56. “General Mills Wins Battle to Make ‘Star Wars’ Toys,” Wall Street Journal, June 8, 1977.
57. D. Martin Myatt, “An Interview with Bernard Loomis,” Rebelscum.com, http://www.rebelscum.com/loomis.asp.
58. Pamela G. Hollie, “Santa Brings I.O.U’s for ‘Star Wars’ Toys,” New York Times, December 15, 1977.
59. “Caught Short on Production: Star Wars Toys Lost in Time Warp,” Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1977.
60. Pam Luecke, “‘Star Wars’ Toys Top Market, but ‘Force’ Needed to Find Them,” Hartford Courant, December 21, 1977.
61. William K. Knoedelseder Jr., “Stairway to the ‘Star Wars,’” Los Angeles Times, July 4, 1977.
62. MOSW, 224.
63. Bill Knoedelseder, “Merchandise Galaxy,” Los Angeles Times, July 4, 1977.
64. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 198.
65. Robert Lindsey, “The New New Wave of Film Makers,” New York Times, May 28, 1978.
66. Biskind, Easy Riders, 344.
67. Ibid.
68. “Coming December 27: English Barmy for ‘Star Wars,’” Los Angeles Times, November 18, 1977.
69. See David Sterrit, “‘Star Wars’ Creating Worldwide Heroes,’ Christian Science Monitor, December 14, 1977.
70. Kevin Klose, “‘Star Wars’ in Moscow,” Washington Post, November 22, 1977.
71. The ad appeared in Variety, December 2, 1977.
72. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
73. Robert Kerwin, “Technical Wizardry Wins the ‘Star Wars,’” Chicago Tribune, June 19, 1977.
74. See Earl C. Gottschalk, “‘Star Wars’ Sequels Waiting in the Wings,” Pocono Record (Stroudsburg, Pa.), July 21, 1977.
75. MOESB, 12.
76. MOESB, 20.
77. MOESB, 22.
78. MOESB, 32.
79. MOESB, 21.
80. MOESB, 32.
81. MOIJ, 23.
82. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
83. MOESB, 36.
84. Ibid.
85. “The Star Wars Phenomenon.”
86. MOESB, 39
87. MOESB, 40.
88. MOESB, 43.
89. MOIJ, 25.
90. Pollock, Skywalking, 207.
91. MOSW, 249.
92. MOESB, 54.
93. Pollock, Skywalking, 187.
94. Ibid., 191.
95. Ben Bova, “Letters,” Time, June 20, 1977.
96. MOSW, 306.
97. Robert Lindsey, “The New Wave of Filmmakers,” New York Times, May 28, 1978.
98. Robert Lindsey, “The ‘New-Boy’ Network Strikes Hollywood,” Chicago Tribune, July 2, 1978.
99. Pollock, Skywalking, 197.
100. Biskind, Easy Riders, 340.
101. Baxter, George Lucas, 251.
102. Pollock, Skywalking, 200.
103. Stevens, Conversations with the Great Moviemakers, 321.
104. Biskind, Easy Riders, 340.
105. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
106. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
107. Stevens, Conversations with the Great Moviemakers, 315.
108. COGL, 125.
109. MOESB, 64.
110. MOESB, 22.
111. Frank DiGiacomo, “The Han Solo Comedy Hour!” Vanity Fair, December 2008.
112. Ibid.
113. Empire of Dreams.
114. Pollock, Skywalking, 208.
115. Champlin, George Lucas, 64.
Chapter 9: Darkening Skies
1. Baxter, George Lucas, 279.
2. COGL, 129.
3. Gary Arnold, “American Graffiti II: The Whole Gang’s Made Good,” Washington Post, May 27, 1978.
4. Gregg Kilday, “Lucasfilm Drafts Flicker for ‘Murders,’” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1978.
5. Baxter, George Lucas, 279.
6. Champlin, George Lucas, 59.
7. Baxter, George Lucas, 261.
8. COGL, 129.
9. Champlin, George Lucas, 60.
10. Gary Arnold, “‘More American Graffiti’: Not Necessarily,” Washington Post, August 3, 1979.
11. Janet Maslin, “Screen: ‘More American Graffiti’ Covers ’64 to ’67,” New York Times, August 17, 1979.
12. COGL, 129.
13. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 178.
14. MOESB, 219–23.
15. Baxter, George Lucas, 271.
16. Scanlon, “The Wizard of Star Wars.”
17. David Lewin, “Can the Makers of Star Wars Do It Again?” New York Times, December 2, 1979.
18. MOESB, 131, 132.
19. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 162.
20. Ibid., 179.
21. To read the transcript of this fascinating conversation, see Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 136–40.
22. Baxter, George Lucas, 274.
23. Chris Gore, “Gary Kurtz Interview: The Original Star Wars Producer Speaks,” FilmThreat.com, March 5, 2000, transcribed at http://nightly.net/topic/1248-excerpts-from-gary-kurtz-interview.
24. MOESB, 206.
25. COGL, 127.
26. MOESB, 206.
27. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 176.
28. COGL, 125.
29. MOESB, 236.
30. “In Confidence: An Interview with Frank Oz,” 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BN-l4r2eIA.
31. MOESB, 308.
32. Ryder Windham, Daniel Wallace, and Pablo Hidalgo, Star Wars Year by Year: A Visual Chronicle (New York: DK Publishing, 2012), 119.
33. Karen Paik, To Infinity and Beyond! The Story of Pixar Animation Studios (San Francisco: Chronicle, 2007), 19.
34. Gerald Clark, “The Empire Strikes Back!,” Time, May 19, 1980.
35. Hugh Sidey, “The Presidency: To Dare Mighty Things,” Time, June 9, 1980.
36. Janet Maslin, “Film: Robots Return in ‘Empire Strikes,’” New York Times, May 21, 1980.
37. Vincent Canby, “‘The Empire Strikes Back’ Strikes a Bland Note,” New York Times, June 15, 1980.
38. Taylor, “‘Star Wars’ Producer Blasts Star Wars Myths.”
39. Judith Martin, “The Empire Strikes Back,” Washington Post, May 23, 1980.
40. MOESB, 314.
41. O’Quinn, “The George Lucas Saga.”
42. MOIJ, 28.
43. MOIJ, 36.
44. MOIJ, 26.
45. COGL, 133–34.
46. MOIJ, 33.
47. Champlin, George Lucas, 80.
48. MOIJ, 16.
49. MOIJ, 71.
50. MOIJ, 23.
51. There was also a debate over whether having the title “Lucasfilm” at the opening of the film constituted the producer inserting his name before the director’s, another violation of guild policy.
52. Aljean Harmetz, “Burden of Dreams: George Lucas,” American Film, June 1983.
53. MOIJ, 54.
54. MOIJ, 112.
55. MOIJ, 115.
56. MOIJ, 124.
57. MOIJ, 116.
58. Aljean Harmetz, “Lucas Gives $5 Million to U.S.C. Cinema,” New York Times, November 20, 1980.
59. Diana Waggoner, “In Homage to the Master, George Lucas and Francis Coppola Unleash Their Clout for Kurosawa,” People, October 27, 1980.
60. Champlin, George Lucas, 76.
61. Ibid., 88.
62. Ibid., 90.
63. Arnold, Once Upon a Galaxy, 208.
64. J. W. Rinzler, The Making of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (New York: Ballantine, 2013), 19 (hereafter MOROTJ).
65. MOESB, 250.
66. MOROTJ, 19.
67. Richard Corliss, “Cinema: The New Hollywood: Dead or Alive?” Time, March 30, 1981.
68. Biskind, Easy Riders, 417.
69. Champlin, George Lucas, 83.
70. Aljean Harmetz, “But Can Hollywood Live Without George Lucas?” New York Times, July 13, 1981.
71. MOROTJ, 5.
72. MOROTJ, 4
73. MOROTJ, 5.
; 74. David A. Price, The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company (New York: Vintage, 2009), 41.
75. MOROTJ, 118.
76. Geoffrey Boucher, “Did ‘Star Wars’ Become a Toy Story? Producer Gary Kurtz Looks Back,” Los Angeles Times, August 12, 2010.
77. Taylor, “Star Wars Producer Blasts Star Wars Myths.”
78. Boucher, “Did ‘Star Wars’ Become a Toy Story?”
79. Geoffrey Boucher, “‘Star Wars’ Sequel: Harrison Ford Open to Idea of Han Solo Role,” Entertainment Weekly, November 5, 2012.
80. Boucher, “Did ‘Star Wars’ Become a Toy Story?”
81. MOROTJ, 11.
82. Taylor, “Star Wars Producer Blasts Star Wars Myths.”
83. Boucher, “Did ‘Star Wars’ Become a Toy Story?”
84. Gore, “Gary Kurtz Interview.”
85. MOROTJ, 9.
86. MOESB, 207.
87. MOROTJ, 42.
88. MOROTJ, 36.
89. Jon Phillip Peecher, ed., The Making of The Return of the Jedi (New York: Ballantine, 1983), 69.
90. MOROTJ, 46.
91. MOROTJ, 46.
92. MOROTJ, 16, 59.
93. MOROTJ, 64.
94. For a longer excerpt of the Jedi story conference, see MOROTJ, 62–77.
95. MOROTJ, 65.
96. Gerald Clarke, “Great Galloping Galaxies!” Time, May 23, 1983.
97. MOROTJ, 133.
98. MOROTJ, 115.
99. Vincent Canby, “Movie Review: ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark,’” New York Times, June 12, 1981.
100. Richard Schickel, “Cinema: Slam! Bang! A Movie Movie,” Time, June 15, 1981.
101. Roger Ebert, “Movie Review: ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark,’” rogerebert.com.
102. Pauline Kael, “Whipped,” The New Yorker, June 15, 1981.
103. Schickel, “Cinema: Slam! Bang! A Movie Movie.”
104. Ebert, “Movie Review: ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark.’”
105. MOIJ, 126.
106. “George Lucas” segment, 60 Minutes, CBS, March 25, 1999.
107. MOROTJ, 151.
108. Peecher, Making of The Return of the Jedi, 38.
109. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
110. MOROTJ, 120.
111. Baxter, George Lucas, 332.
112. MOROTJ, 153.
113. COGL, 140.
114. MOROTJ, 152.
115. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
116. MOROTJ, 44, 138.
117. MOROTJ, 191.
118. MOROTJ, 201.
119. MOROTJ, 233.
120. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
121. Jenkins, Empire Building, 254.
122. Biskind, Easy Riders, 422.
123. Mitch Tuchman and Anne Thompson, “Lucas, Spielberg, and ‘Raiders,’” Film Comment, July–August 1981.
124. Baxter, George Lucas, 333.
125. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
126. Jenkins, Empire Building, 253.
127. MOROTJ, 238
128. Biskind, Easy Riders, 422.
129. MOROTJ, 259.
130. MOROTJ, 233.
131. MOROTJ, 259, 260.
132. MOROTJ, 261.
133. MOROTJ, 264.
134. MOIJ, 130.
135. An investigation found that under-the-table payments had been made to skirt the laws on working with underage performers. All were acquitted or paid fines.
136. Baxter, George Lucas, 336–37.
137. Champlin, George Lucas, 100.
138. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
139. MOROTJ, 322.
140. Gary Arnold, “Return of the Jedi: Both Magical and Monstrous, the Star Wars Finale Is a Triumph,” Washington Post, May 22, 1983.
141. Clarke, “Great Galloping Galaxies!”
142. Champlin, George Lucas, 96.
143. See Nightline, ABC, undated clip from 1983, archived at http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/critics-spar-over-star-wars-trilogy-on-1983-nightline-episode-18344732.
144. Scanlon, “George Lucas Wants to Play Guitar.”
145. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
146. Rubin, Droidmaker, 317.
147. “George Lucas Getting a Divorce,” Baltimore Sun, June 16, 1983.
148. “George Lucas” segment, 60 Minutes, March 25, 1999.
149. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
150. Clarke, “Great Galloping Galaxies!”
Chapter 10: Empty Flash
1. Beth Ashley, “Success Took Toll on Lucas, but Studio Still Thrived,” San Bernardino County Sun, October 6, 1985.
2. Aljean Harmetz, “‘Star Wars’ Is 10, and Lucas Reflects,” New York Times, May 21, 1987.
3. McBride, Steven Spielberg, 355.
4. Bryan Curtis, “Temple of Gloom,” Grantland, August 21, 2012.
5. Harmetz, “‘Star Wars’ Is 10, and Lucas Reflects.”
6. Biskind, Easy Riders, 423.
7. Ibid.
8. The notable exceptions are the volumes in J. R. Rinzler’s Making of Star Wars series, which, while sanctioned by Lucasfilm, struggle mightily, and for the most part successfully, to ensure that Marcia receives credit for her contributions to Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and Return of the Jedi.
9. Biskind, Easy Riders, 423.
10. Aljean Harmetz, “Filming a Japanese Writer’s Dramatic Life and Death,” New York Times, December 30, 1984.
11. Gene Siskel, “And After 10 Years, Lucas Is Taking Break,” Chicago Tribune, May 15, 1984.
12. Dale Pollock, “George Lucas Comes Back to Earth,” Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1983.
13. MOIJ, 168.
14. Rob Smith, Rogue Leaders: The Story of LucasArts (New York: Chronicle, 2008), 12.
15. Steve Bloom, “The Empire Strikes Paydirt: Lucasfilm: How They Created the Incredible Ballblazer and Rescue on Fractalus,” Computer Games, 1984.
16. Smith, Rogue Leaders, 25.
17. MOROTJ, 306.
18. “George Lucas on the THX Sound System,” American Film Institute, November 20, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RxI7Dqq1b8.
19. Hans Fantel, “In the Action with ‘Star Wars’ Sound,” New York Times, May 3, 1992.
20. “George Lucas on the THX Sound System.”
21. Rubin, Droidmaker, 317.
22. Pollock, “George Lucas Comes Back to Earth.”
23. See Jon D. Hull, “Linda Ronstadt: New Album, New Look,” San Francisco, April 1984.
24. “What’s New with Linda Ronstadt? She’s Singing Her Love Songs to Star Wars Czar George Lucas,” People, March 26, 1984.
25. Clarke, “I’ve Got to Get My Life Back Again.”
26. Rubin, Droidmaker, 335.
27. Letter to Maury Stompe, PEP Housing, from Jeremy Tejirian, Planning Manager, Marin County, June 23, 2015.
28. Michael Cieply, “Turning Point: George Lucas Moves to Produce TV Shows, Movies in Volume,” Wall Street Journal, January 22, 1986.
29. MOIJ, 181.
30. Anita Kempley, “‘Indiana Jones’: No Fun on the Killing Ground,” Washington Post, May 25, 1984.
31. MOIJ, 182.
32. Curtis, “Temple of Gloom.”
33. Rubin, Droidmaker, 241.
34. Ibid., 241, 278.
35. Ibid., 338.
36. Ibid., 373.
37. Price, The Pixar Touch, 59.
38. John Korty, author interview.
39. Owen Williams, “Endor’s Game: The Story of the Ewok Spinoff,” Empire, September 2015.
40. Frank Megarelli, “PTS Presents Director’s Chair with the Wheat Brothers,” podcast, October 19, 2015.
41. Craig Hunter Ross, “Exclusive Interview: The Police’s Stewart Copeland,” On Tour Monthly, April 2014.
42. Harmetz, “But Can Hollywood Live without George Lucas?”
43. Rubin, Droidmaker, 394.
44. Ibid., 391–9
2.
45. Ibid., 395.
46. Cieply, “Turning Point.”
47. Aljean Harmetz, “A Pained Lucas Ponders Attacks on ‘Willow,’” New York Times, June 9, 1988.
48. Rubin, Droidmaker, 396.
49. Ibid., 261.
50. Ibid., 391.
51. Ibid., 336.
52. Ibid., 394, 398.
53. Rubin, Droidmaker, 410.
54. It chafes Alvy Ray Smith to this day that Jobs is generally perceived as having “bought” Pixar from Lucas. “The implication of ‘buy’ is to ‘own and run,’” Smith says. “The implication of ‘invest’ is to own an interest in and let managers (ultimately responsible to the board) run [the company]. Pixar was of the second type. Use of the term ‘buy’ is a marketing ploy to make it seem that Steve was the single inspired genius who had all the ideas of Pixar and made it work. That’s not how it worked. Not even close.” While ownership of Pixar was initially split 70–30 between Jobs and Pixar employees, by 1994 Jobs would own the company outright. See “Pixar Myth No. 1: Steve Jobs Bought Pixar from Lucasfilm,” http://alvyray.com/Pixar/PixarMyth1.htm.
55. Lisa Vincenzi, “A Short Time Ago, on a Ranch Not So Far Away…,” Millimeter, April 1990.
56. Denise Abbott, “George Lucas: His First Love Is Editing,” American Cinemeditor, Spring 1991.
57. Charles Champlin, “The Last Maverick: Inside George Lucas’s Empire,” Los Angeles Times, May 15, 1988.
58. COGL, 147.
59. Kline, GL Interviews, 93.
60. Champlin, “The Last Maverick.”
61. Beth Ashley, “George Lucas Is Ready to Roll Again with Films,” San Bernardino County Sun, October 6, 1985.
62. Champlin, “The Last Maverick,” 117.
63. Deirdre English, “A Conversation about rhe Movies: Dinner with Luddy,” Mother Jones, December 1984.
64. Aljean Harmetz, “After 46 Years, Hollywood Revisits Oz,” New York Times, June 16, 1985.
65. Champlin, “The Last Maverick,” 112.
66. “Judge Asked to Bar ‘Star Wars’ in TV Ads,” Logansport Pharos-Tribune (Ind.), November 26, 1985.
67. See opinion Lucasfilm Ltd. v. High Frontier, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, November 26, 1985.
68. See Chuck Philips, “Campbell Pays $300,000 in Skywalker Settlement,” Los Angeles Times, September 26, 1990.
69. Matt Giles, “Why George Lucas Once Sued 2 Live Crew Front Man Luther Campbell,” Vulture.com, January 3, 2016.
70. Ashley, “George Lucas Is Ready to Roll Again with Films.”
71. Clouzot, “The Morning of the Magician.”
72. Cieply, “Turning Point.”
73. Richard Zoglin, “Cinema: Lights! Camera! Special Effects!” Time, June 16, 1986.
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