Lieut. Col. Joseph G. Hawkins
Artillery
Bartlett’s Battery (G), 1st Ohio Light Artillery:
Capt. Joseph Bartlett
Mendenhall’s batteries (H and M), 4th United States Artillery:
Capt. John Mendenhall
Sixth Division
Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood
(This division arrived upon the field about 2 o’clock on Monday. Wagner’s
brigade reached the front and became engaged, the 57th Indiana losing 4 men
wounded.)
Fifteenth Brigade
Col. Milo S. Hascall, 17th Indiana
17th Indiana:
Col. John T. Wilder
58th Indiana:
Col. Henry M. Carr
3d Kentucky:
Col. Thomas Bramlette
26th Ohio:
Col. Edward P. Fyffe
Twentieth Brigade
Brig. Gen. James A. Garfield
13th Michigan:
Col. Michael Shoemaker
64th Ohio:
Col. John Ferguson
65th Ohio:
Col. Charles G. Harker
Twenty-first Brigade
Col. George D. Wagner, 15th Indiana
15th Indiana:
Lieut. Col. Gustavus A. Wood
40th Indiana:
Col. John W. Blake
57th Indiana:
Col. Cyrus C. Hines
24th Kentucky:
Col. Lewis B. Grigsby
Appendix 3
Casualties at the Battle of Shiloh,
April 6-7, 1862
Appendix 4
Modern Photographic Tour of Shiloh
All photos courtesy of the authors
This appendix offers readers a photo gallery of many significant and interesting portions of the battlefield at Shiloh. We included this gallery for several reasons.
First, we believe it helps readers better understand the terrain of the battlefield and thus more fully appreciate the ebb and flow of the tactical action described in the main text. This is accomplished by numbering each photograph and keying each image to the map that appears on the following page (426). Simply find the number of the photograph on the map to determine where on the field the image was captured. The map also depicts the direction of the camera when the photograph was taken.
Second, this photo gallery can be used as a quick and useful guide for walking or driving the Shiloh battlefield.
Lastly, many people who study and enjoy Civil War history do not visit—for a wide variety of reasons—the battlefields they read about. Hopefully, these modern photographs will serve as a helpful (though admittedly poor) substitute for a tour in the flesh.
1. Pittsburg Landing. Named for Pittser Tucker, who owned a liquor store at the site, the landing on the Tennessee River was the chief staging area for the Federal armies. The Federal Army of the Tennessee landed here in mid-March 1862; U.S. Grant debarked here to take control of the disintegrating tactical situation on the morning of April 6, 1862; thousands of frightened Federal soldiers huddled along these bluffs; Don Carlos Buell’s Army of the Ohio arrived here late in the day on April 6.
2. Beauregard’s Headquarters. An impromptu Confederate council of war took place here on the afternoon of April 5, 1862, at the intersection of the Corinth and Bark roads. Beauregard argued that the Federals would be “entrenched to the eyes” and urged a withdrawal to Corinth. Albert Sidney Johnston ordered the attack to proceed, remarking, “I would fight them if they were a million.”
3. Confederate Headquarters. This was the site of Albert Sidney Johnston’s headquarters on the night of April 5, 1862. When he heard firing from the front at dawn the next morning, Johnston made his famous observation, “Tonight we will water our horses in the Tennessee River.”
4.Fraley Field. The first shots of the battle erupted here when a small Federal patrol entered the area about dawn on April 6, 1862. The tablet in the foreground marks the position. Waiting in skirmish formation were Mississippians from Sam Wood’s Brigade, denoted by the tablet at the far end of the field. Behind them was the entire Confederate Army of the Mississippi.
5. Peabody’s Headquarters. From this spot, Everett Peabody sent out his patrol that uncovered the Confederate advance. The 25th Missouri camp is on the left, with Peabody’s headquarters on the right. It was here Benjamin Prentiss scolded Peabody for bringing on the battle. In reality, Peabody’s actions may well have saved the Federal army. The unfortunate colonel has only recently gained the credit he deserves; Peabody’s headquarters monument doubles as his mortuary memorial.
6. Rhea Field. Larger at the time of the battle, this open area saw heavy fighting early in the battle as William T. Sherman’s troops mounted a desperate defense. The 53rd Ohio (whose monument is visible on the right) fought well until its colonel fled the scene. Sherman was wounded in the hand near the edge of the far woods.
7. Shiloh Branch. This view looks north along the Corinth Road. The Confederates launched numerous assaults across it (from left to right) against William T. Sherman’s camp line. The tablets on the left denote the positions of Patrick Cleburne’s and Patton Anderson’s brigades. Shiloh Church is visible in the distance.
8. Locust Grove Branch. This view looks south depicting the valley of Locust Grove Branch. It was on this high ground that David Stuart’s brigade first defended the vital Federal left flank. Artillery fire from the high ground across the creek and infantry assaults from James R. Chalmers’ and John K. Jackson’s Confederate brigades eventually forced Stuart’s withdrawal.
9. McClernand’s Crossroads Line. This view looks along John A. McClernand’s line of battle at the crossroads, where a series of regimental monuments now mark the site. A massed Southern attack struck McClernand and Sherman here around 11:00 a.m. on April 6, triggering some of the heaviest fighting of the battle. The Federals retreated, reorganized, and eventually counterattacked the Confederate left flank.
10. Owl Creek. The Tennessee River and Owl, Snake, and Lick creeks formed the basic parameters of the battlefield of Shiloh. This view of the Hamburg-Purdy Road crossing of Owl Creek looks west from the battlefield. John McDowell’s brigade of Sherman’s division defended this area early on April 6. This was also the route Lew Wallace would have taken to reach the battlefield had he continued on his march instead of countermarching to approach from a different direction.
11. Jones Field. One of the most important areas of the battlefield, Jones Field witnessed a badly needed reorganization of Sherman’s and McClernand’s shattered commands, followed by an audacious counterattack on the first day. It also witnessed heavy action on the second day when Lew Wallace’s Federal division took possession of the area.
12. The Peach Orchard. This view of perhaps the battlefield’s most famous landmark looks generally north. The monument-studded Federal line is visible in the distance across Sarah Bell’s cotton field. In the foreground is the position tablet for Winfield Statham’s Confederate brigade. On the left in the distance is the William Manse George cabin, the only wartime structure still standing on the battlefield.
13. The Site of Albert Sidney Johnston’s Death. This view looks down the ravine in which Johnston died. After being wounded on the high ground to the north, staff officers moved the general into the ravine for cover. The tablet marks the spot where Johnston bled to death. He was the highest ranking American military officer ever killed in action.
14.Bloody Pond. The blood from scores of wounded soldiers on both sides turned this small body of water red. This photo, looking southwest, depicts the modern pond and the position of Willard’s Battery late on the first day.
15. The Hornet’s Nest. This view of the Sunken Road, looking northwest, shows the prominent knoll known today as the Hornet’s Nest. The Confederate charges against this position were launched from the left. In the left center of this view is Munch’s Minnesota Battery, with the position marker for the 21st Missouri on the right.
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br /> 16. Ruggles Battery. After failing to break the Federal line with bayonet assaults, Confederate officers gathered artillery to blast the enemy out of the Sunken Road position. Some 50 to 60 pieces were wheeled into line, where they discharged as many as three shots a second into the Federals. The barrage was magnificent, but the Federal withdrawal came about because of pressure on the flanks and not the noisy but largely ineffective gunfire.
17. Hell’s Hollow. This view, looking east up and out of Hell’s Hollow, shows the area where the Hornet’s Nest Federal defenders surrendered. The area was named “Hell’s Hollow” because of the deadly Confederate crossfire that slammed shut the only avenue of escape. The tablet in center marks the site where the 12th Iowa Infantry surrendered.
18. River Road. It was along this obscure path that General Grant looked in vain all day for Lew Wallace’s missing division. Although the label “lost” is undeserved, Wallace did not arrive at Shiloh until after dark on the first day’s combat. When he finally reached the field, he did so along this route.
19. Grant’s Last Line. This view of the Federal line, looking east, was taken on the ridge that begins at Pittsburg Landing and extends to the Snake Creek Bridge. It was on this ridge that Grant formed his last line of defense late in the day on April 6. Federal gunboats in the Tennessee River, massed infantry, and dozens of pieces of artillery defended the position.
20. U. S. Grant’s Headquarters. General Grant made his headquarters under a large oak tree on the night of April 6, 1862. The tree no longer stands, but this monument marks the spot inside what later became the Shiloh National Cemetery. It was here Grant uttered his famous words to a pessimistic Sherman: “Lick ‘em tomorrow, though.”
21. Confederate Burial Trench. The killed from both sides were originally buried where they fell, but the Federal dead were disinterred in 1866 and taken to the Shiloh National Cemetery. Deep animosity still lingered in 1866, and the fallen Confederates were left on the battlefield. This photo depicts one of five marked Confederate burial sites at Shiloh. There are as many as four more documented burial trenches, and almost certainly many more awaiting discovery.
22. Shiloh National Cemetery. Established in 1866, this cemetery contains nearly 4, 000 remains, mostly United States soldiers disinterred immediately after the war from common battlefield graves. Only four Confederates are interred in this cemetery; the vast majority of the Southern dead still lie in burial trenches scattered across the original battlefield.
Notes
Chapter 1
1 Matthew F. Steele, American Campaigns (Washington: Combat Press, 1951), 73, 74. || For more on the importance of railroads in the Civil War, see George Edgar Turner, Victory Rode the Rails: The Strategic Place of the Railroads in the Civil War (New York: Bobbs Merrill, 1963), or the more recent John E. Clark, Railroads In The Civil War: The Impact Of Management On Victory And Defeat (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004).
2 Clement Eaton, History of the Southern Confederacy (New York: The McMillan Company, 1954), 135, 136.
3 United States Bureau of the Census, Eighth Census of the United States: 1860 (Washington, 1864).
4 A. L. Conger, “Fort Donelson,” The Military Historian and Economist 1 (January 1916): 57-59.
5 || See Benjamin F. Cooling, Fort Donelson’s Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862-1863 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997), for more information on the region’s importance to the Confederacy.
6 || See Larry J. Daniel and Lynn Bock, Island No. 10: Struggle for the Mississippi Valley (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996); See Joseph H. Parks, General Leonidas Polk C.S.A.: The Fighting Bishop (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1962), for Polk.
7 || See John F. Marszalek, Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for Order (New York: Free Press, 1993), for a modern biography of Sherman. For a modern treatment of Buell, see Stephen D. Engle, Don Carlos Buell: Most Promising of All (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
8 || See also Tom Chaffin, Pathfinder: John Charles Fremont and the Course of American Empire (New York: Hill and Wang, 2002). Although Dr. Cunningham did not mention it, Fremont’s policy regarding slaves was a major reason for his removal.
9 Stephen E. Ambrose, Halleck: Lincoln’s Chief of Staff (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1962), 13. || See John F. Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies: A Life of General Henry W. Halleck (Cam bridge: Belknap Press, 2004), for a modern biography of Halleck.
10 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Re cords of the Union and Confederate Armies, 128 vols. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1890-1901), Series 1, Volume 13, 567; 4, 349. Hereinafter cited as OR, with all references to Series 1 unless otherwise stated. The citation will normally read OR 10 (volume number), pt. 1 (part number), 212 (page number).
11 Charles P. Roland, Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1964), 261.
12 William Pres ton Johnston, The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878), 292.
13 Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, (ed.) E. B. Long, (Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952), 1-11. Hereinafter cited as Grant, Memoirs.
14 Ezra Warner, Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964), 184.
15 Ezra Warner, Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959), 97. || See Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822-1865 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), for the best modern biography of Grant.
16 W. E. Wood ward, Meet General Grant (New York: Literary Guild of America, 1928), 57-62.
17 Grant, Memoirs, 19, 21, 97; Wood ward, Meet General Grant, 101, 57-61.
18 Grant, Memoirs, 27, 28.
19 Warner, Generals in Blue, 184.
20 Wood ward, Meet General Grant, 96; R. S. Henry, The Story of the Mexican War (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1961), 365.
21 Wood ward, Meet General Grant, 185; Grant, Memoirs, 124.
22 Albert D. Richardson, A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant (Hartford: M.A. Winter and Hatch, 1885), 180.
23 Wood ward, Meet General Grant, 160-192, 209-211. || See William Garrett Piston and Richard W. Hatcher, III, Wilson’s Creek: The Second Battle of the Civil War and the Men Who Fought It (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000), for Wilson’s Creek. For Belmont, see Nathaniel C. Hughes, The Battle of Belmont: Grant Strikes South (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
24 B. H. Lid dell Hart, Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American (New York: Dodd, Meade, and Company, 1930), 1-11; William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman by Him self (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957), 9-165.
25 Lid dell Hart, Sherman, 11-71. || See Charles Bracelen Flood, Grant and Sherman: The Friend ship That Won the Civil War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), for a modern account of the relationship between Grant and Sherman.
26 T. Harry Williams, McClellan, Sherman, and Grant (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1962), 53-59.
27 “Campaigns in Kentucky and Tennessee Including the Battle of Chickamauga 1862-1864,” Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts (Boston: 1908), 7: 17; T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and His Generals (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1952), 47, 48.
28 || For the Army of the Ohio, see Gerald K. Prokopowicz, All for the Regiment: The Army of the Ohio, 1861-1862 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001) and Larry J. Daniel, Days of Glory: The Army of the Cumberland, 1861-1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004).
29 Dumas Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography (New York: Scribners, 1935), 3: 241. Hereinafter cited as D. A. B.
30 John H. Brinton, Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton (New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1944), 144.
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p; 31 Ambrose, Halleck, 3-21.
32 Henry, Story of the Mexican War, 147, 353, 368.
33 || For Smith, see Benjamin Franklin Cooling, “The Reliable First Team: Grant and Charles Ferguson Smith,” in Steven E. Woodworth (ed.), Grant’s Lieutenants: From Cairo to Vicksburg (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001), 43-61.
34 Bruce Catton, Grant Moves South (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1960), 50.
35 Augustus Chetlain, Recollections of Seventy Years (Galena: The Gazette Publishing Company, 1899), 81-83.
36 Brinton, Personal Memoirs, 121, 122.
37 Lew Wallace, An Au to biography, 2 vols. (New York: Harper, 1906), 1: 339.
38 Mark Mayo Boatner, Civil War Dictionary (New York: David McKay Company, 1959), 769; Wallace, An Au to biography, 1: 338, 339; Chetlain, Recollections of Seventy Years, 81-83.
39 Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson (eds.) Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 4 vols. (New York: Century Company, 1887-1888), 1: 359, 360.
40 || For Foote, see Spencer C. Tucker, Andrew Foote: Civil War Admiral on Western Waters (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000).
41 Clyde H. Metcalf, A History of the United States Marine Corps (New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1939), 173-176.
42 Brinton, Personal Memoirs, 118.
43 James M. Hoppin, Life of Andrew Hull Foote, Rear-Admiral United States Navy (New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1874), 404.
Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862 Page 36
