globalizing capitalism, 224
global leadership, 2–3
GMFUS. See German Marshall Fund of the United States
Gordon, Philip, 242
Gospel of Wealth (A. Carnegie), 44
government: Allende, 203–6; Anglo-Saxons exporting, 62–63; Pinochet, 192; trustees and associations of, 51–52, 54–55; trustees service in, 48–49; West German’s grant for, 335n86; YIIS usefulness to, 70
graduate school professors, 203
graduation programs, 167–68
Grameen Bank, 330n21
Gramsci, Antonio: dominant class power and, 16; intellectuals role from, 10–11; parastates similar to, 20; state-society relations and, 22–23
Gray, Asa, 60
Green, Reginald H., 178
Green, T. H., 60
Green revolution, 263
Groom, A. J. R., 71, 76
Grossman, Marc, 239
growth with equity approach, 217
Grunwald, Joseph, 198, 200–201
Guevara, Che, 182
Haas, Peter, 21
Haass, Richard, 246
habitus, 8–9
Hagel, Charles, 245, 250
Halperin, Morton, 334n81
Hamburg, David, 235
Hansen, Lyle, 174
Harberger, Arnold, 180, 194–95
Harlan, Louis, 62
Harris, John, 240
Harris, Michael, 141–42
Harrod, Roy, 200
Harvard Center endowment, 333n69
Harvard Seminar, 105–8, 121–22
Harvard University, 103–4, 234–38
Hawgood, John A., 296n83
Hawley, Ellis, 18
Heale, Michael, 295n79
Healey, Denis, 119–20
Healey, Thomas J., 57
healthy international environment, 290n3
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 155
hegemony: Big 3 Foundations influence on, 264–65; Big 3 Foundations promoting, 28; elite strategies seeking, 98; foundations promoting, 2, 65, 178–79; social and political forces in, 8
Heinz, Howard, 50
Helms, Richard, 319n21
Henderson, Vivian Wilson, 55
Herman, Sondra, 63
Hicks, John, 200
Hiss, Alger, 49
Hitchens, Christopher, 289n182
Hodgson, Godfrey, 17–18
Hoffman, Paul, 105, 127
Hofstadter, Richard, 35, 112
Hogan, Michael, 18
Homestead strike/lockout, 37
Horowitz, David, 42
Houghton, Alanson B., 50
Howard, Craig, 168
Howard, John, 137, 140, 159, 306n101
Howard University, 158, 161, 310n33
Hudson Institute, 226
Hull, Cordell, 88, 299n2
human assets, 212–19
human capital development, 195–96
human rights, 212–19
human welfare, 273n17
Huntington, Samuel, 4
IBM. See International Business Machines
ICA/USAID, 194
ideologies, 101–2, 197
Ikenberry, G. John, 92, 237, 240, 242
IMF. See International Monetary Fund
imperialism, 66, 211
impoverishment, 329n6
income distribution programs, 209
independent research center, 209–10
Indonesia, 132; communism studied in, 304n60; communist leader list supplied to, 307n120; economic crisis faced in, 146; field research on, 133–34; Ford Foundation’s role in, 126, 136, 147–48; political and economic change in, 142–43; Ransom’s claims about Ford’s ambitions in, 136–37, 139–42; resources of, 300n9; Suharto accession to power in, 142–47; U.S. integration of, 125. See also Southeast Asia
industrial society, 273n18
Information City, The (Castells), 8
INSP. See International Network for Strategic
Philanthropy Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), 85
institutes-of-international-affairs movement, 93
intellectuals: knowledge networks employing, 9–10, 12–13; modern societies role of, 9; organic, 23, 194; societal class organization role of, 10–11; state, 79
interconnected strategic unit, 299n4
internal liberalism, 215
international associations, 93–94
International Business Machines (IBM), 51
International Cooperation Administration, 308n1
internationalism, 73
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 93, 185
international network-building initiatives, 91–95
International Network for Strategic Philanthropy (INSP), 225, 227
international organizations, 92 International Security, 235–36
International Studies Conference (ISC), 95
International Training and Research (ITR), 129–30, 159
interventionism, 80–82, 91, 278n6
investigating committee, 106
investment strategy, 253
IPR. See Institute of Pacific Relations
Iraq War, 238, 241, 242
ISC. See International Studies Conference
Islamic societies: area studies of, 222; CC funding initiative of, 254; CC researching, 252–53; fundamentalism, 329n3; RF researching, 252; understanding, 251–54
Islamofascism, 222
isolationism, 29, 75, 98; foundations marginalizing, 256–57; interventionist debates with, 82
ITR. See International Training and Research
James, William, 60
Jenkins, Roy, 119
Jentleson, B. W., 237
Jessup, Philip C., 52, 90
Jones, Howard P., 145
Josephson, Matthew, 37
Judt, Tony, 246
Kadane, Kathy, 307n120
Kagan, Robert, 241, 246
Kahin, George M., 125, 131–33, 144, 300n15, 302n37
Kahler, Miles, 231
Kantianism, 238
Karl, Barry, 9, 25, 89, 126, 148
Kast, Miguel, 205
Katz, Stanley N., 9, 25, 89, 126, 148
Kazin, Alfred, 112
Kean, Thomas H., 57
Kennan, George, 97, 242, 244, 250, 292n34
Kennedy, Craig, 240–41, 336n102
Kennedy, Paul, 36
Kennedy administration, 173
Keohane, Robert, 4, 5
Keppel, Frederick, 84, 87
Keynes, John Maynard, 200
Kidner, Frank L., 304n63
Kilson, Martin, 313n62
Kindleberger, Charles P., 106
King, William L. MacKenzie, 39
Kintoul, David, 113
Kirk, Grayson, 73, 282n72
Kissinger, Henry, 100, 103–5, 244, 245, 293n36, 293n39
Kluckohn, Clyde, 129
knowledge networks: American foundations strengthening, 227–28; elite power, 142–43; Ford Foundation preservation of, 212; foundations forming, 11, 257, 259–60; hegemonic social and political forces from, 8; intellectuals employed by, 9–10, 12–13
Krasner, Stephen, 246
Krauthammer, Charles, 246
Kristol, William, 246, 336n115
Kruzel, Joseph, 233
labor, exploitation of, 36
Lagos, Ricardo, 204, 214–15, 217–18, 327n158
Lake, Tony, 233, 237
Lambo, Tom, 173
Langer, Paul, 132, 135
Langer, William L., 129
LASA. See Latin American Studies Association
Laski, Harold, 61, 262, 276n91
Lasswell, Harold, 72, 282n78
Latham, Earl, 106
Latin America, 319n28; Cantril studying public opinion of, 80; CC’s research funding in, 186–87; communist subversion prevention in, 184; Ford Foundation investment in, 187; organic intellectual elite in, 194; social sciences support in, 187–88, 214–15; structuralism attachment of, 181; U.S. developing studies of, 185–89; U.S. intervention in, 183–85; U.S. policy
toward, 279n21
Latin American Social Science Council, 12
Latin American Studies Association (LASA), 185, 187
Lattimore, Owen, 85, 285n125
Layman’s Guide to Naval Strategy (Brodie), 76
Lazarfeld, Paul, 282n78
League of Nations, 67, 94–95
Leat, Diana, 5
Lee, Ivy, 38, 43
LeMelle, Wilbert J., 160
Leonard, Mark, 239
Leontief, Wassily, 200
Levy, Jack, 230
Lewis, W. Arthur, 120
liberal-imperial project, 251
liberal internationalist foundation-funded networks, 257–58
liberal peace, 231–32
liberal values, 237
Liberty under Law, 249
Liebenow, Gus, 162
Lincoln, Abraham, 63
Lippmann, Walter, 60
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 119
Locke, James, 202
Ludlow killings, 38
Lynd, Robert, 90–91, 261
Lynd Proposal, 90, 287n159
Lystad, Robert, 162
MacArthur Foundation, 332n48
MacLeish, Archibald, 75
Major, John, 239–40
Makers of Modern Strategy, The (Earle), 75, 76
Makins, Christopher, 240
Malaya, 300n9
Maliniak, 235
Managing Indonesia (Bresnan), 125
Manitzas, Nita, 210, 213, 216
mankind, welfare of, 40–41
Mann, Michael, 16
Mansfield, E. D., 234, 236–37
Markel, Lester, 82, 284n100
market economy, 318n6
market reforms, 226–27
Marshall, John, 81
Marshall Plan, 151
Martinez, Fernando, 208
Marx, Karl, 23, 271n63
Marxism, 197
Mason, Edward, 174
Massad, Carlos, 200–202
Mayobre, Jose A., 198
McCarthyite campaign, 85, 103, 106, 160–61, 290n6
McCloy, John J., 55, 56, 105, 119
McCormick, Thomas, 19
McCoy, Frank, 83
McDowell, Tremaine, 291n17
McFaul, Michael, 242
McKay, Vernon, 156, 162–63
McKinley, William, 35
McLoughlin, William G., 60
McNamara, Robert S., 54, 57
Mead, Walter Russell, 240
MEAFP. See Middle East and Africa Fellowship Program
Mearsheimer, John, 246
Meller, Patricio, 217
membership, of FPA, 284n104
Mendez, Juan Carlos, 206
microfinance, 227
Middle East and Africa Fellowship Program (MEAFP), 167
military coup, 181–82; Ford Foundation influenced by, 210–11, 214–15; of September 11, 1973, 205–8
military elite, 143–44
military forces, 318n10
military junta, 205–6
military studies, 75–76
Miller, Francis P., 89, 145–46
Mills, C. Wright, 4, 189, 261
mineral resources, 124
Minter, William, 55
MIP. See Modern Indonesia Project
missionary conferences, 112
Modern Indonesia Project (MIP), 130–35
modernization theory: Nigeria testing of, 149–50; postwar, 337n132; Rostowian, 213–14; Western capital and, 301n18
modern state, powers of, 16
Modern War—Its Social and Economic Aspects, 75
Mohammed, Mahathir, 107
Molyneaux, Peter, 52
Monroe Doctrine, 36, 183
Montreal, 164–69
Morgan, J. P., 35, 45
Morley, M., 185
Moscow Agreement, 282n70
Moslem youth, 307n122
Mossadegh, Mohammed, 56, 303n39
Mujica, Rodrigo, 205
MumbaiResistance, 228
Munoz, Oscar, 209
Murphy, Craig, 91
Murphy, E. J., 170
Mussolini, Benito, 61
Nafziger, Wayne, 177
Nakasone, Yasuhiro, 107
National Academy of Science (NAS), 161–62
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 199
National Defense Education Act (NDEA), 186
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), 231
nationalism, 71
nationalist youth, 307n122
national security: Cold War and, 221–22; DPT unifying liberal values with, 237; Earle and, 73–74; foreign policy and, 73; overseas intervention in, 73–74; practical knowledge enhancing, 278n17; of U.S., 247–51
nation building, 253
native scholar-power, 99, 121
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Navy, U.S., 72
Nazism, 90, 183–84
NBC radio network, 84
NBER. See National Bureau of Economic Research
NDEA. See National Defense Education Act
NED. See National Endowment for Democracy
neoclassical economics, 200–201
neoconservative orientations, 248–49
neo-Gramscian perspective, 16, 18–19, 22–25, 126–27
neoliberal agricultural economists, 207
neoliberal economic policies, 258
neoliberal experimentation, 193–94, 219–20
neoliberal globalization, 15, 226, 229
network development, 13–14
Nevins, Allan, 41
new order, 21–22
Nicholas, Herbert, 113
Nielsen, Waldemar, 55
Nigeria: African studies programs in, 169–78;
American foundations exacerbating ethnic tensions in, 177–78; American foundation’s plans for, 170; British missionaries giving education in, 309n9; British policies in, 315n103; economic class interests influence in, 176–77; economic planners training from, 317n131; Economic Planning Unit in, 176; education’s role in, 317n132; modernization theory tested in, 149–50; political elites in, 177; Stolper’s economic plan for, 174–76; Western funding of, 179
Nitze, Paul, 299n8
Nixon, Richard, 152–53, 211, 319n21
Nkrumah, Kwame, 161
Non-Aligned Movement, 125, 299n5
North, Robert, 129
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 120
NSC-68, 299n8
nuclear disarmament, unilateral, 119
Nye, Joseph, 4, 313n62
Obama, Barack, 230, 251, 263, 339n9
Office of Public Opinion Research, 79–80
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 51
Office of War Information (OWI), 51
oligarchic tendencies, 58
Olson, William C., 71, 72, 76
Open Society Institute, 238
organic intellectuals, 23, 194
organizational sector, 18
OSS. See Office of Strategic Services
overseas intervention, 73–74
OWI. See Office of War Information
Pacific Affairs, 85
Page, Arthur W., 87, 280n51
Page, Walter Hines, 280n51
Pape, Robert A., 253
parastates, 19–20
Party for Democracy, 218–19
party politics, 245
Pasvolsky, Leo, 78
Patterson, Albion, 194, 197
Pauker, Guy, 144, 307nn111–12
Peabody, Endicott, 50
Pearl Harbor, 247, 259
Peet, Richard, 226
Peffer, Nathaniel, 76, 86, 87
Perkins, Dexter, 110
Perry, William, 235
Petras, J., 185
philanthropy, 1–2, 46; global, 28, 95–96; radical reform in, 264; top-down technocratic values in, 262–63
(American) Philanthropy Initiative, Inc., 227
Pifer, Alan, 154–56, 160, 169
Pinkerton National Detective Agency, 37
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Pinochet government, 181, 192
PKI. See Communist Party Indonesia
Planning Without Facts (Stolper), 150, 174
pluralism, 192; corporatism and theory in, 18–19; CU’s eroded, 206–7; ESCOLATINA’s economic faculty and, 205; foundations promotion in Chile of, 182; global civil society and, 28; of Haas, 21; Valdes’ assessment of, 198
PNAC. See Project for a New American Century
Point Four program, 127, 301n21
policy makers, 82–83
policy-oriented academic seminar, 74–75
policy-oriented research, 190–91
politics: affiliations in, 209; Big 3 foundations attacks on, 34; CCF’s impact in, 119; Chile’s strategies in, 328n168; CU’s differences in, 201; electoral, 22; foundations and, 4–6; Indonesian change in, 142–43; mental performance lower entering, 271n60; new order through reform in, 21–22; Nigerian elites in, 177; party, 245; racial equality and instability in, 62; social forces and, 8
Posen, Barry, 240
positivism, 276n91
postwar modernization theory, 337n132
postwar settlement, 74
poverty, 251–52
Powell, Colin, 241, 336n103
power, zero-sum, 15
Power Elite, The (Mills), 4
PPI. See Progressive Policy Institute
PPNS. See Princeton Project on National Security
practical knowledge, 278n17
pragmatic neo-Wilsonianism, 233
Prebisch, Raul, 181, 190
Prewitt, Kenneth, 4
Princeton Project on National Security (PPNS), 223, 242–51; affiliations of, 246; American values promoted by, 243; Ford Foundation funding, 242; Liberty under Law of, 249; party politics and, 245
Princeton Public-Opinion Studies Program, 79–83
Pringgodigdo, A. K., 134
private actors, 268n19
pro-American/Western approach, 7
professionally elite universities, 11–12
professional training institutions, 12–13
professors, 297n110
Progressive Policy Institute (PPI), 231, 232
Progressivism, 60, 66
Project Camelot, 163, 173, 188–89
Project for a New American Century (PNAC), 237, 240
Promoting Democracy in the 1990s (Diamond), 233
psychic crisis, 36–37, 39–40, 48
public diplomacy crisis, 240–41
public opinion, 79–83, 96
public-opinion management, 38
Puryear, Jeffrey, 207, 210, 220, 257, 320n39
Pye, Lucian, 72
racial equality, 62
racialization, 62
racial segregation, 61–62
racism, 94, 313n62
Radosh, Ronald, 339n1
Ramos, J., 318n6
Ramos, Paulo, 72
Ramphele, Mamphela, 57
Ransom, David, 135–37, 139–42
Foundations of the American Century Page 48
