, Icons, 285–86.
105. COGL, 12.
106. Pollock, Skywalking, 27.
107. “Faros Car Club Members Talk About American Graffiti and Cruising,” Modesto News video, June 7, 2014, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrQiJ3RYODM.
108. Pollock, Skywalking, 27.
109. Creating an Empire.
110. Milken.
111. Creating an Empire.
112. Pollock, Skywalking, 29.
113. Ibid.
114. “George Lucas Talks to the Bee’s Marijke Rowland,” video, Modesto Bee, June 7, 2013, http://www.modbee.com/welcome_page/?shf=/2013/06/07/2752579_video-george-lucas-talks-to-the.html.
115. Pollock, Skywalking, 25.
116. Richard Heseltine, “The Real American Graffiti Artist,” Motor Sport, June 2009.
117. “George Lucas–Allen Grant,” Modesto CruiseRoute, YouTube video, Jul
y 13, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMxhdiVQv0w.
118. As reported faithfully in the Modesto Bee throughout 1961 and 1962. See, for example, “Modesto Sports Car Club Wins Contest,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, March 20, 1961.
119. Pollock, Skywalking, 24.
120. Ibid., 46.
121. “History and Today,” Canyon Cinema website, http://www.canyoncinema.com/about/history.
122. COGL, 16.
123. Pollock, Skywalking, 27.
124. Jason Walsh, “Episode III: A New Hack,” Pacific Sun, February 12–18, 2010.
125. COGL, 13.
126. Pollock, Skywalking, 38.
127. John Seabrook, “Why the Force Is Still with Us,” The New Yorker, January 6, 1997.
128. All accounts of the accident are vague and, at times, conflicting, especially as the story has been spun, misreported, and made more dramatic in the fifty years since the incident. See “DHS Student Is Injured Seriously in Car Crash,” Modesto Bee and News-Herald, June 13, 1962; Pollock, Skywalking, xiii–xvi; and Baxter, George Lucas, 38; as well as a seriously retconned version of events in Mark Cotta Vaz and Shinji Hata, From Star Wars to Indiana Jones: The Best of the Lucasfilm Archives (San Francisco: Chronicle, 1994).
Chapter 2: Geeks and Nerds
1. Creating an Empire.
2. Pollock, Skywalking, xv.
3. Creating an Empire.
4. Williams, “Inside George Lucas.”
5. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
6. Creating an Empire.
7. COGL, 13.
8. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 187.
9. Ibid.
10. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
11. Williams, “Inside George Lucas.”
12. Pollock, Skywalking, 34–35.
13. Creating an Empire.
14. COGL, 13.
15. George Lucas interviewed on CBS This Morning, July 2013.
16. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 188.
17. COGL, 14; “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
18. COGL, 14.
19. Heseltine, “The Real American Graffiti Artist.”
20. Michael Rubin, Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution (Gainesville: Triad, 2006), 8.
21. “An AFI Interview with Haskell Wexler,” AFI, September 18, 2010, available at https://site.douban.com/106789/widget/notes/127384/note/91565727.
22. Williams, “Inside George Lucas.”
23. COGL, 16.
24. See USC School of Cinematic Arts documentary, 2009, available at http://cinema.usc.edu/about/history/index.cfm.
25. Pollock, Skywalking, 43.
26. George Lucas: Maker of Films, television documentary, KCET, 1971.
27. Susan King, “Remastered Classic: Now That’s a Birthday Gift,” Los Angeles Times, March 27, 2009.
28. “A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope,” THX 1138: The George Lucas Director’s Cut, special ed. DVD, Warner Home Video, 2004.
29. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
30. Ibid.; Kline, GL Interviews, 35.
31. Terence M. Green, “USC Cinema-Television School Has Close-Knit Ambiance of Mini-Studio: Facility Is Replacement for Old Bungalows,” Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1985.
32. “A Legacy of Filmmakers.”
33. Kline, GL Interviews, 35.
34. “A Legacy of Filmmakers.”
35. Green, “USC Cinema-Television School.”
36. Pollock, Skywalking, 50.
37. Creating an Empire.
38. COGL, 16.
39. Pollock, Skywalking, 49.
40. “A Legacy of Filmmakers.”
41. Trevor Hogg, “Assembly Required: A Walter Murch Profile,” Flickering Myth website, July 21, 2010, http://www.flickeringmyth.com/2010/07/assembly-required-walter-murch-profile.html.
42. COGL, 16.
43. Kline, GL Interviews, 35.
44. Baxter, George Lucas, 49.
45. Ibid., 50.
46. Creating an Empire.
47. COGL, 16.
48. “A Legacy of Filmmakers.”
49. Ibid.
50. COGL, 16.
51. “GL: A Life Making Movies.”
52. Ibid.
53. COGL, 17–18.
54. COGL, 18.
55. Rubin, Droidmaker, 11.
56. Creating an Empire.
57. Pollock, Skywalking, 56.
58. Creating an Empire.
59. Baxter, George Lucas, 57.
60. Pollock, Skywalking, 50.
61. Creating an Empire. Years later, Lucas would deny that it was “star troopers” he was drawing, saying that it was probably cars instead.
62. Pollock, Skywalking, 47.
63. Biskind, Easy Riders, 317–18.
64. COGL, 16, 18.
65. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 188.
66. Creating an Empire.
67. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 186.
68. Pollock, Skywalking, 57.
69. “Lucas, Coppola, and Kurosawa,” Kagemusha: The Criterion Collection, DVD, Criterion Studio, 2009.
70. Ibid.
71. COGL, 21.
72. Pollock, Skywalking, 51.
73. See “Writer-Director Paul Golding on Giving Pulse Life,” Video Junkie website, May 10, 2014, http://originalvidjunkie.blogspot.com/2014/05/writer-director-paul-golding-on-giving.html?zx=4c515a2976ba414c.
74. Creating an Empire.
75. Flying Solo.
76. COGL, 19.
77. Don Glut, I Was a Teenage Movie Maker (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2007), 166.
78. COGL, 20.
79. Pollock, Skywalking, 44.
80. COGL, 19.
81. Baxter, George Lucas, 62.
82. William Keck, “USC Grads Honor Film School; Lucas, Zemeckis, Ferrell Reminisce,” USA Today, September 28, 2004.
83. COGL, 20.
84. Baxter, George Lucas, 61.
85. COGL, 20.
86. Pollock, Skywalking, 57.
87. COGL, 20.
88. Glut, I Was a Teenage Movie Maker, 158.
89. Stuart Silverstein, “Lucas Seeks to Produce Respect for Filmmaking: ‘Star Wars’ Creator Speaks at a Ceremony at USC Honoring the $175 Million He Has Pledged to Its Film School,” Los Angeles Times, October 5, 2006.
90. Barry Koltnow, “End of the Beginning: A Contented George Lucas Looks Back at the Six Parts of His ‘Star Wars’ Film Epic,” Orange County Register, May 15, 2005.
91. Baxter, George Lucas, 55–56.
92. Pollock, Skywalking, 56, 59–60.
93. COGL, 22.
94. COGL, 22.
Chapter 3: The Right Horse
1. Baxter, George Lucas, 71.
2. Gerald Peary, interview with Verna Fields, The Real Paper (Boston), October 23, 1980.
3. Kline, GL Interviews, 5.
4. Ibid.
5. Creating an Empire.
6. Pollock, Skywalking, 65, 61.
7. Ibid., 63.
8. Ibid., 64.
9. Ibid., 62.
10. COGL, 22.
11. COGL, 21–22.
12. COGL, 23.
13. Pollock, Skywalking, 67.
14. Ibid., 47.
15. Steve Silberman, “Life after Darth,” Wired, May 2005.
16. Karina Longworth, Masters of Cinema: George Lucas (New York: Phaidon, 2012), 11.
17. Silberman, “Life after Darth.”
18. Pollock, Skywalking, 47.
19. Kline, GL Interviews, 6.
20. COGL, 20.
21. Sheerly Avni, Cinema by the Bay (Nicasio, Calif.: George Lucas Books, 2006), 36.
22. COGL, 24.
23. Hogg, “Assembly Required.”
24. Pollock, Skywalking, 46.
25. Ibid., 63.
26. Ibid., 62, 63, 66.
27. Baxter, George Lucas, 70.
28. Pollock, Skywalking, 65.
29. Paul Golding, author interview, November 1, 2014.
30.
COGL, 25.
31. Pollock, Skywalking, 58.
32. Justin Bozung, “Watch the Amazing George Lucas Film The Emperor and Read about How It Was Made,” TV Store Online, April 1, 2014, http://blog.tvstoreonline.com/2014/04/watch-george-lucas-brilliant-student.html.
33. Ibid.
34. COGL, 25.
35. Bozung, “Watch the Amazing George Lucas.”
36. Ibid.
37. Ken Plume, “An Interview with John Milius, IGN website, May 7, 2003, http://www.ign.com/articles/2003/05/07/an-interview-with-john-milius.
38. Bozung, “Watch the Amazing George Lucas.”
39. Pollock, Skywalking, 66, 65.
40. Ibid., 68.
41. Flying Solo.
42. COGL, 17–18.
43. Pollock, Skywalking, 59.
44. Ibid., 70.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. COGL, 26, 27.
48. COGL, 27.
49. COGL, 27.
50. Charles Champlin, George Lucas: The Creative Impulse: Lucasfilm’s First Twenty Years (New York: Abrams), 9.
Chapter 4: Radicals and Hippies
1. George Lucas on Working with Francis Ford Coppola, American Film Institute video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNcdS8L9pcA.
2. Creating an Empire.
3. Peter Cowie, Coppola: A Biography, rev. ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1994), 15.
4. Biskind, Easy Riders, 149.
5. Cowie, Coppola, 20, 22.
6. Biskind, Easy Riders, 36.
7. Creating an Empire.
8. Biskind, Easy Riders, 37.
9. Lester D. Friedman and Brent Notbohm, eds., Steven Spielberg: Interviews (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010), 38.
10. Creating an Empire.
11. COGL, 27.
12. COGL, 27.
13. Creating an Empire.
14. Ibid.
15. Quick review, Finian’s Rainbow, DVD Journal, http://www.dvdjournal.com/quickreviews/f/finiansrainbow.q.shtml.
16. Lucas on Working with Coppola.
17. “Show Beat,” Danville Register (Va.), July 30, 1967.
18. Flying Solo.
19. Baxter, George Lucas, 84.
20. Flying Solo.
21. Lucas on Working with Coppola.
22. COGL, 28.
23. Lucas on Working with Coppola.
24. Audie Bock, “Zoetrope and Apocalypse Now,” American Film, September 1979.
25. Pollock, Skywalking, 68.
26. Thomas Kevin, “‘A’ Grades for Film Festival Students,” Los Angeles Times, January 22, 1968.
27. Charles Champlin, “US Student Film Series Will Open at Fairfax,” Los Angeles Times, February 21, 1968.
28. J. W. Rinzler and Laurent Bouzereau, The Making of Indiana Jones: The Definitive Story Behind All Four Films (New York: Del Rey, 2008), 12 (hereafter MOIJ).
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